QUIZ 1 is finished, reducing its volume and causing
deflections.
IDENTIFICATION:
POROSITY The percentage amount of void
space or pore space in a given material such
as concrete
AUTOCLAVING The process of the
application of pressure to prevent the water
from boiling and releasing water vapor,
causing pores to generate in the mix.
What is DEF? DELAYED ETTRINGITE
FORMATION
RIGID HYDRATE The term for the solid
specimen after 24 hours of hydration.
GRADING To control the strength and
mixture of concrete, aggregates are
grouped according to their size.
SINTERING The process of fusing particles
together into one solid mass by using a
combination of pressure and heat without
melting the materials. This is done on some
aggregates created from recycled materials.
PARENT ROCK the strength of an
aggregate heavily relies on the formation of
the original material before it has
undergone stresses and exposure to the
elements and therefore breaking down.
What is the correct term for its original
material?
POP-OUTS This occurs when the
aggregate falls out from the concrete
surface.
UNSOUND Aggregates that failed testing
for use in concrete or are contaminated by
clay and salts are classified as
SHRINKAGE This occurs in concrete when
moisture is lost after the hydration process
MULTIPLE CHOICE:
IRREGULAR AND UNSOUND Aggregates
that are detrimental to a concrete mixture
because they affect the binding strength of
concrete.
ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS These are gravel
deposits that come from the action of
running water, like streams, rivers, and
springs.
GRADING Sieve analysis is performed
primarily on an aggregate to determine its
FLAKY AND ELONGATED Aggregates that
are detrimental to a concrete mixture
because they reduce workability.
Concrete should be kept as wet as
possible when curing.
Decreasing the temperature of a specimen
could retard the hydration process
Increasing the temperature of a specimen
could hasten the hydration process
GLACIAL DEPOSITS These are gravel
deposits that come from the action of ice
and glaciers that move through the ground.
ALKALI-SILICA GEL is hygroscopic,
meaning it exhibits absorption of moisture
from the surrounding air
DEF can occur if the temperature reaches
80 °C.
The major purpose of wet curing. prevent
the specimen from drying
SHARP AND ANGULAR Aggregates that
are mechanically crushed from excavations
are typically
BULK DENSITY This is measured by
compacting a sample of loose aggregates
into a container of known volume and
measuring the mass.
COARSE AGGREGATES Aggregates that
are retained in sieves with an opening of
5mm
Concrete should be kept away from
moisture when casting.
Pores could bring CHLORIDES that could
corrode the reinforcement in the concrete.
MARINE DEPOSITS These are gravel
deposits that come from the action of tides
and waves and the decomposition of corals
and rocks
Differential expansion can occur if there is
more than 20 °C of temperature difference
between any two parts of the pour.
The peak temperature a concrete mix can
reach highly depends on the rate of heat
generation
FINE AGGREGATES Aggregates that are
passing in sieves with an opening of 5mm
Cements containing pozzolans require
longer curing times due to the lower
rate of heat generation
ROUND AND SMOOTH Aggregates that
are naturally abraded by action of water or
ice are typically
Cement gives off about 0.5 MJ/kg of heat
during hydration.
What happens during an alkali-silica
reaction? The alkali-silica gel imbibes
pore water, causing it to swell and
expand, creating cracks and fissures
along the aggregate.
ENVIRONMENT Which of these has the
most considerable influence in the strength
and durability of the concrete.
QUIZ 2
IDENTIFICATION
MIX DESIGN The term used for process
and calculation of the quantities of the
different constituents of the concrete mix.
IN SITU TEST The term used to describe
tests that are performed outside of the
laboratory or on site.
WORKABILITY Defined as the amount of
useful internal work necessary to produce
full compaction.
CONSISTENCY The European equivalent
for the term workability.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
CYLINDRICAL SPECIMEN Gives a better
representation of the core of concrete
structures.
BLEEDING The loss of moisture from a
concrete mix.
SHRINKAGE The loss of volume of a
concrete specimen.
SEGREGATION The loss of aggregate from
a concrete mix.
TOO LOW TO BE CONSIDERED
BENEFICIAL The test for the tensile
strength of concrete is only performed for
specialized applications because for almost
all structural calculations for reinforced
concrete the tensile strength is assumed to
be
VISCOSITY Defined as the work required
to shear a fluid at different shear rates.
150 Cylindrical specimens have diameters
with ranges within 100mm to _____mm.
80 The strength of a cylindrical specimen is
approximately _____% of a cubical
specimen.
125 The strength of a cubical specimen is The cement content of a mix is obtained by
approximately _____% of a cylindrical dividing the water content by the w/c
specimen. ratio

20 A strength of a cylindrical specimen is

STRENGTH Durability of concrete in terms
approximately _____% less than a cubical of construction materials generally mean
specimen.

100 A cubical specimen most often has a
dimension of _____mm in laboratory
testing.
150 A cubical specimen most often has a
dimension of _____mm on site testing.
1:2:4 The general all-rounded mix
prescribed for minor concreting works
BINGHAM FLUID Concrete is best
described as a __________ because it has a
yield stress.

The US method for design strength requires VERTICAL Compressive tests on a

a cylindrical specimen specimen must have the specimen in a
__________ position.
The UK method for design strength requires
Design strength is the minimum strength
a cubical specimen
a concrete must reach during testing

The workability of concrete is determined by

SORPTIVITY TEST A test where the water
its water content
is drawn into an initially dry sample by
capillary suction and the flow rate is limited
THE GATE IS OPENED, AND THE TIME
by the permeability.
FOR THE CONCRETE TO DISCHARGE IS
MEASURED A v-funnel test involves a The strength of concrete is determined by
funnel, with a gate at the bottom, and its cement content
concrete is placed in it and compacted, then
CREEP The loss of strength from a concrete
THE CONE IS LIFTED, AND THE
specimen.
EXTENT TO WHICH THE CONCRETE
SPREADS AROUND IS MEASURED A The efficiency factor is determined by the
slump flow test involves a truncated cone ratio of cement-to-cement
placed on a flat surface, with a small replacement materials
opening at the top, and concrete is placed
in it and compacted, then PLATTENS These are the plates in the
testing machine that hold the cylindrical
THE CONE IS LIFTED, AND THE
concrete specimen vertically at a level
EXTENT TO WHICH THE CONCRETE
angle.
SLUMPS DOWN IS MEASURED A slump
test involves a truncated cone placed on a
flat surface, with a small opening at the top,
and concrete is placed in it and compacted,
then

DOUBLE Cylindrical specimens have

heights that are __________ their
diameters.