HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

PROJECT REPORT
LED AUDIO VISUALIZER

Name of students: EEE – Class 58 – Team 7

Tran Duc Tan

Tran Trung Hieu

Nguyen Duc Anh

Pham Ba Loc

Name of instructor: Ph.D. Assoc. Prof. Pham Ngoc Nam

Hanoi, 6-2015
 HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

PROJECT REPORT
LED AUDIO VISUALIZER

Name of students: EEE – Class 58 – Team 7

Tran Duc Tan

Tran Trung Hieu

Nguyen Duc Anh

Pham Ba Loc

Name of instructor: Ph.D. Assoc. Prof. Pham Ngoc Nam

Name of referee: ……………………………………

Hanoi, 6-2015
Table of Contents
List of Figures ........................................................................................................... iii

List of Tables............................................................................................................. iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..........................................................................................v

ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................. vi

1. Introduction .............................................................................................................1

1.1. Motivation ........................................................................................................1

1.2. Purpose .............................................................................................................1

2. Specification Requirements ....................................................................................1

2.1. Executive Summary .........................................................................................1

2.1.1. Project Overview .......................................................................................1

2.1.2. Purpose and Scope ....................................................................................1

2.2. Product Description ..........................................................................................2

2.2.1. Product Context .........................................................................................2

2.2.2. Assumptions ..............................................................................................2

2.2.3. Constraints.................................................................................................2

2.3. Requirements ....................................................................................................2

2.3.1. Functional Requirements ..........................................................................2

2.3.2. Non-functional Requirements ...................................................................2

3. Planning...................................................................................................................4

3.1. Task Table ........................................................................................................5

3.2. Human Resource Table ....................................................................................8

3.3. Gantt chart and Network Diagram .................................................................11

4. Block Designing ....................................................................................................15

4.1. Audio Input and Amplifier .............................................................................16

i
 4.2. Filter ...............................................................................................................18

4.3. Display ...........................................................................................................20

4.4. Power Source .................................................................................................21

4.5. Schematic Diagram ........................................................................................22

5. Testing ...................................................................................................................22

5.1. Simulation ......................................................................................................22

5.2. Breadboard .....................................................................................................23

6. Manufacturing .......................................................................................................23

6.1. PCB layout .....................................................................................................23

6.2. Final Product ..................................................................................................25

CONCLUSION .........................................................................................................27

References .................................................................................................................28

APPENDIX A - BILL OF MATERIALS .................................................................. A

APPENDIX B – TRANSISTOR PN2222A DATASHEET ...................................... C

ii
List of Figures
Figure 2.1 Product's top view ......................................................................................3
Figure 2.2 Product's side view ....................................................................................3
Figure 3.1 Project's Gantt chart .................................................................................12
Figure 3.2 Project's Network Diagram ......................................................................13
Figure 4.1 Product's Block Diagram .........................................................................15
Figure 4.2 Audio Input and Amplifier Block ............................................................16
Figure 4.3 3.5mm stereo jack and socket diagram ....................................................17
Figure 4.4 High-band Filter.......................................................................................18
Figure 4.5 Mid-band Filter ........................................................................................19
Figure 4.6 Low-band Filter .......................................................................................19
Figure 4.7 Filter Response ........................................................................................20
Figure 4.8 Display Block ..........................................................................................20
Figure 4.9 Product's Schematic Diagram ..................................................................22
Figure 5.1 Breadboard Prototype ..............................................................................22
Figure 5.2 Simulation on Proteus ..............................................................................22
Figure 6.1 PCB Top Layer ........................................................................................23
Figure 6.2 PCB Bottom Layer ..................................................................................24
Figure 6.3 Final Product ............................................................................................25

iii
List of Tables
Table 3.1 Task Table ...................................................................................................5
Table 3.2 Human Resource Table ...............................................................................8
Table 3.3 Resources Assigning Table .........................................................................9
Table 4.1 Diodes Comparing Table ..........................................................................17
Table 4.2 NPN-transistor Comparing Table .............................................................18
Table 4.3 Power Source Comparing Table ...............................................................21

iv
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the age of the present information explosion, the applicability and the potential
development of the advertising information are very big, the application of the new
techniques is very necessary in this field.

We really appreciate Dr. Pham Ngoc Nam’s help with our project, and he created
favorable conditions for our team to complete brilliantly this project.

Although we made every effort, our ability is limited. Moreover, this project is a
new field for our team, so we should not avoid design errors in content and the
method of presentation. Our team is looking forward to Dr. Pham Ngoc Nam's
guidance and your additional suggestion to improve this project.

We would like to say thanks to everybody who helps us on this project!

v
 ABSTRACT
As the demand for decoration increases so does the need for high performance and
cheap price electric stuffs with LEDs. The goal of this project is to design and build
a LED flashing circuit controlled by audio. In this report, the design of the LED
circuit to meet the specification is explained. The circuit does not involve
microcontrollers for simplicity. The circuit was built using the Proteus ISIS as a
CAD tool. The design of the LED flasher was simulated in Proteus to verify its
performance. Then the circuit was tested on the breadboard. In most cases, the
objectives of the project were met. However, there should be some
recommendations for further research and work.

vi
1. Introduction
1.1. Motivation
We choose this project because of some reasons:

Jgjgj

Fig. 1

- LED has lots of applications in electronic devices, can be used for decorating,
advertising or used as a gift.

- LEDs can be bought easily.

- Devices and equipment are suitable for students’ economic condition.

- The project meets the needs of the subject.

- Students easily get the basic knowledge about electronics.

1.2. Purpose
- Understand 9 steps in the designing process.

- Know how to use several electrical equipment, and designing software.

- Build a well-performed beautiful LED Audio Visualizer with low price.

2. Specification Requirements
2.1. Executive Summary
2.1.1. Project Overview
The LED Audio Visualizer converts the analog audio signal into beautiful visual
effects. The signal from audio source is used to drive the behavior of the LEDs.

2.1.2. Purpose and Scope

This document addresses the requirements related to the designing phase of the
project.

1
2.2. Product Description
2.2.1. Product Context
The product is independent and self-contained. It is not related to any other products
or larger systems.

2.2.2. Assumptions
It is assumed that all the equipment required are available in Vietnam.

2.2.3. Constraints
Microcontrollers should not be involved in the product.

2.3. Requirements
2.3.1. Functional Requirements
- The product is connected to the audio source by a 3.5mm stereo jack.

- The product has 24 LEDs of 3 colors: Red, Green, and Blue (8 LEDs of each
color). Each color represents a band of frequencies:

• Low-band (<125Hz): Blue

• Mid-band (125Hz - 1.9kHz): Green
• High-band (>1.9kHz): Red

The LED flashes with the brightness changing due to the magnitude of the audio
signal of the frequencies that it represents.

- The product must have a tuning in order to adjust the brightness of the LEDs.

- The product should be powered by an AC/DC adapter.

2.3.2. Non-functional Requirements

2.3.2.1. Performance
- Delay time: less than 200ms

2.3.2.2. Hardware Platform

- Light emitting diodes (LEDs):

Wattage: 0.12W

2
- Connection standard: 0.35mm stereo jack

2.3.2.3. Appearance
- Dimension:

• Width: (80 ± 5) mm
• Height: (90 ± 5) mm
• Depth: (20 ± 10) mm
• Board Thickness: (1 ± .5) mm

Figure 2.1 Product's top view

Figure 2.2 Product's side view

- Weight: less than 300g.

2.3.2.4. Power Consumption

- Power Supply: DC-12V/2A

- Power Consumption: 20W

2.3.2.5. Development Time

About 9 weeks

2.3.2.6. Development Cost

Less than VND 500,000.

3
3. Planning
The next phase in the project is developing plan. The project will last for only 9
weeks, so we need to create a really smart plan to finish the project on time. Firstly,
we must have the Task Table and the Human Resource Table made.

4
3.1. Task Table
Our project consists of 8 tasks. In some tasks, there are sub-tasks for easier management. Each tasks has its own deliverables. The
project starts on April 1, and ends on June 12.

Table 3.1 Task Table

Task Start
Task Name Duration End Date Dependencies Deliverables
ID Date

April 1, April 14, Specification requirement document in

#1 Create Specification 2 weeks
2015 2015 Microsoft Word 2013 format (.docx)

Task Table
April 17, April 23,
#2 Develop plan 1 week #1 Human Resource Table
2015 2015
Plan developed in Microsoft Project Pro 2013

Perform block April 25, May 1,

#3 1 week #2 Block diagram in MS Visio Pro 2013
design 2015 2015

May 4, May 15,

#4 Design each block 2 weeks #3 ORCAD/Proteus schematic diagram
2015 2015

Audio Input and 3 days May 4, May 6,

5
 Amplifier 2015 2015

May 7, May 11,

Filter 3 days
20215 2015

May 12, May 14,

Displaying 3 days
2015 2015

May 15, May 15,

Power Source 1 day
2015 2015

Select best May 18, May 21,

#5 4 days #4 Select Alternatives Table
alternatives 2015 2015

May 22, May 29,

#6 Test 6 days #4, #5
2015 2015

May 22, May 26,

Proteus Simulation 3 days Simulation
2015 2015

May 27, May 29,

Breadboard Demo 3 days Video
2015 2015

#7 Manufacture 9 days June 1, June 11, #6 Completed product

6
 2015 2015

Design and Order June 1, June 5,

5 days PCB made
PCB 2015 2015

June 8, June 8,
Test PCB 1 day
2015 2015

June 9, June 10,

Solder components 2 days Completed PCB with all components
2015 2015

Test finished June 11, June 11,

1 day
product 2015 2015

June 12, June 12,

#8 Defend Project 1 day #7 Report in MS Word format
2015 2015

7
3.2. Human Resource Table
Our team has 4 members. Each one has different strength and weakness. The following table will help us on assigning resources to
tasks for maximum productivity.

Table 3.2 Human Resource Table

ID Name Strength Weakness Availability Other

● Microsoft Office ● Presentation skill

● Searching skill ● Electronics
#1 Tan Duc Tran N/A on Thursday
● English reading
and writing skill
● Presentation skill ● Programming
● Enthusiasm language C/C++
#2 Hieu Trung Tran Weekdays
● Electrical ● Circuit designing
components
• Microsoft Word • Programming
#3 Anh Duc Nguyen Weekdays
• Drawing language C
• Programming • Circuit designing
#4 Loc Ba Pham language C/C++ Weekdays

• Presentation skill

8
Then the team members are assigned to the tasks.

Table 3.3 Resources Assigning Table

Task ID Task Name Resource Name

#1 Create Specification Tan D.Tran, Hieu T.Tran

#2 Develop plan Hieu T.Tran, Anh D.Nguyen

#3 Perform block design Tan D.Tran, Loc B.Pham

#4 Design each block

Audio input and Amplifier Anh D.Nguyen

Filter Hieu T.Tran

Displaying Tan D.Tran, Loc B.Pham

Power Source Tan D.Tran

#5 Select best alternatives Tan D.Tran, Anh D.Nguyen

#6 Test

Proteus Simulation Hieu T.Tran, Loc B.Pham

9
 Breadboard Demo Tan D.Tran

#7 Manufacture

Design and Order PCB Anh D.Nguyen

Test PCB Hieu T.Tran

Solder components Tan D.Tran, Loc B.Pham

Test finished product All members

#8 Defend Project All members

10
3.3. Gantt chart and Network Diagram
Microsoft Project, which comes along with the Microsoft Office Suite, is a very powerful software to create plan. The software
provides a lot of features that help us scheduling and managing our project.

From the Task Table and the Human Resource Table, we use Microsoft Project Pro 2013 to make the project’s Gantt chart and
Network Diagram.

11
Figure 3.1 Project's Gantt chart

12
 Create Specification
Start Project Develop Plan Perform Block Design
Start: Wed 4/1/15 ID: 2
Start: Fri 4/17/15 ID: 4 Start: Sat 4/25/15 ID: 6
Milestone Date: 4/1/15 Finish: Tue 4/14/15 Dur: 2 wks
Finish: Thu 4/23/15 Dur: 1 wk Finish: Fri 5/1/15 Dur: 1 wk
ID: 1 Comp: 100%
Comp: 100% Comp: 100%

Design Each Block Select Best Alternatives Test

Start: Mon 5/4/15 ID: 8 Start: Mon 5/18/15 ID: 13 Start: Fri 5/22/15 ID: 15
Finish: Fri 5/15/15 Dur: 2 wks Finish: Thu 5/21/15 Dur: 0.8 wks Finish: Fri 5/29/15 Dur: 1.2 wks
Comp: 100% Comp: 100% Comp: 100%

Audio Input and Amplifier

Proteus Simulation
Start: Mon 5/4/15 ID: 9
Start: Fri 5/22/15 ID: 16
Finish: Wed 5/6/15 Dur: 3 days
Finish: Tue 5/26/15 Dur: 3 days
Res: Anh D.Nguyen
Res: Hieu T.Tran, Loc B.Pham

Filter
Start: Thu 5/7/15 ID: 10 Breadboard Demo
Finish: Mon 5/11/15 Dur: 3 days Start: Wed 5/27/15 ID: 17
Res: Hieu T.Tran Finish: Fri 5/29/15 Dur: 3 days
Res: Tan D.Tran
Displaying
Manufacture Defend Project
Start: Tue 5/12/15 ID: 11
Start: Mon 6/1/15 ID: 18 Start: Fri 6/12/15 ID: 23
Finish: Thu 5/14/15 Dur: 3 days Finish: Thu 6/11/15 Dur: 1.8 wks Finish: Fri 6/12/15 Dur: 0.2 wks
Res: Tan D.Tran, Loc B.Pham Comp: 56% Comp: 0%

Power Source
Start: Fri 5/15/15 ID: 12 Design and Order PCB
Finish: Fri 5/15/15 Dur: 1 day Start: Mon 6/1/15 ID: 19
Res: Tan D.Tran Finish: Fri 6/5/15 Dur: 5 days
Res: Anh D.Nguyen

Test PCB
Start: Mon 6/8/15 ID: 20
Finish: Mon 6/8/15 Dur: 1 day
Res: Hieu T.Tran

Solder components
Start: Tue 6/9/15 ID: 21
Finish: Wed 6/10/15 Dur: 2 days
Res: Tan D.Tran, Loc B.Pham

End Project
Test finished product
Start: Thu 6/11/15 ID: 22 Milestone Date: 6/12/15
Finish: Thu 6/11/15 Dur: 1 day ID: 25

Res: Anh D.Nguyen, Hieu T.Tran, Loc B.Pham, Tan D.Tran

Figure 3.2 Project's Network Diagram

13
14
4. Block Designing
The next phase of our project is designing the product. We made a block diagram of

Figure 4.1 Product's Block Diagram

the product in Microsoft Visio Pro 2013.

After having the block design, we use Proteus ISIS to make the detailed design of
each block.Error! Reference source not found.

15
Figure 4.2 Audio Input and Amplifier Block

4.1. Audio Input and Amplifier

The audio source is connected to the product by a 3.5mm stereo socket. We
combined both left and right channel for only one audio signal source.

16
 Figure 4.3 3.5mm stereo jack and socket diagram

The 2,000-ohm-potentiometer is for tuning purpose. It is used to adjust the

sensitivity of the product.

The diode is also a very important component. We decided to use 1N4148 silicon
diode since it has more advantages over the 1N34A Germanium diode.

Table 4.1 Diodes Comparing Table

Parameter Germanium Silicon Comments

1N34A
Depletion layer p.d. 0.15V
Forward current A few milli-amperes
Reverse leakage current A few micro-amperes
Max. reverse voltage Volts
Temperature stability Poor
Junction capacitance Very low (point contact)
1N4148
0.6V Germanium can be useful for low
voltage applications.
Tens of amperes Silicon much better for high current
applications.
A few nano- Germanium 1000 times leakier than
amperes silicon.
Hundreds of volts Silicon the only real choice for high
voltage applications.
Good Germanium more sensitive to
temperature. Can be a problem or
can be useful.
Comparatively This is a useful feature for high
high frequency use. Note: low
capacitance silicon diodes are also
available but still higher
capacitance than point contact
types.

17
We use a NPN transistor for amplification. As the transistor deals with audio, its
DC Current Gain hFE needs to be reasonably high. We chose the PN2222A.

Table 4.2 NPN-transistor Comparing Table

Criteria (weight)
Transistors Total
VCEO VCBO VEBO IC hFE TSTG (oC)
(0.1) (0.1) (0.1) (0.1) (0.5) (0.1)
300V - 3.0V 0.5A Medium -65 ÷ 150 5.2
MJE340
(5) (6) (7) (5) (9)
40V 75V 6.0V 1.0A High -55 ÷ 150 9.4
PN2222A
(10) (9) (9) (8) (10) (8)
100V 100V 5.0V 6.0A Low -65 ÷ 150 3.5
TIP41C
(7) (8) (8) (3) (0) (9)

4.2. Filter
For each frequency band, we use some capacitors, resistors, and a PNP transistor.
The transistor here can be any PNP transistor without any special characteristics. So
we chose TIP127, which can be easily found with low price.Error! Reference

Figure 4.4 High-band Filter

18
source not found.

Figure 4.5 Mid-band Filter

Figure 4.6 Low-band Filter

19
 Figure 4.7 Filter Response

4.3. Display
We use 8 same-color LEDs (two series-of-four in parallel) for each band. In each
series, we placed a resistor to prevent the LEDs from broken.

20
 Figure 4.8 Display Block

4.4. Power Source

The circuit can run well with a 9V-DC voltage, but it is more efficient to use the
12V-DC. We decided to use the 12V-AC/DC adapter.

Table 4.3 Power Source Comparing Table

Criteria (weight)
Power Source Total
Voltage Lifetime Portability Price
(0.5) (0.4) (0.05) (0.05)
9V cell (6) (5) (10) (9) 5.95
12V cell (10) (7) (10) (8) 8.7
12V AC/DC
(10) (10) (3) (6) 9.45
Adapter

21
 4.5. Schematic Diagram

Figure 4.9 Product's Schematic Diagram

5. Testing
5.1. Simulation
We ran the simulation for the circuit on Proteus. The simulation ran well without
any errors.

22

Figure
Figure5.1
5.2Breadboard
SimulationPrototype
on Proteus
5.2. Breadboard
We set up the breadboard following the circuit schematic diagram. The result was
pleasing. The breadboard demo worked great.Error! Reference source not found.

6. Manufacturing
6.1. PCB layout
We used Proteus ARES to make the PCB layout. Then we exported to Gerber files
and sent to the manufacturer.

Figure 6.1 PCB Top Layer

23
Figure 6.2 PCB Bottom Layer

24
6.2. Final Product

Figure 6.3 Final Product

25
26
 CONCLUSION
We have built a LED audio visualizer that meets all the specification requirements.
We now also know the 9-step designing process, as well as how to use CAD tools.

However, the LEDs still do not respond to the music very well. Therefore, the
product needs further improvements in the future.

27
References
[1]

[2]

28
 APPENDIX A - BILL OF MATERIALS

Category Quantity References Value Unit Cost

1 C1 47uF VND 500
Capacitors
1 C2 10uF VND 500
2 C3-C4 4.7nF VND 500
1 C5 0.1uF VND 500
1 C6 0.22uF VND 500
1 C7 4.7uF VND 500
6 R1-R2,R7-R8,R11- 100Ω VND 500
Resistors R12
3 R3-R4,R6 10kΩ VND 500
1 R5 1kΩ VND 500
2 R9,R13 2.2kΩ VND 500
1 R10 470Ω VND 500
1 R14 270Ω VND 500
2 R15-R16 10Ω VND 500
1 Q1 PN2222A VND 5,000
Transistors
3 Q2-Q4 TIP127 VND 3,000
Diodes 1 D1 1N4148 VND 1,000
24 LED1-LED24 DIODE-LED VND 1,000
1 STEREO PICAXE VND 5,000
Miscellaneous SOCKET
1 VR1 2k VND 2,000
1 12V-AC/DC adapter ADAPTER VND 60,000

A
 CATEGORY QUANTITY UNIT COST
MODULES 0 VND -
CAPACITORS 7 VND 3,500
RESISTORS 16 VND 8,000
INTEGRATED 0 VND -
CIRCUITS
TRANSISTORS 4 VND 14,000
DIODES 1 VND 1,000
MISCELLANEOUS 27 VND 91,000
TOTAL 55 VND 117,500

B
APPENDIX B – TRANSISTOR PN2222A DATASHEET

C
D
E