CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Social media are websites and applications that enable users to create and share content
or to participate in social networking. According to Manning (2014) . social media refer to new
forms of media that involve interactive participation. Balot.pedia define academic performance
as the measurement of student achievement across various academic subjects. Teachers and
education officials typically measure achievement using classroom performance, graduation
rates, and results from standardized tests.

The use of social media plays a variety of roles in education as highlighted by Al-
Khalifa and Garcia (2013), which include providing a media to share ideas as well as allowing
students to build their own communities to collaborate with each other, facilitating the art of
learning and reaching out to the students in order to understand and teach them at the same time.
Studies such as Junco et al., 2011, Tariq et al., 2012, Sampson et al., 2004, García-Peñalvo et al.,
2012, Camilia et al., 2013 have explored the effects of social media use on students’ academic
performance, ability to engage and the effect on their lives, in countries such as USA, Pakistan
and Nigeria.

' A previous study by Ketari and Khanum (2013) explored the relationship between
social media usage and academic performance in Saudi Arabia, through the distribution of a self-
administered survey. The study focused on Facebook as the social media platform and utilised
the survey to ascertain from the participants, their thoughts on the effect of Facebook use on their
academic performance.

Past research by Choney (2010), Karpinski and Duberstein (2009), Khan (2009) and
Kubey et al. (2001) was done mostly in developed countries to analyse the impact of social
media on the students’ academic performance, effect of social media on adolescence, and
addictiveness of social media in students. There are no published research studies where the
impact of social media was studied on students’ academic performance by taking their
personality traits, education level and gender all three together into consideration. So, in the
present study, the impact of social media will be evaluated on students’ academic performance
by taking their personality traits (extraversion and introversion), education level (undergraduate
and postgraduate) and gender (male and female) as moderating variables.

Social media has been found to have both positive and negative effects on the academic
performance of senior high school students. Some studies suggest that social media usage can
enhance scholastic achievements and lead to increased focus on their studies. However, other
studies have shown that social media can negatively impact students' academic performance. It
has been found that social media usage can lead to addiction, which in turn can affect students'
academic performance. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of social media to
the academic performance of students.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aimed to establish information on the impacts of social media to the academic
performances of students.

Speciafically,this study aimed to answer to the following questions:

1.What is the relationship between social media and academic performance of students?

2.Is there a significant realationship between the number of hours spent in media exposure and
the grade point average (GPA) of students?
3.What are the different social media apps that students use?

HYPOTHESIS

1.There is no significant realationship between social media and academic performance of

students?

2.There is no significant realationship between the number of hours spent in media exposure and
the grade point average (GPA) of students?

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This section deals with the theories and concepts related to the study.According to
Walberg's (1981) theory of educational productivity,is one of the few empirically tested theories
of school learning based on an extensive review and integration of over 3,000 studies
(DiPerna,Volpe & Stephen,2022).Wang Haertel and Walberge (1997) analyzed the content of
179 handbook chapters and reviews and 91 research syntheses and surveyed educational
researchers in an effort to achieve some consensus regarding the most significant influences on
learning ( Greenberg et a.,2003).
 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
This study is anchored on three variables: Independent variable, dependent variable, and
Mediating variable.

Mediating Variable

Time management skills

Distraction
Information Consumption

Social media Academic

usage Performance
Independent Variable Dependent Variable
 Elements/Factors
I. Time management
II. Distraction
III. Sleep Disruption
IV. Stress and Mental Health
V. Self Discipline

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The main objective of this study is to provide information about the impact of social
media on the academic perfomances of ABM students.This study also includes the students
personal information.This study is limited to 50 Grade 12 Male-Female ABM students.Enrolled
in the first semester S.Y. 2023-2024 of Victorias National High School.Each of the respondents
is given a questionnaire to answer.The students selected came from 4 different section to prevent
subjective perception.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Social networks are becoming more popular among students and are a new way of
spending free time and serve as a separate channel for finding the necessary information, both
educational and entertaining. Therefore, it is urgent to examine the question of what effect social
networks have on their users, in particular, how the use of social networks affects the academic
success of students. This study will discover this information, giving the researchers an
opportunity to explore and gain new knowledge. Furthermore, it can be used for future studies.

Though social media, as the name suggests, is expected to keep people connected,
probably this social connection is only superficial, and not adequately deep and meaningful to
help individuals feel emotionally attached to others. The psychological effects of social media on
student life need to be studied in more depth to see whether social media really acts as a social
support for students and whether students can use social media to cope with negative emotions
and develop positive feelings or not. In other words, knowledge of the potential effects of the
growing use of social media on students’ emotional well-being can bridge the gap between the
alleged promises of social media and what it actually has to offer to students in terms of self-
concept, self-respect, social role, and coping strategies (for stress, anxiety, etc.).

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Listed below are terms taken from this research,which the researcher believe,have to be
defined.This is necessary to allow the future readers of this research to easily understand the
contents of this research.

[ABM ] ACCOUNTANCY,BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT . Conceptually, this term

refers Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM) strand marries creativity, mathematical
application, and business sense to prepare the best business professionals of tomorrow.(Merriam-
Webster Dictionary) Operationally, this term refers about doing things right'. Those activities
which add value to products can be identified and improved.

[GPA]GENERAL POINT AVERAGE.Conceptually, this refers a weighted average of all the

course grades a student receives over a specific period of time (such as one semester) or over a
number of completed courses (such as an entire degree program).(Merriam-Webster Dictionary)
Operationally, this term refers a number representing the average value of the accumulated final
grades earned in courses over time.

Social Media. Conceptually, this term refers to the means of interactions among people in which
they create, share, and/or exchange information and ideas in virtual communities and networks.(
Merriam-Webster Dictionary) Operationally, this term refers a collective term for websites and
applications that focus on communication, community-based input, interaction, content-sharing
and collaboration.