Agriculture and

Energy sector
forestry sector

Transportation Waste and wastewater

sector management sector

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 Industrial and
Building sector
manufacturing sector

Information and communications

technology (ICT) sector

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i) Source of wind power
- clean energy sources that can replace the use of fossil fuel
sources in the future

ii) Hydropower resources

- a renewable energy source that is now one of the world's leading
energy sources for electricity generation

iii) Sources of solar energy

- potential renewable energy sources to be developed as Malaysia
receives sufficient sunlight throughout the year

iv) Geothermal energy sources

- suitable alternative energy to replace the use of fossil fuels

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i) Sewage, chemical waste and garbage dumped into rivers and
seas have disturbed river and ocean ecosystems and nearby areas

ii) The generation, management and decomposition of solid waste

contributes to the increase in greenhouse gases. This is causing
global climate change

iii) Food waste that is not disposed of properly causes

environmental pollution

iv) About 268 million tons of paper are produced annually. To

produce 1 ton of paper only, we need 2 to 4 tons of wood. Paper is
a major contributor to solid waste

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i) Prevention and mitigation
-users are encouraged to minimize the use of paper by reusing
used papers or using paper only when absolutely necessary

ii) Isolation and recycling

- the government has encouraged the segregation of household
waste since 2015. Through this segregation, we can reduce the
disposal of recyclables, as well as reduce solid waste in landfills

iii) Treatment and processing

-the process of biological treatment of solid waste allows the
waste to be converted into beneficial organic matter

iv) Refuse , Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recovery (5R)

- The 5R concept has been introduced to replace the previous 3R
concept.

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i) Forest exploration
- widespread will disrupt the gas cycle on Earth. Refers to the
forest as the ‘lungs of the earth’. The conversion of carbon dioxide
gas to oxygen gas only occurs when plants carry out the process of
photosynthesis

ii) Open burning

- done by farmers in their farm areas can cause severe haze.
These protracted conditions can affect air quality across the
country and neighboring countries

iii) Use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers

- widespread by farmers has caused contaminated crop lands

i) treating and reprocessing agricultural waste into compost is a

practice of Green Technology that can control the balance of
nature
ii) replanting of trees can help maintain the existing species
iii) pelu logging activities are controlled so that forest resources
are protected

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i) vehicle exhaust emitted contains chemical gases. The presence
of this gas in the air causes a greenhouse effect that contributes
to sudden climate change

ii) 95% of motor vehicles used today use petrol and diesel. Gasoline
and diesel are derived from petroleum. About 60% of the world’s
petroleum is used in the transportation sector. Petroleum, which is
a non -renewable source of energy, will be depleted

i) Green transportation
- any form of environmentally friendly transportation that releases
greenhouse gases at a very minimal rate or does not release
greenhouse gases

ii) Creation of natural gas vehicles

- use either liquefied natural gas or compressed natural gas
- vehicles that use petrol can be modified for the use of LNG or
CNG

iii) Use of biofuels as a substitute for petroleum

- alternative sources that refer to fatty acid methyl esters
produced from vegetable oils as well as animal fats

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