Professional Documents
Culture Documents
System of Particles All Derivations New
System of Particles All Derivations New
d
f1 f2 F12 F21 m1v1 m2 v 2
dt
dr1 dr 2
As v1 and v 2
dt dt
d dr1 dr 2
f1 f2 F12 F21 m1 m2
dt dt dt
But F12 F21 so they will cancel out
d2
f1 f2 2 m1r1 m2 r2
dt
Relation between rotational kinetic energy and moment of inertia. As shown in Fig.,
consider a rigid body rotating about an axis with uniform angular velocity ω. The
body may be assumed to consist of n particles of masses m1 , m2 , m3 ,..........mn ;
situated at distances r1 , r2 , r3 ,..........rn from the axis of rotation. As the angular
velocity ω of all the n particles is same, so their linear velocities are
v1 = r1 ω , v2 = r2 ω , v3 = r3 ω,.........,vn = rn ω
Hence the total kinetic energy of rotation of the body about the axis of rotation is
Rotational K.E.
1 1 1
m1v12 m2 v 22 ............ mn v n2
2 2 2
1 1 1
m1r12ω2 m2r22ω2 ............. mnrn2ω2
2 2 2
1
m1r12 m2r22 ..........mnrn2 ω2
2
1
Iω2
2
where I m1r12 m2r22 ..........mnrn2 (moment of inertia)
RADIUS OF GYRATION
The radius of gyration of a body about it axis of rotation may be defined as the
distance from the axis of rotation at which, if the whole mass of the body were
concentrated, its moment of inertia about the given axis would be the same as with
the actual distribution of mass.
I
m n r12 r22 r33 .......
n
I = MK2 , therefore
Mk 2
M r12 r22 r33 .......
n
r12 r22 r33 .......
k
n
v1 = r1 ω, v2 = r2 ω, v3 = r3 ω,......., vn = rn ω
p1 = m1r1 = m1r1ω,
p2 = m2r2 = m2r2ω,
p3 = m3r3 = m3r3ω…………
2
L1 = p1r1 = m1r ω
1
2
L2 = p2r2 = m2r ω
2
2
L3 = p3r3 = m3r ω ………
2
The angular momentum of a rigid body about an axis is the sum of moments of linear
momenta of all its particles about that axis. Thus
L = L1 + L2 + L3 + ......,+ Ln
1 r1f1 = m1 r12 α
Similarly, 2 r2 f2 , 3 r3 f3 , ...............n rn fn ,
τ = τ1+ τ2 + τ3 +..........+ τn
dω
α
dt
dω αdt
Integrting both sides within limits
ω2 t
dω α dt
ω1 0
[dω] ω2
ω1 α[t]0t
ω2 ω1 α[t 0]
ω2 ω1 αt
Second equation of motion. Let ω2 be the angular velocity of a rigid body at any
instant t. By definition,
dθ
ω2
dt
dθ ω2dt
dθ (ω1 αt)dt
dθ ω1 dt α tdt
0 0 0
t
t2
(θ) ω1(t) α
θ
0
t
0
2 0
t2
(θ 0) ω1(t 0) α 0
2
1 2
θ ω1t αt
2
dω
α
dt
m u lt ip ly a n d d iv id e b y d θ , w e g e t
dω dθ
α=
dθ dt
dω
α ω
dθ
αdθ ω dω
I n t e g r a t in g b o t h s id e s w it h in g iv e n lim it s
θ ω2
α dθ ω dω
0 ω1
ω2
ω2
α(θ ) θ
0
2 ω1
ω 22 ω 12
α(θ 0 )
2 2
2 α θ ω 22 ω 12
ACCELERATION OF A BODY MOVING DOWN A ROUGH INCLINED PLACE
Consider a body of mass M and radius R rolling down a plane inclined at an angle θ to the
horizontal.
I. The weight Mg of the body acting vertically downwards through the center of mass of the
cylinder.
II. The normal reaction N of the inclined plane acting perpendicular to the plane at P.
III. The frictional force f acting upwards and parallel to the inclined plane.
N = Mg cos θ
Applying Newton’s second law to the linear motion of the center of mass, the net force on
F = Ma = Mg sin θ – f
It is only the force of friction f which exerts torque τ on the cylinder and makes it rotate with angular
acceleration α. It acts tangentially at point of contact P and has lever arm equal to R.
Also, τ = Iα
FR = Iα
Iα
Or f
R
Mgsinθ f Ma
Iα
Mgsinθ Ma
R
a
As α
R
Ia
Mgsinθ Ma
R2
Ia
Mgsinθ 2 Ma
R
I
a 2 M Mgsinθ
R
Mgsinθ
a
I
2 M
R
Proof:
As we know
dL
τ ext
dt
if τ ext 0
dL
then 0
dt
or L constant