Historical

The revolution in Les Miserables refers to the June Rebellion of 1832, which was a failed attempt by the
republican movement to overthrow the monarchy of King Louis-Philippe. The rebellion was led by a
group of students and intellectuals who were inspired by the ideals of the French Revolution of 1789.
The rebellion was ultimately crushed by the French army, but it had a lasting impact on French politics
and society.

In Les Miserables, being an ex-convict was considered a mark of shame and worthlessness in society.
Jean Valjean, who had served a long prison sentence for stealing a loaf of bread, struggled to reintegrate
into society and find employment due to his criminal record. He was constantly subjected to
discrimination and prejudice by those who knew of his past, despite his efforts to live an honest and
virtuous life.

The novel also portrays the harsh realities of poverty in 19th century France, where many people were
forced to live in squalid conditions and struggle to make ends meet. The character of Fantine, a single
mother who is forced into prostitution to provide for her daughter, represents the plight of many women
who were forced into such desperate situations due to poverty and lack of social support.