SHS

Introduction to
the Philosophy of
the Human Person
Quarter 1 –Module 3:
Human Person as an Embodied
Spirit
Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Human Person as an Embodied Spirit
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Gil F. Macias

Editor: Lucia M. Sunga, EdD

Reviewer: Divilyn M. Rodriguez

Illustrator:

Layout Artist:

Management Team: Reynaldo M. Guillena

Basilio P. Mana-ay Jr.
Emma A. Camporedondo
Aris B. Juanillo
Alma C. Cifra
Amelia S. Lacerna

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 SHS
Introduction to
the Philosophy of
the Human Person
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Human Person as an Embodied
Spirit
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Grade 12 Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human

Person Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Human Person as an
Embodied Spirit!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed. and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Introduction to the Philosophy of Human Person Alternative

Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Human Person as an Embodied Spirit!

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often
used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an
active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.
At the end of this module you will also find:
References: This is a list of all sources used in
developing this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Do not forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do
not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you
are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful

learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do
it!
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you understand the human beings as embodied spirits. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to
follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them
can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The learners: (based on MELCs)

1.1 Recognize how the human body imposes limits and possibilities for
transcendence. (PPT11/12-lf-.1)
1.2 Evaluate their own limitations and the possibilities for their transcendence.
(PPT11/12-lf-.2)

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the human body from a different perspective;
2. explain man in terms of possibilities and limitations;
3. identify one’s own human limitations; and
4. realize how our limitations could lead to possibilities.

This module focuses on the topic Human Person as an Embodied Spirit,

which will be discussed for the whole week.
 What I Know

Activity 1

1. List all the things which you can do, while on the other side, the things that
you can’t.

I can I cannot
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5

2. Why do you think there are things that you can do and things that you
cannot? (5pts.)
___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Rubric:

Features Expert (5) Accomplished Capable Beginner

(4) (3) (2)
Content Very Somewhat Gives some Provides
informative informative new no
and well and information information
organized organized but poorly and poorly
organized organized
 Lesson
The Human Person as an
1 Embodied Spirit

What’s In?

Activity 2. Read the situations below and encircle the answer.

1. You want to reach the moon. Encircle the tool you need in order to reach it.

https://www.vectorstock.com https://www.cleanpng.com/ https://in.pinterest.com/

/

2. Maria wants to visit the place where Marina lives. For her to enjoy the journey, help
her find the right things to be used.

https://ph.lovepik.com/ https://www.nicepng.com https://www.dreamstime.com

/

Guide questions:

1. Based on the activity above, what things were used to achieve their goals?
(5pts.)
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________.

2. Is it necessary to use certain tools to achieve what they want? Why? (5pts.)
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Rubric:
Features Expert (5) Accomplished Capable Beginner
(4) (3) (2)
Content of Very informative Somewhat Gives some new Provides no
Text and well informative and information but information
organized organized. poorly organized with and very
poorly
organized

What’s New

Let us be familiar with the following terms before we proceed to our discussion.
Take note; make sure to remember these terms so that it would be easy for you to
understand the lesson. The following terms are related to the discussion of the
human person.

Man is the general term commonly used to refer

to the entire human race. Other related terms
include humanity, mankind, and human kind.

Human refers to man as a species - homo

sapiens sapiens. The term human being is also
used to distinguish man from other animals.

Person is a much more complex term that

generally refers to a human being granted
recognition of certain protections, responsibilities,
and dignity.

Human nature refers to the characteristics that

distinguish humans from all other creatures. These
traits are assumed to arise independently of the
influence of culture and society.
By Robert D. Abella,
 What is It

Introduction:
Before we will discuss the human body, let us first ask this question,
“What makes us human?” This is one of the many questions being asked by
men since then. Yet, no ultimate answers have ever been given to satisfy
everyone’s longing. Hence, understanding the totality of human being
remains a mystery. However, despite the limitations of the human mind, man
never stops in seeking the ultimate truth. In that search, philosophers had met
to the common denominator - “man is an embodied spirit.” It means man
has a body and a soul.
To deepen our understanding of man, we will use the ideas of Plato
and Aristotle. Then, we will compare their ideas. Answering the question what
is human may help us understand what a human body is.

Understanding Human Person as Embodied Spirit from Different Perspectives

A. Dualistic Point of View of Human Being

“The Body as Prison to the Soul.” - Plato in Phaedo

Human beings by nature are limited. This limitation is caused by having

our bodies. To understand the human person, Plato asserted that man is
composed of body and soul. However, man is a soul using a body. With this,
the relationship between the two is divided. For Plato, the body is material; it
cannot live and move, mutable and destructible. In contrast, the soul is
immaterial and can exist apart from the body. It exists before the body. When
we died, our physical body died while our soul continues to live. Hence, he
called the body the prison of the soul. Our body is treated as the coffin of the
soul and it can only be freed through death. Thus, the body limits the full
potentials of the soul. This doctrine is connected to Plato’s theory of Forms
where the material world (our world) is just a mere illusion while the Real-world
is found in the world of Ideas.

B. Union Between Body and Soul

Aristotle is a student of Plato. However, they do differ in their

understanding of man. Aristotle asserts that there is no division between the
body and the soul. The soul gives life to the body, while the body gives the
soul its material entity. Hence, the body and the soul are in the state of unity.
The soul “acts as the perfect realization of the body.” It is the soul that gives
life to the body. It can only possess life when it is united with the soul. Thus,
soul is the principle in life; it causes the body live. The body is matter to the
souls and the soul form to the body. Therefore, the two are inseparable. They
constitute man as a whole.

“The knowledge of the world commences by looking at and examining

what exists.” (Younkins, 2003) How do we know that the apple is red? We
know that the apple is red because our senses tell us so. We come to know
about the reality of the world because of our body. Without this body,
nothing will be known.

C. Man as a Rational Being

Man has a body. However, he is not only a walking body. Man is
equipped with rationality. According to Aristotle, rationality is what separates
man from all other animals. What makes us different from the animal is our
ability to think and reason out. By using this intellect, man can face complex
situations and even can overcome his own limitations.
Limitations of Man

This part will lead you to the topic of the weaknesses, imperfection, and
limitations and how he could overcome these restraints in his being. Having a
body, we could conclude that it limits man from fulfilling his full potentials. It is
indeed based on our experience. By nature, man is limited. This line of
thought shares to the Platonic ideas about the tension between the body
and the soul. Having a body is equivalent to having a lot of limitations. (Sioco,
M.,Vinzons, I., 2016) Man’s limitation can be attributed to the human body
from the acquisition of knowledge to our physiological aspects.

a. Facticity - It refers to the quality or state of being a fact. (Merriam-

Webster Dictionary, 2020). These are the things in our life that are already
given. It points-out to the things in our life that are already given like our life,
gender, parents, and status in life. At times we use our facticity as an excuse
for our difficulties and failures. We don’t dream big because we think we are
born from a poor parent. We are afraid to speak up because we are women.
John Locke once said, “so far, man has the power to think or not, to move or
not, according to the preference of his mind.” With this, despite our facticity,
we have the power to define who we are and who we are to be.

b. Spatial-Temporal Being- Because of our body, we are limited by space

and time. At times, we are too engrossed in our past or very anxious about
what will happen to us. We failed to see the significance of the present.
Because of time, our body has limits. The time comes when we leave our
bodies. But do we let this thinking hinder us from enjoying life itself?

c. The Body as Intermediary- The word intermediary means an

intermediate agent or agency; a go-between or mediator (Dictionary, 2020).
Our body serves as an intermediary between us and the physical world. It
imposes limitations concerning communication and expression. We
communicate with others using words. But words are limited. We cannot tell
other people what we have in mind or what we feel. When we say I miss you,
I love you and I care for you, does it capture the feelings right now? Words
are limited so is our body.

Possibilities and Transcendence

Transcendence is the quality of being transcendent. According to

Merriam Webster Dictionary, transcendent means exceeding usual limits,
surpassing, or extending or lying beyond ordinary experience. Man, though
limited, can overcome his own limit. Unlike the bird which can fly because of
its wings, man can do the same. By using his intellect, he can innovate, invent
and recreate to surpass his limitation.
 What’s More

Activity 3. Matching Type

Directions: Match Column A to the correct answers in Column B. Write only
the letter of answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Column A Column B

1. It refers to man as a species-homo sapiens a. Aristotle

sapiens. b. embodied
2. Aristotle said, “soul is _______.” c. facticity
3. He described man as soul imprisoned in the d. human
body. e. immortal
4. He believed that there is union between the f. intellect
body and the soul. g. man
5. It allows us to overcome our limitations. h. Plato
6. It describes man as someone who dies sooner or i. spatial-temporal
later. being
7. This quality makes man above the animals. j. trancendence
8. It means man has a body.
9. It is something that man cannot change.
10. It is commonly used to refer to the entire human
race.
 What I Have Learned

Activity 4. Picture Analysis

Directions: Describe the picture below and relate your answers to our lesson
regarding man as a limited being. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

1. Man gets hungry

http://clipart-library.com

2.
Man and his final end

http://clipart-
library.com/clipart/RkiK4XLcj.htm

3. Man’s understanding of the Universe

https://pixabay.com

Rubric:
Features Expert (5) Accomplished Capable Beginner
(4) (3) (2)
Content of Very informative Somewhat Gives some new Provides no
Text and well informative and information but poorly information with
organized organized. organized and very poorly
organized
 What I Can Do

Activity 5. As a human being, you have experienced your own

shortcomings and limitations in life. Describe these limitations by
using the categories below and think of ways on how to
overcome them.

Categories Describe your What can you do

present status on that to transcend from
certain condition. your own
limitations?
e.g. e.g. e.g.
my grades last school My grades last year were In order to improve
year low. my grades, I will study
my lessons faithfully.
1. Family Financial
status
2. Leadership Skills

3. Your sex as male or

female
4. Your age

5. Your physical
appearance (color,
weight, etc...)

Rubric:
Features Expert (5) Accomplished Capable Beginner
(4) (3) (2)
Content of Very informative Somewhat Gives some new Provides no
Text and well informative and information but poorly information with
organized organized. organized and very poorly
organized
 Assessment

Part I. True or False: Write true if the statement is true; write False if otherwise.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

_______ 1. The soul is immortal.

_______ 2. Man is a rational being.

_______ 3. Human being has unlimited possibilities.

_______ 4. Embodied spirit means having a body and soul.
_______ 5. Aristotle believes that the soul is imprisoned in our bodies.

Part II. Essay

1. What is the idea of Plato and Aristotle about man? (5pts.)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. How do Plato and Aristotle describe man’s limitations and possibilities?
(5pts.)

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Rubric:
Features Expert (5) Accomplished Capable Beginner
(4) (3) (2)
Content of Very informative Somewhat Gives some new Provides no
Text and well informative and information but poorly information with
organized organized. organized and very poorly
organized
 Additional Activity

You were a script writer. The director instructed you to make a story about
the human body, its limitation, and possibilities. The challenge now is to make
your presentation understandable to everyone. Write your story in a verbatim form.

Your Title
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Rubric:

Features Outstanding Satisfactory Needs Unsatisfactory

(5pts) (4pts) Improvement (3pts) (2pts)
Content - Content - Content is - Content is not - Content is
is comprehensive, accurate and comprehensive. incomplete.
accurate, and persuasive. - Major points are - Major points
persuasive. - Major points are addressed, but not well are not clear.
- Major points are stated. supported.
stated clearly and
are well supported.

Activity 3. Matching Type
1. D
2. E
3. H
4. A
5. J
6. I
7. F
8. B
9. C
10. G
What I have Learned
(Possible answers)
Activity 3. Picture Analysis
1. In order to satisfy his
hunger, man will find ways
on how to get food from the
tree.
2. All of us are chained by
our own limitations.
However, we have the
capacity to break this chain.
3. Although man is a
thinking being, he still has a
limited mind to understand
the mystery of the universe.
Additional Activity
Note:
The script made by the
students may vary. So as
long as their script is
focused on the theme,
their work is in the right
track. Kindly use the
rubrics for your guide.
What’s In
Activity 2
1. rocket
2. diving vest
Essay- Possible Answer
1. They use tools and other
instrument to achieve their
desired goal.
2. It is necessary to use tools
and equipment because man
by nature is limited. In order
to fill-in that gap, he used
those instruments.
Answer Key
Assessment
Part I:
1. TRUE
2. TRUE
3. TRUE
4. TRUE
5. FALSE
Part II:
1. According to Plato, man is
composed of body and of
soul. But there is dichotomy
between the two. The body
imprisoned and limits the
soul.
According to Aristotle, man
is composed of body and
soul. There is union between
the body and the soul.
2. In terms of limitations and
possibilities
According to Plato, because
of our body, our soul
becomes limited.
According to Aristotle,
because of our body, we
have knowledge about the
world.
What I Know
Activity 1
1. Possible answers: I can…
walk, talk, think, sing, eat,
drink
Possible Answers: I can’t…
fly, breathe in the water,
jump 10 feet,
2. Why do you think there
are things that you can do
and things that you cannot?
- As human beings, we have
talents and skills but we also
have weaknesses and
limitation.
References:
Abella, R. (2016). Introduction to the philosophy of human person. Quezon City:
C & E Publishing, Inc.
Basin. Retrieved August 18, 2020, from https://m.lovepik.com/ph/image-
401720976/basin.html
Broom Stick. Retrieved August 18, 2020, from
https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vectors/broom-cartoon-old-
vectors
Car. Retrieved August 18, 2020, from
https://in.pinterest.com/pin/568649890448529024/
Caraan, A. (2016). Introduction to the philosophy of human person. Makati City:
Diwa Learning System INC
Dive Vest. Retrieved August 18, 2020, from https://www.dreamstime.com/stock-
illustration-diving-snorkel-goggles-vector-drawing-modern-frogman-pipe-
spectacle-isolated-white-backdrop-freehand-outline-ink-hand-drawn-
image85608151
Facticity. In Merriam-Webster. Retrieved from https://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/facticity
Hand Tied. Retrieved August 18, 2020, from
https://www.dreamstime.com/royalty-free-stock-images-man-s-hand-tied-
limitation-rope-image27749309
Intermediary. In Dictionary. Retrieved from
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/intermediary
Life saver. Retrieved August 18, 2020, from
http://www.clipartpanda.com/clipart_images/cartoon-life-preserver-vector-
56643630
Rocket. Retrieved August 18, 2020, from https://www.cleanpng.com/png-rocket-
free-content-spacecraft-clip-art-cartoon-ro-198678/
Sioco, M.,&Vinzons, I. (2016). Introduction to the philosophy of the human person.
Quezon City. Vibal Group, Inc.
Telescope. Retrieved August 18, 2020, from
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/187251296990319598/?nic_v2=1a7wWzZ86
Tree. Retrieved August 18, 2020, from https://www.shutterstock.com/image-
vector/man-plucking-fruits-tree-vector-illustration-145014196
Younkins, E (2003, November 22). Aristotle, human flourishing, and the limited
state. Retrieved from http://www.quebecoislibre.org/031122-11.htm