PSAD – CELE November 2021

Problems L1 L2 L3
Situation 1 – Refer to the figure below.
Given: W1 W2
P = 40 kN
R = 3.2 m
θ = 30°
Line AB is along the horizontal axis.
1. Find the maximum shear (kN).
A. 60 C. 30 L
B. 40 D. 20
2. Find the maximum bending moment (kN-m) at C. Situation 4 – A standard weight pipe column is subjected to the
A. 73.0 C. 47.2 following loads:
B. 110.8 D. 64.0 Axial Load = 450 kN
3. Find the maximum twisting moment (kN-m) at C. Moment = 35 kN-m
A. 64.0 C. 17.2 Given:
B. 73.9 D. 110.8 Column Properties
C Area = 5419 mm2
Moment of Inertia = 30×106 mm4
Outside Diameter = 219 mm
Inside Diameter = 202 mm
10. Calculate the maximum compressive stress (MPa) in the
A B column.
r A. 211 C. 83
B. 128 D. 45
11. Calculate the maximum tensile stress (MPa) in the column.
A. 211 C. 83
B. 128 D. 45
P 12. The design requires that there should be no tensile stress in
Situation 2 – A hollow circular pole, 3 m high, has an outside the pipe column due to the loads. How much should be the
diameter of 300 mm and a thickness of 6 mm. It is subjected pipe outside diameter (mm) if the available thickness is 8
to the following loads: mm?
1. Vertical load, P = 3 kN at an eccentricity of 100 mm A. 300 C. 318
from the centroid of the section. B. 310 D. 327
2. Lateral load, H = 0.45 kN at top of the pole.
The weight of the pole is 150 N/m. Situation 5 – Refer to the figure below.
4. Which of the following gives the maximum compressive Given:
stress (MPa) at the base of the pole due to the vertical loads? Dimensions
A. 1.50 C. 1.37 L1 = 1.8 m
B. 0.75 D. 0.62 L2 = 1.2 m
5. Which of the following gives the maximum tensile stress L3 = 1.8 m
(MPa) due to all loads? Rigid Bar AD = 100 mm wide × 12 mm thick
A. 0.62 C. 4.75 Strut BC = 80 mm wide × 10 mm thick
B. 4.13 D. 3.51 Allowable Bolt Shear Stress = 60 MPa
6. A solid pole 150 mm in diameter is used instead. Which of 13. What is the allowable load, W (kN) if the allowable
the following gives the maximum shear stress (MPa) at the compressive stress in the strut BC is 82 MPa?
base? A. 46.4 C. 27.8
A. 0.034 C. 0.045 B. 39.3 D. 65.6
B. 0.025 D. 0.012 14. Find the force (kN) in strut BC if the load W is 3.6 kN.
A. 3.5 C. 4.8
Situation 3 – Refer to the figure below. B. 8.5 D. 6.0
Given: 15. What is the minimum required bolt diameter (mm) at A, if
W1 = 200 kN/m the load W is 3.6 kN? Apply a factor of safety of 2.
W2 = 300 kN/m A. 25 C. 16
L1 = 2 m B. 12 D. 20
L2 = 3 m L1 L2
L3 = 2 m
A
7. How much is the total length, L (m) so that the resulting
stress, q is uniform. D
A. 10 C. 8 C
B. 9 D. 12 W
8. Which of the following gives the location (m) of the L3
maximum shear from the left end? TYPICAL CONNECTION

A. 5.0 C. 6.0
B. 4.5 D. 4.0
9. Which of the following gives the location of the point of B
inflection (m)?
A. 5.16 C. 6.28
B. 3.20 D. 1.24 Situation 6 – Refer to the figure below.
1

Prepared by: Engr. Jobert S. De la Cruz, CE

PSAD – CELE November 2021
The design of a beam yields the following: A. 1037 C. 1129
h1 = 110 mm B. 625 D. 840
h2 = 490 mm
bw = 375 mm ALLOWABLE STRESS
As’ = 3 of 28 mm diameter bars FOR COMPRESSION MEMBERS OF 248 MPA SPECIFIED YIELD
As = 5 of 28 mm diameter bars STRESS
Concrete Compressive Strength, fc’ = 34 MPa
Longitudinal Steel Yield Strength, fyl = 413 MPa
Lateral Ties Yield Strength, fyv = 275 MPa
Effective Cover to the Centroid of As = 75 mm
Shear Strength Reduction Factor = 0.75
16. Calculate the shear strength (kN) provided by 12 mm
diameter ties spaced at 100 mm center to center.
A. 735 C. 489
B. 163 D. 387
17. Calculate the shear strength (kN) provided by the concrete.
A. 154 C. 162
B. 195 D. 387
18. The beam is to be redesigned for a shear force of 455 kN.
Using 10 mm diameter ties spaced at 90 mm center to center,
how much is the required width (mm) of the beam?
A. 400 C. 375
B. 450 D. 250

h2

bw
Situation 8 – Refer to the figure below:
Given:
Situation 7 – Refer to the figure below. Beam Sections:
A steel column is fixed at the bottom and hinged at the top. b × h, for AD, BE, and CF = 250 mm × 400 mm
There is no sidesway. Girder Sections:
b × h, for ABC, and DEF = 350 mm × 600 mm
The concentric load that will cause initial buckling of a
column within the proportional limit is the Euler buckling Dimensions:
load, Pe: S = 3.0 m; L = 6.0 m
𝜋 2 𝐸𝐼 Concrete cover to centroid of reinforcement = 70 mm
𝑃𝑒 =
(𝐾𝐿)2
The buckling stress, fe: Concrete Compressive Strength, fc’ = 20.7 MPa
𝜋 2𝐸 Reinforcing Steel Yield Strength, fy = 275 MPa
𝑓𝑒 =
(𝐾𝐿/𝑟)2
The slenderness ratio = L/r Loads:
The effective Length factor, K = 0.8 Dead Load, D = 5.5 kPa (beam weight already included)
Given: Live Load, L = 4.8 kPa (all spans)
Column Properties Required Strength, U = 1.2D + 1.6L
A = 9,290 mm2 Strength Reduction Factor, ϕ = 0.75
Ix = 113.21×106 mm4 22. Which of the following gives the critical design shear stress
Iy = 38.88×106 mm4 (MPa) in beam BE?
d = 250 mm A. 1.85 C. 1.73
Es = 200,000 MPa B. 1.30 D. 2.08
Column Height = 8.0 m 23. Which of the following gives the shear strength, Vc (kN),
19. Determine the axial load (kN) that will cause initial buckling. provided by the concrete in beam BE?
A. 1874 C. 3492 A. 63.8 C. 77.3
B. 5456 D. 2447 B. 58.0 D. 47.8
20. Determine the buckling stress (MPa). 24. The shear reinforcement of beam BE consists of two legs of
A. 376 C. 202 10 mm diameter bars spaced at 150 mm center to center.
B. 263 D. 587 How much is the resulting shear strength, Vs (kN)?
21. Using the figure below, determine the allowable A. 71.7 C. 185.8
compressive load (kN) in the column. B. 247.7 D. 95.6

Prepared by: Engr. Jobert S. De la Cruz, CE

PSAD – CELE November 2021

L 29. Determine the load P (kN) based on the design flexural

strength of the beam, Vu;
A D Given:
Factored Shear Stress, vu = 0.6Fy
Resistance Factor for Shear, ϕv = 1.0
A. 971 C. 953
S B. 762 D. 1,061
30. At service load, the allowable midspan deflection due to live
load = 1/360 of the span. Determine P (kN) based on the
B E allowable deflection.
A. 134.5 C. 88.2
B. 73.5 D. 80.8
S Situation 11 – Refer to the figure below.
The shear diagram due to loads on a simply supported beam
is plotted as shown.
C F Given:
a=3m
b=6m
Situation 9 – A rectangular tubular column has the following c=3m
properties: 31. How much is the maximum span moment?
Nominal Width Along the X-axis = 100 mm A. 23.0 C. 34.5
Nominal Depth Along the Y-axis = 200 mm B. 33.0 D. 31.5
Wall thickness = 12 mm 32. What concentrated load at C will result to the given shear?
Area, A = 6,710 mm2 A. 11.5 C. 12.0
Sx = 308,076 mm3 B. 10.5 D. 10.0
Sy = 201,560 mm3 33. What is the reaction at the left support A?
25. Which of the following gives the radius of gyration (mm) of A. 12.0 C. 11.5
the section about the Y-axis? B. 10.0 D. 10.5
A. 77.5 C. 47.9
B. 38.8 D. 54.8
26. Which of the following gives the maximum tensile stress A B C D
a b c
(MPa) in the column given the following:
Axial Load, P = 320 kN RA RD
Eccentricity of Load, P, about the X-axis = 125 mm
Eccentricity of Load, P, about the Y-axis = 75 mm
A. 201.2 C. 276.4
B. 228.7 D. 248.9 shear (kN)
27. Find the maximum load, P (kN), based on an allowable diagram
compressive stress of 108 MPa given the following:
Eccentricity of Load, P, about the X-axis = 100 mm
Eccentricity of Load, P, about the Y-axis = 50 mm
A. 724.7 C. 615.2 Situation 12 – Refer to the figure below.
B. 149.6 D. 254.9 The eyebolt is subjected to three (3) forces, A, B, and C.
Given:
Situation 10 – A steel beam is simply supported on a span of 12 A = 6.0 kN
meters. B = 2.4 kN
Given: Angle, θ = 30°
Section: W410 mm × 100 kg/m 34. How much is the angle , β (degrees), if the resultant of the
Area, A = 12,710 mm2 three (3) forces acts along the Y-axis?
Depth, d = 410 mm A. 41.7 C. 48.3
Flange Width, bf = 260 mm B. 75.5 D. 14.5
Flange Thickness, tf = 17 mm 35. Given:
Web Thickness, tw = 10 mm C = 4.6 kN
Moment of Inertia, Ix = 397×106 mm4 Angle, β = 45°
Moment of Inertia, Iy = 49×106 mm4 How much is the resultant (kN) of the three (3) forces?
Modulus of Elasticity, E = 200 GPa A. 3.6 C. 2.4
Plastic Modulus, Zx = 2.13×106 mm3 B. 6.0 D. 4.8
Plastic Modulus, Zy = 0.58×106 mm3 36. The resultant of the three forces acts along the X-axis.
Loads Causing Bending about the Major X-axis Given:
Dead Load (Including beam weight) = 12 kN/m Resultant = 7.0 kN
Live Load at Midspan = P (kN) Angle, β = 45°
28. Determine the load P (kN) based on the design flexural How much is the force, C (kN)?
strength of the beam, Mu; A. 5.3 C. 12.2
Given: B. 1.8 D. 10.5
Resistance Factor for Flexure, ϕb = 0.90
Factored Load Combination, U = 1.2D + 1.6L
A. 134.8 C. 83.8
B. 52.4 D. 99.1
3

Prepared by: Engr. Jobert S. De la Cruz, CE

PSAD – CELE November 2021

Y 41. The 10 mm diameter ties are spaced at 100 mm on centers.

What is the shear strength (kN) provided by the shear
B reinforcement?
A. 181 C. 151
A B. 174 D. 159
42. What is the maximum allowable tie spacing (mm)?
A. 325 C. 300
C B. 340 D. 375
X

Situation 13 – Refer to the figure below.

A bin holds three cylinders, each weighing 1,200 N. The
diameter of each cylinder is 600 mm. Assume frictionless Situation 15 – Refer to the Fig. RC1.
surfaces. A three-span beam is simply supported at A, B, C, and D.
37. Which of the following gives the force (N) at point A? Given:
A. 1384 C. 1200 Span, l = 8.0 m
B. 693 D. 600 DL = 18 kN/m
38. Which of the following gives the reaction (N) at point D? LL = 11.5 kN/m
A. 1039 C. 0 43. How much is the maximum reaction (kN) at B?
B. 346 D. 693 A. 268.8 C. 209.0
39. Which of the following gives the reaction (N) at point G? B. 199.8 D. 259.6
A. 1296 C. 2400 44. How much is the maximum shear (kN) at B?
B. 1800 D. 1200 A. 143.2 C. 141.6
B. 140.0 D. 145.6
45. How much is the maximum moment (kN-m) at B?
A. 188.8 C. 208.0
B. 220.3 D. 201.1

Situation 16 – A simply supported beam has a span of 12 m. It

A B carries a total uniformly distributed load of 21.5 kN/m.
To prevent excessive deflection, a support is added at
midspan.
D C E 46. Calculate the reaction (kN) at the added support.
A. 96.75 C. 80.62
F G B. 161.25 D. 48.38
47. Calculate the resulting moment (kN-m) at the added
support.
A. 86.0 C. 64.5
w B. 258.0 D. 96.8
48. Calculate the resulting maximum positive moment (kN-m).
Situation 14 – Refer to the figure below. A. 77.4 C. 54.4
A continuous beam is reinforced as shown. B. 96.8 D. 108.8
Given:
As = 8-20 mm diameter bars Situation 17 – The figure below shows a highway bridge truss.
As’ = 4-20 mm diameter bars Given:
ds = 10 mm s=4m
b = 350 mm h=5m
h1 = 100 mm 49. Find the maximum ordinate of the influence line for member
h2 = 400 mm FG.
a = 45 mm A. 0.50 C. 0.60
Concrete, fc’ = 34 MPa B. 1.0 D. 0.75
Longitudinal Steel, fyl = 413 MPa 50. Due to uniformly distributed highway lane load, which
Transverse Ties, fyv = 275 MPa length of the bridge should be loaded for maximum
Clear Concrete Cover = 40 mm compressive stress at member FG?
40. Calculate the shear strength (kN) provided by the concrete. A. 10 C. 12
A. 131 C. 93 B. 14 D. 16
B. 157 D. 144 51. For maximum stress at member FG, where should a
concentrated highway load be located (m) from support at
A?
A. 0 C. 6.0
4

Prepared by: Engr. Jobert S. De la Cruz, CE

PSAD – CELE November 2021
B. 8.0 D. 4.0 Thickness of Beam Flange = 10 mm
F G H 55. Find the critical bolt bearing stress (MPa).
A. 150 C. 100
B. 125 D. 250
56. Find the critical bolt shear stress (MPa).
A. 169.8 C. 328.0
h B. 265.2 D. 95.5
57. Find the bearing pressure (MPa) in the bracket.
A. 2.6 C. 5.4
B. 1.8 D. 4.0
A B C D E

s s s s Beam A Beam A

Situation 18 – Refer to the figure below.

A 600 mm square column is centrally located on a pile cap
supported by 9 of 350 mm square precast concrete piles. bracket
Given:
Dimensions bolts
a = 0.6 m
b = 1.2 m L
c = 0.6 m
d = 1.0 m
Effective depth of pile cap = 400 mm Situation 20 – A footing supports a 250 mm thick concrete wall.
Net Ultimate Axial Load = 3,060 kN Given:
Net ultimate Moment About the Y-axis = 180 kN-m Allowable Soil bearing Pressure = 192 kPa
Concrete Compressive Strength, fc’ = 20.7 MPa Thickness of Footing = 350 mm
Reinforcing Steel Yield Strength, fy = 413 MPa Concrete, fc’ = 27.5 MPa
Strength Reduction Factors Steel, fy = 415 MPa
0.75 for Shear 58. The footing is subjected to a moment of 126 kN-m and a total
0.90 for Moment vertical load of 280 kN. Find the minimum width (m) to
52. Determine the maximum beam shear stress (MPa) in the pile prevent uplift.
cap. A. 1.0 C. 1.4
A. 0.86 C. 0.38 B. 2.3 D. 2.7
B. 1.14 D. 1.06 59. Given:
53. Determine the punching shear stress (MPa) on the most Resisting Moment, Mr = 440 kN-m
heavily loaded pile. Overturning Moment, Mot = 260 kN-m
A. 0.30 C. 0.40 Total Vertical Load = 265 kN
B. 0.38 D. 0.28 Find the minimum width (m) of the footing to prevent uplift.
54. Determine the required spacing (mm) of 20 mm diameter A. 1.4 C. 4.1
bars for the critical moment. B. 2.9 D. 2.1
A. 155 C. 238 60. Given:
B. 163 D. 124 Footing Width = 3.0 m
Y Resisting Moment, Mr = 500 kN-m
Overturning Moment, Mot = 265 kN-m
a b b a Total Vertical Load = 335 kN
Which of the following gives the maximum soil bearing
pressure (MPa)
c A. 179 C. 223
column B. 319 D. 290
pile d
X Situation 21 – Refer to the figure.
The computed wind load acting on the joints of the howe
d truss shown are as follows:
P1 = P4 = 8.5 kN
c P2 = P3 = 17 kN
Dimensions:
s = 1.8 m
h = 2.7 m
Situation 19 – Refer to the figure. 61. Determine the total reaction (kN) at G.
The angle bracket supports Beam A. The bracket is bolted to A. 14.26 C. 18.21
the flange of the supporting column with 2-20 mm diameter B. 13.62 D. 14.55
bolts. The load from beam A = 60 kN. Assume that the load is 62. Determine the force (kN) on member CH.
concentrically applied at the connection. A. 27.63 (C) C. 21.25 (T)
Given: B. 27.63 (T) D. 21.25 (C)
Bracket = 75 mm × 75 mm × 12 mm thick, L = 155 mm 63. Determine the force (kN) on member Dj.
Thickness of Column Flange = 15 mm A. 19.01 (C) C. 31.88 (C)
5

Prepared by: Engr. Jobert S. De la Cruz, CE

PSAD – CELE November 2021
B. 19.01 (T) D. 31.88 (T) a b c
P4
P3
P1 P2
P2 J
I K
P1 H L h

Situation 24 – Identify the following:

A B C D E F G 70. It occurs when a building period coincides with the
earthquake period.
s s s s s s A. accidental eccentricity C. torsional shear stress
B. resonance D. out of plane offset
Situation 22 – The portable camping table shown in the figure is 71. It refers to the displacement of one level relative to the level
to support a load of P = 1500 N at a variable distance x from above or below.
D. If x = 0.2 m, determine the following. A. eccentricity C. story drift
64. The reaction at A. B. spring constant D. lateral displacement
A. 500 N C. 750 N 72. It occurs when the structure’s center of mass does not
B. 800 N D. 1000 N coincide with its center of rigidity.
65. The reaction at B. A. out of plane offset C. torsional shear stress
A. 750 N C. 900 N B. story drift D. re-entrant corners
B. 500 N D. 800 N
66. The tension at the cable. Situation 25 – Identify the behavior of materials described:
A. 2250 N C. 2183 N 73. When a material is subjected to repeated cycles of stress or
B. 2520 N D. 2813 N strain, what causes its structure to breakdown ultimately
leading to fracture?
x P A. creep C. fatigue
D E B. plasticity D. yielding
74. When a material has to support a load for a long period of
time, what causes it to continue to deform until a sudden
fracture occurs?
C A. creep C. fatigue
B. plasticity D. yielding
75. In what condition is a material when it breaks down and
deforms permanently even due to a slight increase in stress
flexible cable above the elastic limit?
A. creep C. fatigue
A B B. plasticity D. yielding

Situation 23 – Refer to the figure below.

Given:
Column Loads
P1 = 1200 kN
P2 = 800 kN
Dimensions
b=6m
c=3m
67. Calculate the value of “a” (m) such that the pressure at the
base of the footing will be uniform.
A. 3.0 m C. 3.6 m
B. 3.2 m D. 4.2 m
68. If P1 = P2 = 1200 kN and a = 3 m, what is the maximum shear
(kN)in the footing?
A. 10,000 C. 8,000
B. 4,000 D. 6,000
69. If P1 = P2 = 1200 kN and a = 3 m, find the location (m) of the
point of inflection from the left end of the footing.
A. 6.0 C. 4.5
B. 3.0 D. 9.0

Prepared by: Engr. Jobert S. De la Cruz, CE

PSAD – CELE November 2021

Figure RC1

CONTINUOUS BEAM – THREE EQUAL SPANS – ONE END SPAN UNLOADED

wl wl

A B C D
l l l

SHEAR

MOMENT

CONTINUOUS BEAM – THREE EQUAL SPANS – MID-SPAN UNLOADED

wl wl

A B C D
l l l

SHEAR

MOMENT

CONTINUOUS BEAM – THREE EQUAL SPANS – ALL SPAN LOADED

wl wl wl

A B C D
l l l

SHEAR

MOMENT

Prepared by: Engr. Jobert S. De la Cruz, CE