PSAD – CELE May 2022

Problems Situation 3 – The figure shown below shows the stresses in an

Situation 1 – A simply supported girder of a bridge spans 25 m. element and the corresponding Mohr’s circle. Points A and B
The standard truck load (H load) consists of two moving represent the stresses on the x-face and on the y-face of the
loads which is 71.2 kN and 17.8 kN, 4.3 meters apart. element respectively.
1. Calculate the maximum support reaction. Stresses:
A. 85.94 kN C. 3.06 kN a = 60 MPa, b = -30 MPa, c = 15 MPa, τxy = 40 MPa
B. 76.75 kN D. 12.25 kN 7. How much is the principal stress in MPa?
2. Calculate the maximum moment in the girder. A. 60 C. 75
A. 445.00 kN-m C. 556.25 kN-m B. 65 D. 70
B. 518.65 kN-m D. 517.98 kN-m 8. What is the value of the normal axial stress σy in MPa?
3. Calculate the maximum shear at midspan. A. 60 C. 50
A. 44.50 kN C. 41.44 kN B. 45 D. 30
B. 85.94 kN D. 42.97 kN 9. Find the maximum in plane shear stress in MPa.
A. 50 C. 30
Situation 2 – Beam ABCDE is to be analyzed for maximum forces B. 45 D. 60
at ultimate conditions. The beam is simply supported at A, B,
C, D and E. τ
Factored loads: σy σx
Dead load = 15 kN/m σy
Live load = 19 kN/m
Dimension:
L=8m τxy
4. Determine the maximum shear at B. σ σx
A. 164.50 kN C. 157.05 kN τxy
B. 167.08 kN D. 165.10 kN
τxy
5. Determine the maximum reaction at D.
A. 224.10 kN C. 323.06 kN
B. 228.82 kN D. 354.07 kN
6. Determine the maximum positive moment at span AB.
A. 249.34 kN-m C. 161.66 kN-m
B. 195.22 kN-m D. 189.49 kN-m Situation 4 – A ceiling weighing 540 N is supported by 3 cables
as shown below. An isosceles triangle is formed with two
angles equal to 60°.
CONTINUOUS BEAM – FOUR EQUAL SPANS – THIRD-SPAN UNLOADED
Given L = 1.5 m; y = 56 cm
wl wl wl
10. What is the tension in cable B?
A B C D E A. 175 N C. 170 N
B. 180 N D. 165 N
l l l

11. What is the tension in cable C?

SHEAR
A. 175 N C. 170 N
B. 180 N D. 165 N
MOMENT 12. What is the elongation in cable A if E = 200 MPa and the
cross-sectional area of the cable is 20 mm2?
A. 22.5 mm C. 21.2 mm
CONTINUOUS BEAM – FOUR EQUAL SPANS – LOAD FIRST & THIRD SPAN B. 20.2 mm D. 25.2 mm
wl wl

A B C D E
l l l A

SHEAR C

MOMENT

B
CONTINUOUS BEAM – FOUR EQUAL SPANS – ALL SPAN LOADED

wl wl wl wl Situation 5 – A footing 2 m wide by 2 m long and 0.45 m thick

A B C D E
carries a square column 400 mm × 400 mm on its center.
l l l Given
Dimension:
SHEAR Effective depth of footing, d = 0.35 m
Strength:
MOMENT
Concrete strength, fc’ = 28 MPa
Reinforcing steel, fy = 415 MPa
Allowable stresses at ultimate loads:
Two way action shear = 1.76 MPa
Wide beam shear = 0.88 MPa

Prepared by: Engr. Jobert S. De la Cruz, CE

PSAD – CELE May 2022
13. Based on two-way action shear, what is the allowable axial
load (kN) at ultimate condition? P
A. 1848 C. 2053
B. 1828 D. 1612

L 100 × 100 × 8
14. Based on wide beam shear, what is the allowable axial load
(kN) at ultimate condition?
A. 1848 C. 2053
B. 1828 D. 1612
Gusset
15. The design moment at ultimate loads at the face of the
column is 300 kN-m. How many 20 mmm diameter bars are L1 L2
required?
A. 5 C. 9
B. 8 D. 7

Situation 6 – The pile cap shown in the figure supports a 600- 19. How much is the maximum tensile capacity (kN) of the
mm square column. angle?
Given A. 438 C. 236
Dimensions: B. 263 D. 348
a = 0.6 m; b = 2.4 m 20. Determine the minimum length L2 (mm).
Effective depth, d= 650 mm A. 433 C. 465
Diameter of pile = 350 mm B. 474 D. 456
Strength: 21. Determine the minimum length L2 (mm) when a weld size of
Ultimate pile capacity = 280 kN 5 mm is added at the end of the angle?
Loads: A. 456 C. 465
Column axial loads: B. 474 D. 433
D = 420 kN; L = 360 kN; E = 210 kN
Column earthquake Load, ME = 160 kN-m Situation 8 – Refer to the truss shown:
Strength Reduction Factors Given:
0.75 for Shear Dimensions:
0.90 for Moment s = 1.5 m
Load combinations: h=3m
D + L: U = 1.2D + 1.6L Wind loads:
D + L + E U = 1.32D + 1.1L + 1.1E P1 = 13 kN
16. Determine the maximum beam shear stress (MPa) in the pile P2 = 6.5 kN
cap. P2
A. 0.233 MPa C. 0.311 MPa P1
B. 0.350 MPa D. 0.467 MPa P1 C
17. Determine the punching shear stress (MPa) on the column. P1 O Q
A. 0.291 MPa C. 0.309 MPa
N R
B. 0.218 MPa D. 0.388 MPa P2 M h
18. Determine the punching shear stress (MPa) on the most S
heavily loaded pile.
A. 0.179 MPa C. 0.089 MPa A B
B. 0.134 MPa D. 0.067 MPa H G E D I K L

a b a
s s s s s s s s
22. What is the reaction (kN) at the pin support?
a A. 23.25 C. 27.42
B. 14.53 D. 20.12
23. What is the reaction (kN) at the roller support?
A. 31.98 C. 27.42
B. 0 D. 20.12
b 24. How much is the force on member CD if a vertical load if 27.5
kN is applied at joint C?
A. 0 C. 27.5 (T)
B. 27.5 (C) D. 25.7 (T)
a
Situation 9 – An 18 m precast pile is being lifted. Its left end is
laid on the ground while it is supported at 3 m from the right
end. The weight of the pile is 15 kN/m.
Situation 7 – The line of action of the force P coincides with the 25. How much is the resulting maximum positive moment (kN-
axis of the angle which is at a distance x = 29 mm from the m) due to its weight?
back of the connected length. A. 270.0 C. 67.5
Properties of one angle 100 mm × 100 × 8 mm B. 388.8 D. 75.6
Area, A = 1770 mm² 26. At what equal distance (m) from the ends should the pile be
Yield strength, Fy = 248 MPa lifted so that the resulting maximum bending stress is the
Allowable weld shear stress, Fvw = 93 MPa least possible?
Weld thickness, tw = 6 mm A. 3.73 C. 2.73
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Prepared by: Engr. Jobert S. De la Cruz, CE

PSAD – CELE May 2022
B. 4.50 D. 3.50 B. 415 D. 451
27. At what equal distance (m) from the ends should the pile be 32. How much is the maximum load P (kN) based on bolt
lifted so that the resulting maximum shear stress is the least bearing?
possible? A. 2484 C. 1357
A. 3.73 C. 2.73 B. 1794 D. 2160
B. 4.50 D. 3.50 33. How much is the maximum load P (kN) based on tensile
capacity of the plate?
Situation 10 – Refer to the figure below. A. 1511 C. 1125
Given: B. 1155 D. 1521
L = 10 m
w 15 kN/m
w Situation 12 – A tied column 450 mm square is reinforced with
8-28 mm ϕ equally distributed on its side. The unsupported
length of the column is 2.6 m and is prevented to sidesway
due to shear walls. Effective length factor, k = 1.0. Diameter
A B of the lateral reinforcement is 12 mm.
Given:
x1 x2 x1 Concrete Strength, fc’ = 20.7 MPa
Steel Yield Strength, fy = 415 MPa
L Clear Concrete Cover = 40 mm
Modulus of Elasticity of steel, Es = 200 GPa
28. What is the value of x2 (m) so that the maximum moment is 34. Determine the nominal load (kN) that the column could
the least possible? carry.
A. 2.07 C. 2.50 A. 5520 C. 5250
B. 5.68 D. 5.86 B. 4416 D. 4164
29. What is the value of x1 (m) if the moment at the midspan is 35. Determine the balanced load (kN).
zero? A. 1435 C. 1534
A. 2.07 C. 2.50 B. 1785 D. 1875
B. 5.68 D. 5.86 36. Determine the balanced moment (kN-m).
30. What is the value of x1 (m) so that the maximum shear is least A. 404 C. 440
possible? B. 468 D. 486
A. 2.07 C. 2.50
B. 5.68 D. 5.86
Situation 13 – Refer to arc shown.
Situation 11 – The figure shown is a steel connection of a tension Given:
member. r = 1 m; θ = 30°; α = 45°
Given: P1 = 1.8 kN; P2 = 0.9 kN; P3 = 0.45 kN
Dimensions: P2
Bolt diameter = 20 mm
Bolt hole diameter = 23 mm
Plate thickness, t = 25 mm P3
Plate width, W = 300 mm
Strength: P1
Fy = 250 MPa; Fu = 400 MPa
Bolt shear, Fvb = 120 MPa
Plate shear, Fvp = 138 MPa
Bolt bearing, Fpb = 480 MPa
s1 s2 s2 s1 A B
r r
37. Determine the resultant (kN) of the forces acting on the arc.
A. 1.24 C. 2.14
s1 B. 2.12 D. 2.45
38. Determine the vertical reaction (kN) at B.
s3 W A. 0 C. 2.20
B. 1.07 D. 1.13
P P
39. Determine the horizontal reaction (kN) at B.
s3 A. 0 C. 2.20
B. 1.07 D. 1.13
s1
Situation 14 – The portable seat shown is subjected with a load
P = 2100 N and is braced by a cable. The coefficient of friction
t P at A and B, μs = 0.20.
t
Given:
P a = 0.25 m; b = 0.25 m; c = 0.5 m; w = 0.9 m; x = 0.6 m

31. How much is the maximum load P (kN) based on bolt shear?
A. 339 C. 393
3

Prepared by: Engr. Jobert S. De la Cruz, CE

PSAD – CELE May 2022

x P Specific gravity of cement = 3.15

Specific gravity of fine aggregates = 2.64
D E Water (net mixing) = 220 kg/m³
Unit weight of Coarse aggregate = 16.5 kN/m³
Volume of rodded coarse aggregate = 0.65 m³ per cu.m. of
c concrete
Unit weight of concrete = 23.6 kN/m³
C 46. Determine the weight (kN) of water.
A. 5.91 C. 2.61
b B. 2.16 D. 5.19
47. Determine the required weight (kN) of dry sand.
flexible cable
F G A. 2.16 C. 5.91
a
A B B. 2.61 D. 5.19
48. Determine the total excess water (kg) if the sand has 5%
excess moisture and the coarse aggregate has 2% excess
w moisture.
A. 25 C. 47
40. Determine the reaction (N) at E. B. 52 D. 66
A. 1400 C. 1200
B. 700 D. 800 Situation 17 – A prestressed concrete beam 350 mm × 450 mm
41. What is the minimum tension (N) in the cable FG so that the in cross-section has a simple span of 10 m.
seat remains at rest? Given
A. 3050 C. 4600 Stresses at midspan due to loads:
B. 3500 D. 4060 Compression = 4.0 MPa
42. Determine the reaction (N) at A so that the seat remains at Tension = 4.0 MPa
rest?. Stresses due to prestressing force:
A. 756 C. 714 Compression = 3.46 MPa
B. 657 D. 741 Tension = 0.72 MPa
49. Determine the maximum stress (MPa) at the bottom fiber
Situation 15 – The signage shown is b × d = 2.4 m × 1.0 m. due to the loads and prestress. Loss of prestress = 20%.
Given: A. -1.23 C. -1.22
x = 0.4 m; h = 8 m B. +1.23 D. +1.22
Diameter of the pole = 150 mm 50. What is the additional moment (kN-m) so that the stress at
Wind pressure applied on the signage, q = 1.67 kPa the bottom fiber is zero? Loss of prestress = 20%.
A. 14.55 C. 27.71
B. 15.44 D. 29.49
51. What is the maximum super imposed uniform load (N/m) if
the allowable tensile stress is 2.0 MPa and the allowable
compressive stress is 4.0 MPa? Loss of prestress = 20%.
A. 627 C. 544
B. 267 D. 627

Situation 18 – The beam shown has the following data:

Beam, b × h = 350 mm × 550 mm
Slab thickness = 100 mm
Reinforcement at the top of the beam: 3-28 mm ϕ
Reinforcement at the top of the beam: 5-28 mm ϕ
Lateral ties: 12 mm ϕ
Concrete covering = 40 mm
Concrete strength, fc’ = 28 MPa
Allowable shear strength of concrete = 0.90 MPa
Steel yield strength
Longitudinal bar: fy = 415 MPa
fyv = 275 MPa
43. Determine the maximum shear stress (MPa) in the pole. Balanced steel ratio, ρb = 0.0288
A. 0.30 C. 0.38 The beam is 12 m in length and is simply supported at the
B. 0.29 D. 0.23 left end and at a point 3 m from the right end of the beam
44. Determine the maximum flexural stress (MPa) in the pole. 52. How much is the positive nominal moment capacity (kN-m)
A. 19.3 C. 13.9 of the beam.
B. 128.0 D. 102.8 A. 468.37 C. 520.41
45. Determine the torsional shear stress (MPa) in the pole. B. 335.76 D. 302.19
A. 7.30 C. 2.4 53. How much is the negative nominal moment capacity (kN-m)
B. 9.70 D. 4.2 of the beam.
A. 468.37 C. 520.41
Situation 16 – The basic proportioning trial batches for normal B. 335.76 D. 302.19
weight concrete with an average compressive strength of 28 54. Calculate the maximum uniform load (kN/m) that the beam
MPa at 28 days are as follows: could support based on shear. The lateral ties are spaced at
slump = 7 mm to 100 mm 100 mm on centers.
Water-cement ratio = 0.45
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Prepared by: Engr. Jobert S. De la Cruz, CE

 PSAD – CELE May 2022
A. 33.76 C. 85.30
B. 21.13 D. 25.16 where Ao shall be determined by analysis except that it shall be
t permitted to take Ao equal to 0.85Aoh; θ shall not be taken smaller
than 30 degrees nor larger than 60 degrees. It shall be permitted to
take θ equal to:
h
(a) 45 degrees for nonprestressed members or members
with less prestress than in (b); or
(b) 37.5 degrees for prestressed members with an effective
prestress force not less than 40 percent of the tensile
b strength of the longitudinal reinforcement.

Situation 19 – Refer to the given code. 4. The additional area of longitudinal reinforcement to resist torsion,
From load analysis, the following factored design forces in a Al, shall not be less than:
girder are obtained:
Mu = 440 kN-m At fyt
Vu = 280 kN Al = ph ( ) cot2 θ
s fy
Tu = 180 kN-m
Given:
b × h = 400 mm × 500 mm 5. Minimum torsion reinforcement: Where torsional reinforcement
Concrete, fc’ = 29.7 MPa is required, the minimum area of traverse closed stirrups shall be
Lateral ties, fyv = 275 MPa computed by:
Longitudinal steel, fyl = 415 MPa
Concrete cover to the centroid of tension steel = 95 mm bw s
Concrete cover to the centroid of compression steel = 95 mm Av + 2At = 0.062 √f 'c
fyt
Steel ratio at balanced condition, ρb = 0.021
Allowable concrete shear stress at factored load = 0.76 MPa but shall not be less than (0.35bw s)/fyt
55. Which of the following gives the tensile reinforcement
(mm²) required for the factored moment , Mu? 6. Where torsional reinforcement is required, the minimum total area
A. 2200 C. 4200 longitudinal torsional reinforcement, Al, min, shall be computed by:
B. 3500 D. 2600
56. Which of the following gives the spacing (mm) of 12 mm
5√f'c Acp A fyt
diameter ties for the factored shear, Vu? Al,min = -( t ) ph
A. 75 C. 85 12fy s fy

B. 135 D. 150 Where At /s shall not be taken less than (1/6) bw /fyt ; fyt refers to
57. Which of the following gives the longitudinal reinforcement
closed transverse torsional reinforcement, and fy refers to
of (mm²) required for torsion, Tu? Assume 40 mm clear
cover to lateral reinforcement. longitudinal torsional reinforcement.
A. 3420 C. 2410
B. 1470 D. 4210 7. Spacing of torsion reinforcement: The spacing of transverse
torsion reinforcement shall not exceed the smaller of ph /8 or 300
FIGURE CODE – RC-005 mm.
The longitudinal reinforcement required for torsion shall be
1. Threshold torsion: For Nonprestressed members, it shall be distributed around the perimeter of the closed stirrups with a
permitted to neglect torsion effects if the factored torsional moment maximum spacing of 300 mm. the longitudinal bars or tendons shall
Tu is less than: be inside the stirrups. There shall be at least one longitudinal bar or
tendon in each corner of the stirrups spacing, but not less than a No.
1 Acp 2 10.
Tu < ∅ √f ′c ( )
12 Pcp

Where:
2. Torsional moment strength: The adequacy of solid sections under Acp - area enclosed by outside perimeter of concrete cross
combined shear and torsion shall be such that: section, mm2
Al - total area of longitudinal reinforcement to resist
Vu 2 Tu Ph 2 Vc 2 torsion, mm2
√( ) +( ) ≤ø[ + √f c ′ ] Ao - gross area enclosed by shear flow path, mm2
bw d 1.7Aoh bw d 3
Aoh - area enclosed by centerline of the outermost closed
3. Where Tu exceeds the threshold torsion, design of cross-section shall transverse torsional reinforcement, mm2
be based on: At - area of one leg of a closed stirrup resisting torsion
within spacing s, mm2
ø Tn ≥ Tu fyt - specified yield strength fy of transverse reinforcement, MPa
Pcp - outside perimeter of concrete cross section, mm,
2Ao At fyt ph - perimeter of centerline of outermost closed transverse
Tu = cot θ
s torsional reinforcement, mm

Prepared by: Engr. Jobert S. De la Cruz, CE