TITLE PAGE

THE INFLUENCE OF THE ENVIRONMENT ON THE STUDY OF PHYSICS

IN KATSINA-ALA LOCAL GOVERNMENT

BY

ANDAGBERA THOMAS

COLLEGE NUMBER: 2006/2615

AND

KUSA PHILEMON TERNA

COLLEGE NUMBER: 2008/2676

PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS,

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, KATSINA-ALA. IMPARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE NIGERIA CERTIFICATE IN

EDUCATION (NCE)

DECEMBER, 2011.

This project has been scrutinized and approved as meeting the standard requirement of the

School of Science, Department of Physics, College of Education, Katsina-Ala for the award of

The Nigeria Certificate (NCE).

Алда
MR. KUNGUR, S.T.

Project Supervisor

Date

APPROVAL PAGE

05/07/2012.

EXTERNAL EXAMINER

Date

MR. AFEAH, E.T.

Head of Department

Date

DEDICATION

The project work is dedicated to the Head of Department of Physics, and all the lecturers

In the department.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Our sincere appreciation goes to the Almighty God for making this work a reality.

We our special debt of gratitude to the Dean, school of sciences, the HOD and all the

Lecturers in the Physics Department.

We also appreciate our gratitude to our project supervisor, Mr. Kungur, S.T. for
His great support and encouragement towards the achievement of this work.

We do not forget the efforts made by our physics Exam officer, Mr. Kur, Mark

Who through his advice and support, we are able to achieve this work. Sir, we are

Really grateful.

Our appreciation also goes to our course mate in the departments for their

Contributions towards the successful achievement of this programme.

The efforts of those whose names do not appear here due to lack of space and

Finance, who contributes extremely in making this work a success, are really

Acknowledged. We pray that may the Almighty God bless you all in Jesus name, Amen.

Iv

ABSTRACT

This project is aimed at finding out the environmental factors that influence the study of

Physics in Katsina-ala local government area of Benue State.

The worn is presented in five chapters. The first chapter forms the general introduction

Of the research area, which is Katsina-ala local government. Chapter two of this work

Covers the review of related literature on the topic “the influence of the environment on

The study of physic in Katsina-ala local government are “ the method used in conducting

The research is the population study of five randomly selected secondary school in

Katsina-ala and sample is covered out of the population and is used as responders to
The questionnaire item distributed and it is certified for validity and reliability.

This found in chapter three. In chapter four, date is presented and the findings

Analyzed and interpreted using chapter five, the researcher summaries and conduced

The work; suggestion and recommendations were also highlighted

Content

Title page:

Approval page:

Dedication:

Abstract:

Acknowledgement:

CHAPTER ONE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 Introduction:

1.1 Background to the study:-

1.2 Statement of the problem:--

1.2.1 Effective Learning Environment:-

1.2.2 Environmental Adaption---

1.3 Purpose of the Study:-

1.4 Significant of the study:-

1.5

Hypotheses:----

1.6 Delineation and Scope of the study:-

Educational Factors:--

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Introduction:-

2.1 Environmental Factors:-

2.1.1 The Physical Environment and the Environmental Design:-

2.1.2 Sound:--

2.2

2.2.1 Students Factors:-

Page

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-5
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-7

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-10

2.2.2 Teaching Factors:

2.3 Poor Science Background:-

Social Factors:-

2.4

2.4.1 Class Structure:-

2.4.2 The Family:-

2.4.3 Culture:--

2.5 Learning Theories and Their Application to Science Teaching and Learning:

3.0

3.1

Introduction:-

Research Designed:-

Area of the study:-

Population of the Study:-

Instrumentation:---

3.2
3.3

3.4

3.4.1 Teacher’s Questionnaire:--

3.4.2

Student’s Questionnaire:-

3.5

Validity of Instrument:---

3.6

Method of Data Collection:-

3.7

Method of Data Analysis:-

4.0

4.1

4.2

4.3

Introductions:-

Data Presentation:---

Problem of Students Attitudes:

Test of Hypothesis:-

CHAPTER THREE
CHAPTER FOUR

CHAPTER FIVE

Vii

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16

16

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-18

-19

-19
-20

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Summary:-

Conclusion:

Suggestion:-

Recommendation:-

Teachers Role:

The Role of Government:-

References (Biography):-

Questionnaire:

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-31-36

CHAPTER ONE

1.0

INTORODUCTION:

At the close of the second millennium A.D, man lived in extra-ordinary time. This is

Because generations age, human beings first ventured beyond earth’s atmosphere into space

And began to unlock the remarkable secrets beneath the oceans of how earth’s geology works

And to creak in earnest the genetic codes that determine the fundamental nature of life.

Today, these and others frontiers remain open to us; yet we are still consumed with a

Multitude of problems seemingly our own making worth mentioning. We find ourselves

Confused about science and technology, and begin to ask whether they are the cause of

Science or solution to our daunting problems.

Regardless of which way are chooses answer this question our deepest concern is that

Science and technology are understood by few, even in the technologically advanced

Industrialize nations will use computers and cellular phones with ease, yet which they are
Operate? We look forward to the changes in our immediate surroundings, yet remarkably only

Few can explain the underlying cause of these changes.

Increasing, it seems the delegation to lead or not with the most advanced technologies lies by

Default in the hands of scientifically liberate few.

Furthermore science through modern technology has altered our life style appreciably .it

Has provided an array of electrical, mechanical and electronic device not for our entertainment

And convenience but also for advancing our miseries such as diseases and uninteresting

Works. What is more, is that in our modern world, man is the center of innumerable forces

Which try to limit his life and comfort. Physics aims at the understanding of these forces of

Natures, while technology develops or uses them for the benefit of mankind.

Technological advancement is therefore, back up with discoveries and researches in

Physics and other science subjects. The study of physics have proved to be great important to

Mankind in areas like engineering, industry communication, electricity, medicine, Agriculture

e.t.c.

BACK SROUND OF THE STUDY:

Science and technology has Greater a lot of changes to mankind, for the Nigerian child

To live and survive in the rapidly changing society of science and technology, she/he must

Have to adjust mentally, physically, socially and intellectually for him or her relate well to

Achieve educational opportunities of his society both socially, politically, economically and

Scientifically. The achievements of these purpose therefore required people with creative

Minds who could catalyse science and technology developments. The certainty of these

However depend much on the ability of such minds to leak science which physics is one of the

Disciplines.

1.1

It will not be an over statement that physics as a discipline is the pivot technological

Developments. It can also play an important role for the effective implementation of the 6-3-3-

4 system of education especially in improvisational and installation of require instructional

Materials for teaching and learning However, looking at the situation in Benue state and

That do,

Katsina-ala in particular, many students do not offer physics at all, even

Performance in their qualifying examination is always below average.

This performance could be attributed to factors ranging from lack of desirable facilities
For encouragement, mismanagement of funds and lack of direction by policy makers. As they

Would be comes more and more sophisticated due to technological advancement in the third

Millennium no nation which jettisons science can cope with the challenges facing humanity.

Thus if Nigeria is to experience any technological break-through in the 6-3-3-4 system

Education, these problems must be overcome.

It is for this purpose that the researcher wishes to identify the environment influence on

The study of physics in senior secondary school in Katsina-ala here in Benue Sate so that the

Level of influence would be ascertained with adequate adjustment and attention given to them.

It is also hoped that with these problems identified, one would be able to find reasonable ways

By which students will be helped to study physics more effectively in different area of learning.

This can be achieved through early motivation on learners especially by taking science as a

Process and not as an accumulation of facts and be able to understand and feel benefits of

Science to mankind and its role in society transformation.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

The most prominent negative effects of student not learning physics is that they have

Limited knowledge and contributions to the technological advancement of their society.

Too many, it happens out of will but as a result of attributed factors, beyond their immediate

Control, some of these factors, the researcher has tried to identify. They include:-

1.2.1 EFFECTIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT:

Science in African culture is an era such that the provision of effective learning

Environment is often difficult and to some extent totally unfound able. The cause may be

Attributed to many factors including inadequate or mismanagement of funds, superstitious

Beliefs that catalyse the negative attitude of people towards the learning of science in general

And physics in particular.

Specifically, here in Katsina-Ala, it is discovered that only few learning environment

Experiences electricity but still of poor supply. The question is can electricity alone create a

Conducive learning environment? Simple no. why? It is because electricity is not good water, it

Is also not good road network, neither it is a health centre, and if those things are required to

Make a good learning environment, then electricity alone does not do anything reasonable.

Surprisingly, many do not have toilets and hostels. Even the title that have are only for staff

Students therefore have to adjust themselves to ensure immediate provision of good learning

Environment if they certainly want to meet the aspiration and expectations of Katsina-ala ala
In science and technology.

1.2.2 ENVIRONMENTAL ADAPTION:

According to oxford Advance learners Dictionary (1974) adaptation refers to change in

Order to suit a new.

Situation. Environment in which one lives also changes from time to time and one has to

Adjust himself to cope up with the changing situation of the environment. Environmental

Adaptation therefore means the efficient manipulation of the environment, such as a a child

May not be able to survive. Thus, for purpose of adaptation, the child must have to make

Sufficient use of his senses which go a long way to enhance the efficiency of the way he lives

In his society.

1.3 THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY:

Many efforts have been made by a number of school in various fields to identify and

Enumerate the possible factors that influence physics in particular, so for the nature of science

Seems to be dynamic and diversification and it is of great important to identify the factors that

Influences the effecting study of physics. This will help fill in the gap in comparison to other

Subjects it will also help in controlling level of influence. This factor may have on the study of

Physics negatively. Specially, the purpose of this research is to;

i.

Identify and exposes the environmental factors that influence the effective learning of

Physics in Katsina-ala

ii.

iii.

1.4

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:

The basic of this study mainly is to identify and brings to light the environmental factors

That influence the study of physics and to find out possible ways to remedy what seems to

Pose a great problem to the study of physics. It is also hoped that the awareness of such

Influence ensure the effective study of physics without problems in time to come.

This research work intends to help students, physics teachers and of course scientist in

General as well as non-scientist in nature on the types of intumesce the environment has on

The learning of physics so as to adjust to various situations that could affect the successful

Study of physics. This research will uncover the various problems involved in the effective

Study of physics at senior secondary school in Katsina-ala at different levels of instructions.

It is also hoped that making sufficient use of the recommendations of this research

Work base on findings, will enable government to develop a workable curriculum that will care

For the lapses in different learning environments especially at secondary school level

HYPOTHESIS:

1.5

a)

b)

Attempt to find out cause and effects of such influence on the effective learning physics.

Recommend in line with those findings of the research ways that will help control the
Influence of these factors on the study of physics.

Lack of infrastructural materials hampered the effective study of physics.

Lack of laboratory equipment also retards the effective learning of physics.

Poor climatic conditions negrate the effective learning of physics.

DELIMITATION AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY:

This research work is base on “ the influence of environment on the study of physics”

With restriction to Katsina-ala. This is to enable the investigator carry out his research work

C)

1.6

This research work is base on the following formulated hypothesis. These are:-

Based on the fact above, we can therefore establish a kind of relationship between the

Two (learning and environment) while learning determine an outcome of the influence of the

Environment on the individual’s development, environment on the other hand regulates and

Shapes the learning of an individual.

Many people believe that learning is environmentally based. For instance, Farrant

(1964) observed that after birth the child’s environment is immensely broadened as he is

Subjects to constantly changing physics, emotional and social experiences. He therefore

Identified two forms of learning, casual and debate learning’s that come as a result of the

Child’s continues interaction with the environment.

According to him, casual learning results from the experience (observation) of our

Environment and need no special efforts. It just happens. Psychologist believe that casual

Learning explains all the so called man’s innate tendencies frankly speaking, these

Characteristics appreciation for our environment. Deliberate learning on the other hand does

Not just happen it is unusually motivated. It results however only when one changes direction

Of one’s learning; one changes a definite planned channels, he also emphasized, that even

Though we know nothing at childhood, our tiny body is certainly prepared for learning. All our
Sense work and can react to the environment with a rapture of reface behavior. Learning will

Also grow out of reaction of childhood response mechanism to the force of our environment.

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:

2.1.1 THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN:

The physical environment comprises of certain elements such as the atmosphere,

Temperature, light and sound. In the prehistoric time, school houses and buildings were

Designed primarily as shelters to provide protection against natural element of the physics

Environment, that tend to create unfriendly and unconformable conditions for human being.

But as man came to exercise more positive control over his environment, modern architectures

Become less interested in merely shaping and embracing isolated structures than creating

Functional environment for the most efficient performance of special task. The development of

The environment is not an end in itself but just a means to the well being and cultural

Environment of all human beings which may become occupants or users.

In our modern society the functional requirements of users of building are highly

Variable and difficult to anticipate. If the buildings is to flexible to accommodate new deeds

And resources, its performance will soon be totally impaired. These education faculties

Regardless of size, should be designed and construction in the way that will encourage and not

Inhibit desirable learning.

2.1.2 SOUND:

The nature of sound in an environment determines the interaction between people and

Animals within such an environment. In general, sound as an element of the physics

Environment sets maximum limits on the efficiently of aural perceptions and communication.

Surrounding room surfaces also act on sound as it travels from a source to the receiver. Thus,

An effective sound environment for learning whether in or out of doors is the one that usually

Goes in noticed. It is the one which sound do not divert attention to themselves and away

From the task at hand. If the given place is sufficiently quiet for each function and no

Significant noise penetrates form elsewhere, desirable sound can be heard easily and one
Needs no special exertion to be heard. The fact learning also depends on the acoustic nature

Of the environment need not be over emphasized. However, it can be observed that when the

Nature of sound in an environment becomes unpleasant, people find it difficult to associate

With and rather term it ‘sound pollution; thus learning becomes difficult in such areas. Since

Learning is an artificial means to human improvement, it can be changed or transferred from

Place to place in order to obtain it’s acoustic desirability whenever the need arise.

2.2 EDUCATIONAL FACTORS:

According to smith (1996) in our age and other ages human learning is best in which it

Occur, especially in school for people of all ages.

Educational factors are more or less centered on the following:-

2.2.1 STUDENT FACTORS:

Students growth and development varies from one stage to another depending on the

Nature of the environment they come from and attitudes they possessed most offer in line

With this stage. For instance, a child horn in areas where behaviors such as aggressiveness,

Stealing, fighting e.t.c are common is liked to grow and other words, a child born in a broken

Home have something to eat after school when she/hem night have gotten home.

The development psychologist observed that the rate of growth differ from one

Individual to another and is influenced by heredity and environment. In their view, very often

It has become difficult to control the heredity traits children posses which may have negative

Effects on the teaching and learning process.

2.2.2 TEACHING FACTORS:

Learning according to be bevel (1973). There are several difficulties that confront those

Who are saddled with the responsibility of designing and executing the learning of physics

Programs. Prominent among these are the confusions that always arise in the course of the

Translation of ideas in to action for students in developing society to understand and

Appreciate given their back- ground in the language with which ideas are expressed and the

Difficulty in the correct marrying of theory and experiments. He reiterated that, there is danger
10

That physics teacher who love and are more conversant with theoretical physics will teach

Without due course to it’s human importance there by making it abstract and so difficult for

Students with such back ground to comprehend.

Most a time teachers become confused of what method they can adopt in teaching

Physics not considering the students and the particular environment that learning is to take

Place. He therefore observed that, physics like other science subjects can be taught using

Several convention methods and techniques; some of which include; the expository method.

Discussion method, demonstration method process approach discovery or inquiring method,

Simulation method e.t.c.

To him none of these methods can be honestly said to be the best in teaching physics.

The influence of the teacher factor on the learning of physics heed not be over emphasized

However, it should be observed that, the nature of science particular by physics, required a

Special learning environment.

Therefore, teachers should take into cognizance those classroom activities that facilitate

Processes leading to effective study of physics. More so, theory learning have numerous

Implications in terms of the way a teach develops his curriculum, select his instructional

Materials and closely choose his learning method.

POOR SCIENCE BACK GROUND:

All the primary level of instructions, the child has no special or litter knowledge on

Some science subjects like physics, chemistry e.t.c until he/she reaches secondary level of

Instruction. The elementary science at primary level and lack of proper sense of direction to

Inculcate into the school pupil science virtues. Sincerely speaking, many Nigeria teachers in

Primary schools are unqualified and yet gave had to be allowed to teach because of shortage

Of teachers. If these group of people are the ones that teaches our children to learned much.

11

2.3
These should not expect our children to learned much. These of course, is of the factors that

Mlitates against the growth of science particularly physics in the Nigerian school system.

2.4

sOCIAL FACTORS:

Social factors according to Stevens (1972) comprises of class structure, race, religion,

Family culture and emotional climatic of the home. To him, these factors individual influence

Learning.

Learning start with the individual at infancy with social factors influencing make

Themselves fell at this age. In this explanation, cultural traits are often equivocal and may

Teach mainly inconsistent pattern that will even conflict with learning. He stated that, the

Situation is further complicated by the availability of different models for each set of value

System. Values and attitudes learned by young people determine their perpetual styles, their

Way of perceiving their environment as well as their own behavior.

2.4.1 CLASS STRUCTURE:

This refers of the structure of ownership. The relation between people with respect to

Appreciation and acquisition of material good. The predominate system in any society

Determines the types and nature of the struggle between the two opposing social proletariat.

In a given society, people are not the same; there is a hierarchy that exists between

The individual starting from the upper-middle-cover levels.

See chart below

12

Dev

XX

XXXXXXXXXX
SOURCE:

XX

UPPER

CLASS

XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX

XXXXXXXXX CLASS

XXXXXXXXXX X X XXX XXX XXX X XX XX XX XX XX XX X X X X X X LOWER

С XXXXXXXXXX X X XXX XXX XXX X XX XX XX XX XX X X X X X X X X CLASS

Source: Ogbogo, O.B.C. (2002).

13

XXXXXXXX MIDDLE

The upper class A is assumed to be the rich, the middle class B posses some

Characteristics of both upper and lower class. People in this class are either rich or poor. While

The lower class C is completely poor or is the class with high rate of poverty.

2.4.2 THE FAMILY:

The family is the smallest social unit in the society. It has its roots from our biology

And physics nature. Since it is universal, then no human society could possibly exist without

Any form of family organization. One of the functions of the family is to educate. The family is

An important agent of education. This is a role shared by both unclear and extended families.

It is this process that brings the child from the first time in contact with members of his family

And from whom he receives information about his environment. It should be pointed out that,

No other agent of socialization is important to the total, makeup of the child as his family. The

Family has the potential of continuing to exercise a strong influence over the life of the child

In the school and long after he had left school.

2.4.3 CULTURE:

Culture is the total way of life of the people. It embraces their ideas, beliefs,

Customs and technological knowhow. The fact that culture is an agent of socialization needs
Not be over emphasized. However, it should be noted that the more the ethnic groups in a

Particular place, the more the cultural way of behaving may differ in one way or the other.

This affecting their educational system too.

Family race and ethnicity, religion and emotional condition of the home also affect

Learning, as it differs, from one person to another.

2.5 LEARNING THEORIES AND THEIR APPLICATION TO SCIENCE TEACHING AND

LEARNING:

According to Walker (1970) a theory is regarded as “A hypothesis which has

Undergone verification and which has the potential for explaining and predicting events as

Well as producing new knowledge”. Learning theories and the effective teaching and learning

Of science. Those theories formulated by the learning theories have help a lot in the

Development and provision of conducive learning environment for effective learning of

Science. Those theories of course act as a guide to education. They have also contribution a

Lot to the analysis of the school content area in behavioral terms identifying the task to be

Taught and behavior to be expected.

According to Adulahi (1982) a body dissemination of knowledge should be approved

Structurally. In his view, same teacher should begin learning in unstructured sequence with a

Set of organizers statements. These statements according to him will then become subsumes

Hence advanced organizers employed should be abroad, several and inductive for effective

Thinking and bringing of students and the new learning materials which is to be introduced

All together.

14

According to Gagnes (1977) theory of learning, any piece of knowledge can be

Acquired by students who posses certain per-requisites knowledge which have their own per-

Requisites in turn. This theory assumes that prior knowledge determine what further feet like

Natural science (physics). Central of Gagne’s theory is the concept of task analysis, skills and

Knowledge to be thought. Learning structure, which results from task analysis, is a system of

Learning heard of intellectual operation. This should be organized in a manner which can lead
To positive transfer from those operation or skills lower in the hierarchical ladder than those

Further up. Observably Gane’s theory implies that materials for learning should be

Sequentially structured by the teacher.

An instructional strategy of critical reasoning based on Gane’s theory beings with the

Leaches asking question such like what body of knowledge or skills dose he wants the

Students to posses when the instruction has been completed? If the answer is, he wants

Then to be able to plot a set of load-extension data to obtain a straight line graph that

Demonstrates Hoke’s low, then the next questions should what bit of knowledge or operation

Dose students need in order to perform the above task or acquire the desired body of

Knowledge? At point, the teacher begins the process of analysis to identify the per-

Requisites for the learning hierarchy. If one of the hierarchies is diagnostic per-test. The

Result of the test would be used to identify hierarchy at which students could begin learning.

Thus from the instructional point of view, Gane’s sees meaning fullness achievable through

Movement from simple to complex tasks.

15

3.0

INTRODUCTION:

The purpose of this chapter is to described the methods and steps used in conducting

This study. The chapter will also describe the population of study, research design, area of

Study, sample and sampling technique, instrumentation, validity of the instrument used,

Method of data collection and method of data analysis.

RESEARCH DESIGNED:

This research word is designed to cover students from senior secondary school and five

Physic teachers of five selected secondary schools in Katsina-ala

3.2 AREA OF THE STUDY:

The research work is restricted to Katsina-Ala, this is to enable the investigator carry his

Research work successfully and to collect to his work.

Katsina-Ala local government area is in Benue state which is bounded in the north by

Ukum local government, Buruku, Ushongo, Kwande and Takum local government of Taraba

State.

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1

It is found within the guinea savannah region with relatively moderate dilate conditions,

They are dry and wet seasons.

3.3

POPULATION OF THE STUDT:

The researcher found it difficult to involve the whole secondary schools scattered in

Katsina-Ala.

The population is meant for five selected secondary school in Katsina-Ala, made up of

Teachers in physics and also S.S.S I. To S.S.S II Students studying.

16

The school listed below were of the same standard on the base that they present

Candidates for external examinations.

Table 3.1 selected school for study population

S/NO SCHOOLS

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

STUDENTS

Doy Secondary school, Harga

Shitile Commu Sec Sch Tor-donga.

Government Sec Sch, Abaji

Government Sec Sch Amaafu

N.K.S.T Sec Sch Katsina-Ala

TOTAL:

S/NO Schools

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

1.12

100

171

110

198

691

Since the population in the above schools is too large in number, the researcher

Doy Secondary school, Harga

Shitile Commu Sec Sch Tor-donga.

Government Sec Sch, Abaji

Government Sec Sch Amaafu

N.K.S.T Se: Sch Katsina-Ala

TOTAL:

Decided to use only a student in each of the five schools with one physics teacher.

3.4 SAMPLE AND SAMPLING:

The method use in this researcher work was random sampling to select the schools

Under study. Also questionnaires (50) were administered to the selected population from the

Sampled schools, Table 3.2 below the population of sampled schools.

TEACHERS TOTAL
Administered

In all 50 questionnaires were designed and administered

1.14

102

172

112

20

700

15

Administered

3
Ww

15

Wwww

15

3.5 INSTRUMENTATION:

The instrument used to obtain data for this research work is the questionnaire, this is a

Device of obtaining information for research work and relevant questions from the sampled

17

Respondent. Even through some oral interview questions were conducted. Two types of

Questionnaire were designed, the teachers’ and the students’ questionnaire.

3.5.1 TEACHER’S QUESTIONNAIR:

This contains 9 items. Item 3 was designed to determine whether negative attitudes of

Students influences the study of physics, item 4 is to ascertain how students are aided for

Effective study of physics, item 5 is to access students performance in physics teachers

Influence the study physics. Item 8 (a), 8 (b) and 8 (c) were to find out whether lack of

Laboratory equipment influences the study of physics. Item 9 (a) ,b are to identify how

Curriculum contents of physics at secondary school level influences effective study of physics,

While item 1 and 2 were to estimate teachers back ground as regard the study of physics.

3.5.2 STUDENT’S QUESTIONNAIRE:

This made up 10 items; 1-4 were to estimate students background as regard the study

Of physics.

Item 5 was to access students interest on the study of physics. Item 6 was to find out

How students are motivated for effective study of physics. Item 7 was to find out whether

Students attitudes towards teachers influence the study of physics. Items 8 was to find out

Whether lack of physics teacher influence the study of physics. Item 9 (a) (b) and (c) were to

Find out whether lack of laboratory facilities influence the study of physics while item 10 was to

Find out whether the curriculum contents of physics at secondary school level influences the

Study of physics.

3.6

VALIDITY OF INSTRUMENT:

After constructing the questionnaire, the researcher ensured the content validity by

Checking the questionnaire item with research questions of the study. After this exercise, the

18

Questionnaire was given to the researcher is suppression and other experts in research

Method to determine the face validity of it.

METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION:

Method of data collection here refers to as the tools used in the gathering of data for

The study. The tools used to effect the available information in this work were oral interview,

Observation and the questionnaire. These tools were selected so that data collection will be

Valid, relevant, standardized and reliable, in light of the above, beside be devoid of. Due to

The fact that the researcher is an indigene of local government, observation become. Possible

Since this method does not demand for second hand information nor people’s view which

Could be be right or wrong.

The use of questionnaire is the major source for data collection in this research work for

It makes analysis of response by the physics teachers and students of physics in the five

Selected secondary school exercise.

3.8 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS:

The method of data analysis is by the use of chi-square method which has the formula

3.7

Where:

Fo= Observed frequency

Fe = Expected frequency

Fe

Where

Also

RT XCT

GT

RT= Row Total

CT=Column Total

GT= Grand Total

(x²) =

- Σ (fo=fe) 2

This is demonstrated in chapter four.

19