KONSEP SISTEM

Disusun Oleh : Vera Noviana Sulistyawan, S.T., M.T.

Topik Setelah UTS PERTEMUAN 10
Persamaan Beda Sistem

PERTEMUAN 9
Konsep Sistem
PERTEMUAN 11
Transformasi Laplace dan
PERTEMUAN 12
Transformasi Laplace Balik
Topologi Sistem

PERTEMUAN 13
Teori dan Konsep Pemodelan Sistem PERTEMUAN 14 PERTEMUAN 15-16
Perancangan Pemodelan Sistem Proyek Aplikasi Sistem
Signals and System
• What is Signal ?
• Signal shows a parameter that changes the other parameter.
• One example is the current that changes over time in an electronic
circuit. In an electronic circuit, we have currents and voltage. So if the
parameter changes the other parameter like current or voltage in the
circuit, then that’s a signal.
• What is System ?
• The system is a process that creates an ouput signal after an input signal
is made.
Signaling Systems
• So we have the input signal and we have the output signal.
• So system is a process which makes this output signal corresponding to
the input signal.

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Continuous and Discrete Signals

• Continuous → 𝑥(𝑡), 𝑦(𝑡)

• Discrete → 𝑥(𝑛), 𝑦(𝑛)
• Analog Signal = Continuous Signal
• Continuous time signal is a function of time.
• If you have a Continuous Signal, you can get the Signal by getting the small part of it.
• Uppercase letter is for the frequency domain dan lowercase is for the signals.

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System
• A system is interconnection of operation that moves an input signal to an output signal
with different input properties.

• 𝑦 = 𝐻𝑥 → Continuous • 𝑦 = 𝐺𝑥 → Discrete

x(t) y(t) x(n) y(n)

H G

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What is System ?
• A system is interconnection of operation that moves an input
signal to an output signal with input which has various
properties.

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Interconnection of Systems

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Basic System Properties
1. Static and Dynamic Systems
2. Causal and Non-Causal Systems
3. Time-Invariant and Time-Variant Systems
4. Linear and Non-Linear Systems
5. Invertible and Non-Invertible Systems
6. Stable and Unstable Systems

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 x(t) y(t)
Sistem

Kondisi :
1. 𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑥(𝑡)
𝑦 0 = 𝑥(0) → present input
2. 𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑥(𝑡 − 1)
𝑦 0 = 𝑥(−1) → past input
3. 𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑥(𝑡 + 1) Note :
𝑦 0 = 𝑥(+1) → future input < 0 → past
= 0 → present
> 0 → future

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 x(t) y(t)
Sistem

• Contoh :
𝑥 −2 = 1,5; 𝑥 −1 = 2,0; 𝑥 0 = 2,5; 𝑥 1 = 3,0
• 𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑥(𝑡 − 1)
𝑡 = 0 → 𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑦 0 = 𝑥 −1 = 2,0
𝑡 = −1 → 𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑦 −1 = 𝑥 −2 = 1,5
• 𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑥(𝑡) Note :
𝑡 = 0 → 𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑦 0 = 𝑥 0 = 2,5 1. 𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑥(𝑡) → present input
𝑡 = −1 → 𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑦 −1 = 𝑥 −1 = 2,0 2. 𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑥(𝑡 − 1) → past input
3. 𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑥(𝑡 + 1) → future input

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KUIS
Diketahui sinyal x(t) yang akan masuk kedalam sebuah sistem adalah sebagai berikut
x(2) = 1 angka yang terletak di paling kanan dari NIM masing-masing
x(3) = 2
x(4) = -1
Tentukan
• Present input
• Past input
• Future input

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Static and Dynamic Systems
• Sistem Statis (memoryless) → jika keluaran • Sistem Dinamis (memory) → jika keluaran
sistem (output system) hanya bergantung sistem bergantung pada input sebelum atau
pada nilai input saat ini (present value of sesudah waktu t (depends on past or future
values of input).
input).
• Contoh :
• Contoh :
𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑥 𝑡 + 𝑥 𝑡 − 1 → 𝑥 𝑡 present dan
𝑦 𝑡 = 2𝑥(𝑡) → 2 merupakan koefisien 𝑥 𝑡 − 1 past → dinamic system
𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑓𝑥 𝑡 → function dari sinyal 𝑥 𝑡 →
present input, present output
𝑦 0 = 2𝑥(0) → static system karena present
input, present output

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Soal
1. 𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑥 𝑡 + 1 + 𝑥(𝑡)
2. 𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑒 9(:;<) < 𝑥(𝑡)
3. 𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑥(2𝑡)
4. 𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑥(−𝑡)
:
5. 𝑦 𝑡 = ∫9= 𝑥 𝜏 𝑑𝜏

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Jawab :
1. 𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑥 𝑡 + 1 + 𝑥(𝑡) → dinamic system

2. 𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑒 9(:;<) < 𝑥(𝑡) → 𝑥(𝑡) present

koefisien
Sehingga, 𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑒 9(:;<) < 𝑥(𝑡) adalah static system

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3. 𝒚 𝒕 = 𝒙(𝟐𝒕)
𝑡 = 0 → 𝑦 0 = 𝑥(0) → present input
𝑡 = −1 → 𝑦 −1 = 𝑥(−2) → past input
𝑡 = 1 → 𝑦 1 = 𝑥(2) → future input
𝑡 = 0 → 𝑦 𝑡 → present input
𝑡 < 0 → 𝑦 𝑡 → past input
𝑡 > 0 → 𝑦 𝑡 → future input
Sehingga system adalah dynamic.
4. 𝒚 𝒕 = 𝒙(−𝒕) → dynamic.
𝒕
5. 𝒚 𝒕 = ∫!" 𝒙 𝝉 𝒅𝝉 → dynamic.

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 Causal and Non-Causal Systems
• Causal System → output of system is independent of • Non-Causal System → output of system depends
on future values of input at any instant of time.
future values of input (keluaran sistem tidak tergantung
pada nilai masukan yang akan datang). • Contoh sistem non kausal :
• Causal System = • 𝑦 𝑡 =𝑥 𝑡+2
𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 • 𝑦 𝑛 = 𝑥 𝑛 − 𝑥[𝑛 + 1]
>
𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 • 𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑥 𝑡 + 𝑥 𝑡 − 1 + 𝑥(𝑡 + 1)
• Contoh sistem kausal : present past future
• 𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑥(𝑡 − 1)
• 𝑦 𝑛 = 𝑥 𝑛 + 2𝑥 𝑛 − 1 + 5𝑥 𝑛 − 2 + ⋯ Ø Anti-Causal System : system should depent only on
the future values of input.
• 𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑥(𝑡)
• 𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑥 𝑡 + 𝑥(𝑡 − 1) Ø Contoh :
Ø 𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑥 𝑡 + 2 → non causal dan anti
present past causal system

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Time-Invariant and Time-Variant Systems

x(t) y(t) y(t-t0)

Sistem Delay by t0

x(t-t0) y’(t)
Delay by t0 Sistem
= 𝑦 𝑡 − 𝑡" → 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚
𝑦! 𝑡 >
≠ 𝑦 𝑡 − 𝑡" → 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚

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Time-Invariant and Time-Variant Systems
• Sistem time-invariant → jika delay (time-shift) pada sinyal
input menyebabkan delay yang sama besar pada sinyal
output.
• Is a system in which any delay provided an input must be
reflected in the output.
• 𝑥 𝑡 = 𝑥< (𝑡 − 𝑡Q ) → 𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑦< (𝑡 − 𝑡Q )
• 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑥< (𝑛 − 𝑛Q ) → 𝑦 𝑛 = 𝑦< (𝑛 − 𝑛Q )

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Linear and Non-Linear Systems
• Sistem linier → The system which follows the principle of
superposition is known as linear system.
• The principle of superposition is combination of two different laws.
1. Law of additivity
2. Law of homogeneity

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Law of Additivity
x1(t) System y1(t)
+

∑ y1(t)+y2(t)
Following the Law
+
x2(t) System y2(t) of Additivity

+
y’(t)=y1(t)+y2(t)
∑ System
+ x1(t)+x2(t) ≠ y1(t)+y2(t) Not Following the
Law of Additivity

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Law of Homogeneity
x(t) System y(t) k ky(t)

Following The Law of

y’(t)=ky(t) Homogeneity
k System
kx(t) y’(t)≠ ky(t)
Not Following The
Law of Homogeneity

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Linear and Non-Linear Systems
• Sistem linier → jika memenuhi sifat additivitas dan homogenitas
• 𝑥 𝑡 = 𝑎𝑥< 𝑡 + 𝑏𝑥R (𝑡) → 𝑦 𝑡 = 𝑎𝑦< 𝑡 + 𝑏𝑦R (𝑡)
• 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑥< 𝑛 + 𝑏𝑥R (𝑛) → 𝑦 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑦< 𝑛 + 𝑏𝑦R (𝑛)

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Tugas
Bagi tiga kelompok, setiap kelompok mencari contoh-contoh dari :
• Causal and Non-Causal Systems
• Time-Invariant and Time-Variant Systems
• Linear and Non-Linear Systems

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Invertible and Non-Invertible Systems
• For an invertible system, there should be one to one mapping
between input and output at each and every instant of time

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Stable and Unstable Systems
• Sistem stabil → for a stable system output should be bounded for
bounded input at each and every instant of time.

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Diskusi
• Diskusikan mengenai Invertible and Non-Invertible Systems dan Stable
and Unstable Systems di Elena

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Topik Bahasan Minggu Ke-10
Pembahasan Tugas dan Diskusi
Sistem LTI
Konvolusi
Persamaan Beda
 Thank You
Vera Noviana Sulistyawan, S.T., M.T.
veranovianas@mail.unnes.ac.id
+62 813 3242 3308