TPC6
Association
The Aviation Industry - “AVI” meaning bird.
ICAO - International Civil Aviation Organization
General Aviation - All civil aviation operations
Commercial Aviation - Operating aircraft for hire
MILITARY AVIATION - using military aircraft
History of Aviation
April 4, 1909 - First air travel in Philippine
Aviation
November, 1783 - First successful hot air
balloon was (Joseph and Jacques Montgolfier)
Zeppelins – Airship used for both military and
commercial purposes.
Leonardo Da Vinci – influenced aviation
development (flying machines)
Planes - were used for economic/ tourism
development
Significance of Air Transportation
1. To remove the distance created by
space
2. Supports human activities
3. Cannot be undermined in tourism
Categories of Aircraft
Acrobatic airplanes - Performs aerobatics or
special stunts, such as rolls and loops
Commuter Airplanes - 19 or fewer passengers,
typically used for short- distance travel to and
from small airports with short runways
 (IATA) - International Air Transport
- most organized
- mission to represent, lead, and
serve the airline industry
CITY PROVINCE CITY/AIRPORT CODE
1. BSO – Basco \ BATANES
2. CRK – Clark \ PAMPANGA
3. MNL – Manila \ NCR
4. MPH – Caticlan \ AKLAN
5. ILO – Iloilo \ ILOILO
6. DVO – Davao \ DAVAO
7. CGY – Cagayan de Oro \ MISAMIS
ORIENTAL
8. SUG – Siargao \ SURIGAO DEL NORTE
9. ZAM – Zamboanga \ Zamboanga del Sur
Economic significance of IATA – set gross fares
that are considered the most expensive fares for
international routes
INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION
- UN Specialized agency
- tasked to formulate policies
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES
1. Safety
2. Air navigation capacity and efficiency
3. Security and facilitation
4. Economic development of air transport
5. Environmental protection
Importance of ICAO to Aviation
 Aircraft accident investigation
 Prevent similar accidents in the future
ICAO - developed a methodology to compute
carbon dioxide emission from air travel.
-More connected with ensuring the safety
of the airline industry.
-Set international standards for airport
security.
CIVIL AERONAUTICS BOARD (Philippine
Regulatory boards) - Philippine Government
Agency with a mandate to ensure the economic
well-being of air transportation in the country.
Ensure that the domestic airlines offer fairly
priced airfare.
AIR PASSENGER BILL OF RIGHTS
-stipulates the obligation of airlines to their
passengers, such as amenities to be provided in
case of delays, compensation for bumping
passengers in case of overbooking, and others
passenger rights.
- certificates of public convenience and
necessity to operate for domestic airlines
- foreign air carrier’s permit (for international
airlines)
- issues letter of authority to cargo forwarders
- involves air negotiation (countries come to an
agreement regarding the traffic or the
maximum number of passengers they can carry
between them for a given period.
CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY OF THE
PHILIPPINES
- Tasked to secure a technical and operational
aspects of the airline industry
- Responsibility for the maintenance of airports
- Tasked to ensure the safety of air travel in the
Philippines
- Counterpart of LTO, licensing office
AIRLINES are the main movers in the aviation
industry.
TYPES of Air Carriers or Airlines
1. Domestic – operate within the same country
(shorter distance, less expensive fares)
2. Regional Airlines – operate within a
geographical region (airlines that operate
outside their country but within the Asian
region)
3. International Airlines – flying time is more
than 7 hours (long-haul routes)
Classification of Commercial Airlines
1. Legacy/ heritage of full-service Airlines (full-
service carriers)
2. Low – cost airlines
3. Air Taxis or Air Charters (for private functions)
4. Boutique airlines – mostly small jets (gateway
to high – end destinations)
FLAG carriers – traditionally are government
owned, carry the flag of the country where they
are registered.
TRAVEL AND TOURISM VOCABULARY WORDS
Journey- an act of traveling from one place to
another
Voyage – a journey to some distant place
Trek – any long or difficult trip
Globetrotter- someone who travels widely and
often
Air B & B – Air bed and breakfast
R & R - rest and recreation
ETA – estimated time of arrival
Pax – refers to the number of passengers, can
also be number of guests, diners or
participants
Direct Flight – a passenger does not change
planes and have only one flight
Connecting Flights – two 0r more subsequent
flight/ change of planes going to your
destination
Jetsetter – a rich person who travels for
pleasure
VISA – Visitors International Stay Admission
Coach class flight – economy class, coach class,
steerage
Turbulence – atmospheric instability
GPS – global positioning system
Airport code – International three – digit code
to identify airports worldwide (eg. Manila MNL)
Babymoon – relaxing holiday for couples before
the birth of their child
Backpacker – traveler who travels light and
carries all the luggage in a rucksack
Base fare – the price of a ticket or travel service
before taxes are applied
Blackout dates – holidays or peak seasons
Boutique Hotel – a generally small – sized hotel
focused on a stylish interior with decorations
and artworks
Familymoon – post – wedding holiday joined by
the children of the newly-weds
First- Class – most expensive and luxurious class
within a train and airplane
Flashpacker – backpacker with a larger budget
that wants to travel with more comfort
Glamping – camping with the level of luxury
some holiday homes would offer
Itinerary – travel route or list of activities that
are planned ahead
Shoulder season – the season between the
touristic high season and the low touristic
season
Worldschooling – education of children by
exposing them to foreign cultures, nature
and history by traveling to these places
Layover – a period of rest or waiting before a
further stage in a journey
TOURISM TRANSPORTATION
- one of the most utilized services in the travel
and tourism
industry
-go beyond their primary service
- create a memorable experience before their
passengers arrive at their destination
FACTORS that set tourist transport APART from
passenger transport sectors
1. SEASONALITY (peak season/ lean
seasons)
2. PRICE ELASTICITY (High transportation
cost = decrease in demand)
3. HIGH CAPITAL INTENSIVE
TOURISM TRANSPORT CATEGORIES
1. INDEPENDENT MEANS OF TRAVEL
(Tourists who individually book their
trips)
2. MASS TRAVEL (organized group tour)
coaches/ flights
TYPES OF TOURISM TRANSPORT
- General passenger transport
- Dedicated tourist transport (tour packages)
- Experiential Tourist Transport (Kalesa in Vigan
or Intramuros)
- Luxury Tourist Transport – designed to offer
high-quality
service and a comfortable travel experience TRANSPORTATION
- Recreational Transport – Safari vehicles (fun  Movement of goods and people from
transport experience) place to place
 To carry passengers, that is, the tourists
- Multi-Purpose tourist transport (motorhomes,
to the actual site where tourism
RV trailers, campervans, rotels (rolling hotels)
services are performed
FACTORS influencing TOURISM TRANSPORT  One major operating sector in the
SELECTION hospitality industry
 Enables trade, commerce and
1. Distance
communication that establish
2. Schedule (departure/ arrival) civilization
3. Frequency (not waiting too long)
4. Availability (more choices) HISTORY of Transport
5. Speed -international trade ancient times, foot
coverings, skis and snowshoes lengthened the
6. Safety and Security distances that could be traveled
7. Convenience HUMAN FOOT – basic means of travel
8. Unique Experience  Roads
9. Route (longer stopover)  Rails
 Water
TOURISM TRANSPORT considerations  Air
1. Cost  Space
2. Status & Prestige Maritime Transportation – most important
transportation
Transportation – one component of a tour
package sold by both tour operators and
travel agents
examples: PALakbayan tours 2023
Swing Around
 Terminal – built structure that provides
passengers with smooth transfers from and to
Modes of Transportation
major modes of transportation such as airlines,
1. Land buses and ferries.
2. Water
 Point of interchange (connecting flights)
3. Air
 Point of transport
TOURISM – activities of people traveling to

and staying in places outside their usual

Two Functions:
environment.
 Facilitate transfer or interchanging
(Work, family, health, relaxation) modes
 Consolidate traffic
Components of Transportation System
Control and Communication Systems
 Surface includes LAND and WATER
 Increase ownership of automobiles  Systems are ways to ensure the safety
 Point-to-point pick up and drop – off of the
 Water Transport (sailing w/ the wind)  passengers by monitoring the take-off
Steam power and
 Air – decreases travel time  landing of the aircraft
 ROADS (traffic lights, speed limit)
Elements of Transportation System
 Water transport (navigation systems)
 The WAY – open AIR and SEA travel  Arrival
 Natural media (SEA ROUTES)  Departure
 Artificial media (ROADS/ RAILWAYS)  Delays
 The VEHICLES – they serve as media or
units that carry people to their
destination.
 (aircraft, trains, ships, or motor
coaches)
 “CARRYING UNIT” most essential H
element of the transport system