HIS101 (Reading in Philippine History)
down in Three Dimensions.
Lesson 1: Meaning of
History
Positivism - The philosophy
that a particular knowledge can
only be true if it can be observed in
a sensorial manner.
Historiography - The study
of history as a historical discipline.
Historicism - The belief that
history should be studied only for
its own sake.
 History is derived from the
Greek word “historia” which
means knowledge acquire
through inquiry or investigation.
 History is the study of people,
actions, decisions, interactions
and behaviors.
 History can refer to two things
 History relates to
everything that has
happened in the past .
 History is a discipline or a
field of study and
investigation that is
primarily concerned with
human activities done in
the past.
 The meaning can be broken
 History focus on human
activities.
 History as an inquiry.
 History is concerned with
the past.
 Recording of the past through
historical sources was
pioneered by ancient Greek
historian Herodotus. He is
recognized as the father of
history because he was the one
who is establish history as a
science.
 Positivism is an essential
philosophy that would serve as
a vital anchor of scientific
method.
 History as discipline has already
turn into comples and dynamic
inquiry.
 Historiography is the history of
history.
 History is the study of the past
the event that happened in the
past and the causes of such
events. While historiography
the object of study is history
itself.
 Historiography give us history a
better and deeper
understanding of the past.
Lesson 2: History and
the Historian
Historian - Primary
responsible for the production of
historical knowledge through
continuous research and rethinking
of history.
Historical interpretation
Making sense of given primary
sources and historical documents
through content and contextual
analyses.
Bias/subjectivity - A
disposition brought together by
once context that influences
historians’ historical interest and
selection of sources and
methodology.
 A historian is someone who
continuously for shoes
historical knowledge. History as
the study of the past based on
existing pieces historical
evidence, is a dynamic and
continually evolving discipline.
Lesson 3: Historical
Sources
Primary sources - Historical
sources that were produced and
created in the same period as
historical subjects being studied.
Secondary sources -
Historical work that was written
and produces through the use of
primary sources.
External criticism -
The kind of criticism done to
establish the authenticity of
primary sources.
Internal criticism - The
kind of criticism employed in
analyzing the content of primary
sources.
 Classification of
Historical Sources
 Primary and secondary
sources
 Primary sources are those
sources produced
simultaneous;y as the event,
period or subject being
studied.
 Secondary sources are
sources produces by an
author who rely on primary
sources to write the
material. They are product
of historical research that
other historians use for
additional information.
 External and Internal
Criticism of Primary
Sources
 External criticism is the
practice of verifying evidences
authenticity by examining its
physical characteristics,
consistency with historical
character of the time when it was
supposedly produced and the
historical sources materials.
 Internal criticism is the
examination of the content of a
particular document.
Lesson 4: Philippine
Historiography
Kasaysayan - Narrative of the
past that is significant to the
community where it belongs.
Nationalist
Historiography - History that
focuses on the masses and not on
the colonizers.
Pantayong Pananaw -
philosophical anchor of bagong
kasaysayan. It the need to foster
an internal discourse among the
masses in writing their history.
 Historiography is both
philosophical and scientific.
 History of Philippine
History
 Kasaysayan was derived
from the root word saysay which
could mean sense or significance.
 Filipino historian, including
Teodoro Agoncillo, Renato
Constantino, Reynaldo Ileto,
pioneered and intellectual
movement in history that
articulated use that are pro Filipino,
nationalist, progressive and hence
pro- people, Pro masses and pro-
poor.
 Teodoro Agoncillo, a
nationalist historian, wrote about
the Philippine revolution of 1896
to 1898.
 Nationalist historian all
agreed that Spanish colonization
was a of repression and regression
for the Filipinos.
 Reynaldo Ileto, despite
generally subscribing to the Filipino,
anti-colonial and nationalist
perspective in history use a
different approach.
 Zeus Salazar A member of
the UP department of history,
The introduce a new philosophy that
would guide a new historical and
social scientific scholarship
tradition.
 For Salazar, History should
be process, written and taught in
the Filipino language for the
Filipino people.
Teodoro Agoncillo, a nationalist
historian agreed that Spanish
colonization was a repression and
regression for the Filipinos. TRUE
Teodoro Agoncillo somehow for
told the next intellectual
movement in the Philippines
historiography. TRUE
Nationalist historiography emerged
as a reaction to the colonial
interpretation of history. TRUE
Positivism is an essential
philosophy that would serve as a
vital anchor of the scientific
method. TRUE
A historian is someone who
continuously for historical
knowledge TRUE
According to Reynaldo Illeto,
history should be processed,
written, and taught in the Filipino
language for the Filipino people
FALSE
Historiography the object of study
is history itself. TRUE
Internal criticism establish the
authenticity of primary sources
FALSE
Rizal believes that history should
be processed, written, and taught
in the Filipino language for the
Filipino people. FALSE
Historiography is a discipline or a
field of study and investigation that
is primarily concerned with human
activities done in the past. FALSE
Secondary sources are product of
historical research that other
historians use for additional
information. TRUE
Kasaysayan was derived from the
root word saysay which could
mean sense or significance. TRUE
Historian task to convert historical
sources to historical knowledge.
TRUE
The history is a product of the
discipline’s evolution across time.
TRUE
Historiography gives us history a
better and deeper understanding
of the present time. FALSE
External criticism analyzing the
content of primary source FALSE
Historia is a Latin term means
knowledge acquired through
inquiry or investigation. FALSE
Zeus Salazar introduced a new
philosophy that would guide a new
historical and social scientific
scholarship tradition. TRUE
Historical sources were pioneered
by the ancient Greek historian
Socrates. FALSE
History is a scientific discipline that
relies on different sources. TRUE
A journal written by Gregorio Del
Pilar PRIMARY
A journal by an activist about his
participation in the demonstration
SECONDARY
The Philippine constitutions
SECONDARY
A youtube video describing how
the rices terraces were built.
SECONDARY
A millenial social media
commentator explaining what it
was like to be an Elvis Presley fan
in his fame. SECONDARY
A radio broadcast from the day the
bataan fell from the Japanese
forces. PRIMARY
A classmate reporting about the
Japanese occupation and World
War 2. SECONDARY
An interview with Henry Sy about
how he built his business empire.
PRIMARY
A textbook describing the reform
movement. SECONDARY
A cartoon showing how blood
compact between chieftains in pre-
colonial times. SECONDARY
A world war 2 veteran talking
about world war 1 SECONDARY
A book describing Ferdinand
Magellan sailing to the Philippines.
SECONDARY
A contempary artist’s painting of
what life was probably like in the
19th century. SECONDARY
A history book describing the life of
Gregorio Del Pilar in the Battle of
Tirad Pass. SECONDARY
A short story describing Andres
Bonifacio and Daniel Tirona’s
confrontation in the Tejeros
Convention. SECONDARY
A video recording taken in World
War 2. PRIMARY
A news report about the
declaration of Martial Law.
PRIMARY
A biography of Ferdinand Marcos
written by a foreigner.
SECONDARY

A role play showing how Macario

Sakay was executed. SECONDARY