1.

1. The family of great apes is made up of gorillas, orang-utans,

chimpanzees, bonobos, and of course, humans.(Present Simple
PASSIVE)
2. The largest brains belong to sperm whales.(Present Simple ACTIVE)
3. You're blushing. Have been embarrassed by you something? (Present
Continuous ACTIVE)(Present Perfect Simple PASSIVE)
4. No one knows when music was invented, but cave paintings were
being created as long as 35,000 years age(Past Simple PASSIVE)
(PAst Continuous PASSIVE)
5. This room is being used for a conference. The anthropologist Alice
Roberts will be giving a talk. (Present Continuous PASSIVE)(Future
COntinuous ACTIVE)
6. I haven't seen you for ages. What have you been doing?(Present
Perfect Simple ACTIVE)(Present Perfect Continuous ACTIVE)
7. I wish I'd realized that she'd been lying to me all along. (Past Perfect
Simple ACTIVE)(Past Perfect Continuous ACTIVE)
8. He didn't recognize his hometown. It had been rebuilt since his
childhood. (Past Simple ACTIVE)(Past Perfect Simple PASSIVE)
9. We'll have been living here three years this November(Future Perfect
Continuous ACTIVE)
2.
1.What do you do?/What are you doing?.
2.I see him every Wednesday./I'm seeing him every Wednesday.
3.Everyone's being very nice to me./Everyone's very nice to me
4.I'll take a taxi to the airport./I'll be taking a taxi to the airport.
5. I’ve cut my finger/I’ve been cutting my finger
6. Dave always gives Pam expensive presents/Dave is always giving Pam
expensive presents
7. When I popped round to see her, she baked a cake/When I was popping
round to see her, she was baking a cake.
8. I've been checking my emails/I’ve checked my emails
9. The train leaves in five minutes/The train is leaving in five minutes
10. they'd been staying at the Ritz/they'd stayed at the Ritz
11. is interviewed by Sky News/is being interviewed by Sky News

3.
1.Did you ever meet my grandfather?
In the past-he's dead now
Have you ever met my grandfather?
He's still alive and you still have a chance to meet him
2.I come from Scotland
A state that is always true. I am Scottish .
I've come from Scotland .
A present result of a past action
3 When I've talked to him, I’ll tell you.
I’ll tell you after I finish talking with him.
When I talk to him, tell you
I’ll tell you when I'm going to talk to him.
4.The arrangements will be finalized on Friday .
A statement of future fact.
The arrangements will have been finalized by Friday
This will take place sometime between now and Friday
5 I wish knew the way.
A regret about now-wishing
I wish I’d known the way.
A regret about the past

4.
1 The lecture can't be given in the main hall because it's being decorated.
2 A large number of tickets have been bought.
3 I was thrilled to be introduced to Professor Roberts.
4 The children enjoyed being taken to the zoo.
5 They had been warned not to frighten the animals.
6 English is spoken here.

Reflexive pronouns
2.
1.My wife was talking to her/My wife was talking to herself.
In the first sentence, the subject and object are different people. In the
second sentence, the subject and object refer to the same person- the
speaker's wife .
2.She got dressed quickly and went to work/She can now get herself
dressed.
The use of the reflexive in the second sentence emphasizes that the
subject is doing the action. Getting dressed here is part of a child's
developmental stage, rather than being a common everyday occurrence,
so it is given more prominence by the speaker.
3. I burned my finger quite badly/l burned myself quite badly
The use of the reflexive in the second sentence emphasizes that the
subject did something to cause the action. It suggests it was the speaker's
fault that he/she was burned.
4.I spoke to the prime minister/I spoke to the prime minister himself/I
spoke to the prime minister myself.
In the second sentence, the reflexive shows emphasis, so we are made
aware of the speaker's idea of the importance of the conversation, in the
third sentence, the reflexive suggests alone without company, If the
speaker chooses to stress the reflexive, it could also indicate a sense of
pride, in that the speaker spoke to the prime minister without need for an
introduction, or without other company being present.
5.They hurt themselves playing rugby/They hurt each other fencing.
In the first sentence, through the use of the reflexive, there is no sense of
agency attached to the verb hurt. The players were hurt, but we don't
know by whom in the second sentence, the reciprocal pronoun shows that
both players were injured-the first by the second, the second by the first.
6. I painted it all by myself/l choose to live by myself
The first sentence is most likely spoken by a child. Here the use of the
reflexive means on my own, without help, In the second sentence the
reflexive means on my own, too. However, in this case on my own
suggests alone, without other company
Spoken English
1.
1 d He really fancies himself. He thinks all women fall for his charm.
2 a Honestly, just listen to yourself. You never stop moaning!
3 c Don't put yourself down. Believe in yourself.
4 b Look after yourself. You've been looking a bit peaky recently.
5 e I could kick myself. I didn't get her phone number.
6 f Think for yourself. You don't have to agree with everything he says.
7 h Please yourself! You never listen to my advice anyway.
8 j Just be yourself. Don't try to appear to be something that you're not.
9 i Think of yourself sometimes. You're always putting others first.
10 g Don't flatter yourself! You didn't win because you're the best. Your
opponent was rubbish!