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Article 5
Article 5
dai;
a = ui 06 jeks∞ b˙∞ 33
Tfí ksjfia
b˙;e,Sï iy
msm¯s ïj,g
ksjer† úi∫ï
kej; m˙irhg c, jdIam bj;aùfuka by;
jr,;a ksr®udK bx‚fkare Oïñl Or®ur;ak i|yka l< b˙;e,Sï ;;a;ajh we;súh
yelsh'
we;eï kj s dij, ì;; a j
s , ;r s ia w;g
thg fhofjk wNHka;r fyda ndysr n,mEï tfy;a ì;a;sfha u;=msg isg wNHka;rh
lvd jefgk f.dvke.s,s w;fr® 2' ld,h;a iu. f.dvkeÛs,, a g Ndú; lrk olajd jHdma; úh yelsh' b˙;e,Sfï m<,
i≥s jQ b˙;e,ï
b˙;e,ï S we;j
S wm oel ;f
s kf
a ka weh@s
s nkjd' tjeks
wuqøjHj, is≥jk fjkiaùï' WodyrKhla ñ,s ógr® 0'3 -0'5 olajd úh yelsh'
r`∞ isák ksjilg f,i .fvd,a fyda íf,dla.,a jeks is≥re oj,a ld,fha° ysre t<shg ksrdjrKh jQ
we;eï ksjdij, jy<h yd ì;a;sh
iïnkaO jk ia:dkj,g by<ska
Wmfoia - 03 iys; øjH c,h Wrd.kakd m%udKh .fvd,a ì;a;s r;aùfï° m%idrKhg ,lajk rEmh 2 we;=,ame;af;a yria w;g b˙ ;e,Sï
jeäùu;a tys° m%idrKhg ,laùu;a" bka w;r fomi we;s yria ì;a;s u.ska tu we;sjkjd' f.dvkeÛs,af,ys wdk; jy<
b†ls¯ï wjika l< fndfyda ksjdij, c,h bj;a ùfï° fyda úh<Sfï° we;sjk m%idrKh je<elaùfï° r;a jQ ì;a;sh ;=< i|yd ì;a;sh wdOdrlhla fia l%shdlrk úg
f.ìfuys iy ì;a;sj, we;sjk b˙;e,Sï wels<Su;a ksid ì;a;sj, b˙;e,Sï we;sjkak f;rmqï mSvkhla jr®Okh fõ' cfka,hg ì;a;sfha by< fl<jr jy<fha nr
iy msms¯ïj,g fya;= úh yels lreKq mqΩjka' wdrïNfha° fuu fjkiaùu iDcqju hg fldgfia we;s ì;a;sfha jr®.M,h wvq fya;=fjka w.=j foig ;,aÆ ùu ksid
lsysmhla miq.sh i;sfha ,smsfhka wms ks¯laIKh l< fkdyels jqj;a" miqj th neúka" tu fldgfia mSvkh fndfyda jeäh' tjeks b˙hEï we;súh yelshs' ^4 jeks rEmh&
idlÉPd lf<uq' ksjil w,xldrhg iy b˙;e,Sula f,i ks¯laIKh l< yelsh' 3' fuu f;rmqï mSvkh ksid †jd ld,fha° iqΩ iuyre jy<hla fjkqjg fldkal%SÜ
meje;aug fndfydaúg ;r®ckhla jk fuu oji uqΩ,af,a iy iD;=uh jYfhka is≥jk m%idrKhlg ,lajk ì;a;s" rd;%s ld,fha ° ;Ügqjla Ndú; lrkúg tu ;Ügqjg my<ska
b˙hEï iy msm¯ s ïj,g ,ndfok fndfyda WIaK;aj fjkiaùï o b˙;e,Sïj,g is≥jk WIaK;ajh wvqùu;a iu.u ;u uq,a ì;a;sfha ;sria w;g b˙;e,Sï oel.;
úi∫ï ;djld,sl tajd jkafka tu b˙ n,mdkjd' ,xldj jeks iulhg wdikakfha m%udKhg ,sys,a ùfï° ì;a;sh kej; wd;;s yelshs' we;eï wjia:dj, fuh fldkal%sÜ
hEïj,g iy msms¯ïj,g ksjer† fya;=j msyá s rgl W;=re fyda ol=Kq †Ydjg msyg s d n,hlg ,lafõ' fï isoaêh °r®> ld,Skj ;Ügqfõ îïj,g háka jqjo we;sjkak bv
fidhd .ekSu fndfydaúg ≥Ialr ùu ksidh' we;s ksjdij, ì;a;s u; wvqu ;rfï udi 5 is≥jk úg" fuf,i we;sjk wNHka;r ;sfnkjd'
tajdg fya;= jkafka ksji b†ls¯fï° is≥jQ la j;a meh 10 l muK ld,hla iDcq ysre wd;;s n, .fvd,a yd nodfuka ieliQ tjeks b˙;e,ï S fyda mm s ¯s ï i≥s jkf
a ka
≥r®j,;do ke;fyd;a md˙i˙l fya;+ka o t<shg ksrdjrKh úh yelsh' fuh o ì;a;s ì;a;sfha ord.ekSfï yelshdj blaujQúg weh@s
hkak tu b˙;e,Sï iy msms¯ïj, u; b˙;e,Sï yg.ekSug tla fya;j = ls' 4' b˙;e,Sï we;s fõ' oj,a ld,fha ° fldkal%SÜ ;Ügqj u.ska
iajNdjh ishqï f,i ks¯laIKh ls¯fuka b†ls¯u is≥lrk N+ñfha we;s mfia b†ls¯ï is≥l< ia:dkfha mfiys iajNdjh wêlj Wrd.kakd iQr®h;dmh my< ì;a;sh
ks.ukh l< yels nj jr,;a ksru ® dK iajNdjho b˙ ;e,Sï is≥ùug n,mE yelsh' wkqj;a ì;a;sj, b˙;e,Sï iy msms¯ï fj;g .,d hEu fya;=fjka tu ì;a;sfha
bx‚fkare Oïñl Or®ur;ak uy;d mjihs' fuys° jeo.;au ldrKh jkafka fuu we;súh yels nj Tn m%ldY l<d' tf,i isria w;g m%idrKh ùula is≥jk w;r
tjeks ks.ukhlska miq ta i|yd fhdok b˙;e,Sï ks¯laIKh jQ ú.iu tajd b†ls¯fï we;sjk b˙;e,Sï iy msms¯ïj, iajNdjh ì;a;sj, udhsï u.ska m%idrKh ùu iSud
ms<hs u fndfyda úg idr®:l jk nj Tyq jHqyfha ia:dhs;djg iDcqj n,mdk fya;=jla fln∫o@ lrk úg ì;a;s fldgfia taldldr fkdjk
mjikafka ish °r®>ld,Sk w;aoelSfuks' f,i fkd.; hq;= njhs' fndfyda úg ishqï ueá iys; mia we;s f;rmqï mSvk ;;a;ajhla we;sfõ' fï
j,, m%d:ñl ú≥yf,ka iy fuu b˙;e,ï S iy mm s ¯
s ïj, ij a Ndjh úh<s l,dmfha lrk b†ls¯ïj,° jr®Id fya;=fjka hï m%idrKhlg ,lajk ì;a;s"
lgq.iaf;dg Ydka; wkaf;daks ú≥yf,ka w kj q t h g n , m E f y; a k + a m< s n
s | hï ld,j,° ueá mfia is≥jk m˙udj jeäùu;a rd;%S ld,fha ° ;u uq,a m%udKhg bys,a
wOHdmkh ,o Oïñl Or®ur;ak uy;d k. s ukhlg t < f U kka g y e lh s djla úh<s ld,.=Kfha° is≥jk yels<Sfï ùfï° kej; wd;;s n, jr®Okh fõ' kuq;a
2000 jifr®° fmardfoKsh úYajúoHd,fhka ;f s nkjo@ iajNdjh;a ksid wÆ;ska b†l< ksjfia fyda fldkal%SÜ ;Ügqj m%idrKh jk m%udKh
isú,a bx‚fkare Wmdêh;a" 2007 jifr®° ksjdi iy f.dvkeÛs,sj, we;sjk f.dvkeÛs,af,a by< isg my<g l=vd .fvd,a ì;a;sh m%idrKh jk m%udKhg jvd
jr,;a bx‚fkare Wmdêh;a" 2009 jifr®° b˙;e,Sï we;sjk †Ydj wkqj tajd jr®. b˙;e,Sula oelsh yelsh' fï b˙;e,Su fjkia neúka fldkal%SÜ ;Ügqjg my<ska
Y%S ,xld újD; úYajúoHd,fhka b†ls¯ï ;=klg fnod olajkak mqΩjka' 1' isria w;g b†ls¯fï by< fldgfia ° jy< wdikakfha ì;a;sfha isfuka;s nodu ia:rhla yd ;sria
l<ukdlrKh ms<n s | mYapd;a Wmdêh;a" hk b˙;e,Sï ^Vertical cracks& 2' ;sria w;g jeä jk w;r my<g tafï° ^w;a;sjdru jr®Okh ùuhs' óg wu;rj isfuka;s yd je,s w;g b˙;e,Sula olskakg ,efí' ^5 rEmh&
2011 jifr®° fudrgqj úYajúoHd,fhka mi hk b˙;e,Sï ^Horizontal cracks& 3' úlr®K wdikakfha& wvq iajNdjhla oelsh yelsh' ^2 c,h iu. ñY% lr idod.kakd noduh ;=< ;sria b˙;e,Sï we;sùug ;j;a tla
ms<sn| mYapd;a Wmdêh;a" 2015 jifr®° Tiafia hk b˙;e,Sï ^Diagonal cracks& rEmh n,kak'& jk c,h bj;aùu fya;=fjka o" ì;a;s ldrKhla jkafka" f.dvkeÛs,af,a ldur
fudrgqj úYajúoHd,fhka ksr®udK ndysr ì;a;sj, isria w;g b˙;e,Sï b†ls¯ï i|yd Ndú; l< .fvd,aj, fyda yels<Sug ,laù b˙;e,Sï is≥úh yelsh' fjkalr .ekSug ì;a;s ne£fï° fldkal%SÜ
bx‚fkare úoHdj ms<sn| Wmdêh;a we;sjkafka †jd yd rd;%S ld,fha° ì;a;sj, íf,dla.,aj, we;s c, jdIam m%udKh ta wkqj Ndú; ;Ügqj u; ì;a;s
,nd.;af;ah' ody;a jirlg wêl ld,hl is≥jk WIaK;ajfha fjkiaùï" mfiys fjkiaùu ksid ì;a;sj, isria w;g lrk .fvdf,ys ne£fuka ld,h;a
isg furg b†ls¯ï lafIa;%fha mqfrda.dó l%shdld˙;ajfha o is≥jk fjkiaùï iy b˙;e,Sï we;sjkakg mqΩjka' ^3 rEmh ksIamdokfhka miq idlÉPd lf<a - md,s; fiakdkdhl iu. fldkal%SÜ
fufyjrl kshe<S isák Tyq Y%S ,xld .fvd,a ì;a;sj,g Wrd.kakd c,h m%udKh n,kak'& fuys° úfYaIfhka i|yka l< hq;= .;ù we;s ld,h" ;Ügqfõ is≥ jk
bx‚fkare iNdfõ idud‚lhl= o fjhs' fya;=fldgf.k we;sjk m%idrKfha is≥jk ldrKh jkafka fmdarKfhka mqΩiaid Ndú; lrkq ,nk isfuka;s jr®.h iy je,s my;aùu fya;=fjka ì;a;sfha my<
b˙ ;e,ï S wju jk kj s ila b†lr.eku S fjkiaùï ksidh' bj;g .kakd .fvd,a ta fudfydf;au jr®.h wkqj c,jdIam Wrd.ekSu bj;aùu fldgfiys ;sria w;g b˙;e,Sï we;súh
i|yd kj s i b†l¯s ug fmr wk. q ukh l< WIK a ;j a h fjkiù a u ki s d kj s il b†ls¯u i|yd fhdod.ekSu kqiq≥iq njh' hk ixisoaëka ì;a;sh m%idrKhlg fyda yelsh' fuu ixisoaêh jeämqr is≥jkafka
h;q = lreKq fudkjo@ i≥s jk b˙;e,ï S j, ij a Ndjh flfioa @ fufia fmdarKqj ;=< oud bj;g .kakd yels<Sulg n,mE yelsh' ì;a;sfha nr ord.ekSug fldkal%SÜ ;Ügqjg
ksjdi iy f.dvkeÛs,sj, we;sjk WIaK;ajfha fjkiaùï ksid we;sjk úh<s .fvd,a m˙irfha c,jdIam Wrdf.k fï i|yd ms<shula f,i ix;Dma; jk háka îï fkdue;s úghs' ^6 rEmh&
b˙;e,Sïj,g fndfyda ≥rg n,mdk lreKq b˙;e,Sï nyq, jYfhka wmg oel.; m%idrKh jk w;r" ta i|yd m%udKj;a f;la .fvd,a c,fhys .s,ajd ;nd Ndú;hg
fufia jr®. l< yelsh's tkï 1' ksjdi fyda yelafla ndysr ì;a;sj, cfk,aj,g my<ska ld,hla ;sfnkakg bv fkdyer Ndú;hg .kS' tkuq;a tu.ska m˙irfhka c, jdIam ;j fldgila ,nk i;sfha
f.dvkeÛs,s b†ls¯ug fhdod.kakd we;s ì;a;s fldgfiah' 1 rEmigyfka .ekSfuka is≥jkafka b†ls¯fuka miq fuu Wrd.ekSfuka we;sjk m%idrK ;;a;ajh
wuqøjHj,g ord.; yels m%udKh blaujd oelafjk m˙† fuu b˙;e,Sï b;d ;=kS m%idrKh is≥ù ì;a;s wNHka;r wd;;s n, wju jqjo wfkl=;a md˙i˙l idOl u; PdhdrEmh ksu,a ohdr;ak