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11
th
sa
Ir
ed
am
jhtu ,ioaq;fs;
oh
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
M
- Eg : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
- jhtuj;ij fl;likj;Js;s ,ioaq;fs; MFk;
L.
- gpd;tUkhW ghFgLj;jg;gLk;
M
th
ngupa Gd;ntw;wplk; ,y;iy
gr;iraTUkzpfs; fhzg;glhJ
sa
• %d;W tifg;gLk;.
1. cr;rpg;gpupapioak; - Apical Meristems
Ir
- jz;L> Ntupd; cr;rp kw;Wk; ff;ftUk;Gfspy;
fhzg;gLk;.
- jhtuj;jpd; cauj;ij mjpfupf;Fk; ed
2. ,ilGFe;j gpupapioak; - Intercalary Meristem
- jz;by; cs;s fZf;fspy; fhzg;gLk;.
am
- fZtpilfspy; ePl;rpia Vw;gLj;Jk;.
- Gw;jhtuf; FLk;gq;fspy; fhzg;gLk;
oh
th
sa
Ir
ed
am
oh
,ioak; ,JthFk;.
M
,ay;Gfs; :
1. ahTk; capUs;s fyq;fs;
2. njspthd fU
3. fyj;jpilntsp fhzg;gLk;
4. ngupa ikag; Gd;ntw;wplk; nfhz;l Nfhstbthd fyq;fs;
5. nky;ypa nrYNyhR nfhz;l fyr;Rtu;
fhzg;gLk; ,lq;fs; :
njhopy;
1. tpj;Jf;:fs; (tpj;jftpioak;) goq;fs; (rijg;gFjp) > fpoq;Ffs;
2. jz;L> Ntupd; Nkw;gl;il kw;Wk; ikatpioak;
3. ,iyeLtpioak;
th
,ay;Gfs;:
ePz;l mWNfhz tbthd fyq;fs;
sa
ahTk; capUs;sit
fyj;jpilntsp kpfr;rpwpaJ / ,y;iy
Ir
%iyfspy; nrYNyhR jbg;Gw;Wf; fhzg;gLk;.
fyj;jpDs; FopaTU> fU> Gd;ntw;wplk; fhzg;gLk;.
ed
fhzg;gLk; ,lq;fs; :
am
njhopy;:
M
th
- ,uz;L tbtq;fspy; fhzg;gLk;.
sa
1) fw;fyk; -
• njd;id> kh Nghd;wtw;wpd; cl;fdpaq;fspYk;
Ir
• Ngupf;fha;(Pears)> md;dKd;dh> nfha;ah> Nghd;wtw;wpd;
Rw;Wfdpaj;jpYk;
ed
• Nfhg;gp> Gsp> NguPr;rk;gok; Nghd;wtw;wpd; tpj;JiwapYk;
am
fhzg;gLk;
2) ehHf; fyq;fs; -
oh
rpf;fyhd epiyapioak;
M
02. Fow;Nghyp
Fow;Nghyp
th
,UKid $k;gpa ePz;l fyq;fs;
sa
fho; fyDld; ,ize;J ,Uf;Fk;
,ypf;dpd; Vw;wg;gll;J
Ir
,we;j fyq;fs;
ePu;> fdpAg;G flj;jYf;F cjTk; (njhopy;)
ed
03.fho; Gilf;fytpioak;
am
(njhopy;)
04.fho; ehu; fho; Gilf;fytpioak;
M
fho; ehu;
ty;YUehu; - ,we;j fyq;fs;
L.
njhopy;
M
th
rhjhuz Gilf;fytpioak;
sa
czit Nrkpj;J gf;fj; jirapy; flj;Jk; (njhopy;)
Ir
02. Njhoikf;fyk;
nea;aupf;FohAld; ,ize;jpUf;Fk; jpupgile;j Gilf;fyk;
ed
capUs;sJ> fUf;nfhz;lJ nea;aupf;Fohia topelhj;Jk;
am
04. nea;aupf;Foha;
L.
th
sa
Ir
Nkyzp ,ioak; ed
clypd; mf> Gw mq;fq;fis glypl;Lf; fhzg;gLk; ,ioak; MFk;
am
,ay;Gfs;:
oh
M
fhzg;gLk; ,lq;fs;:
1.FUjp kapu;jJ
; is Fohapd; Rtu; 2.ijnuhapl;L Rug;gp
3.%f;F Fopapd; glyk; 4. rpWePug
; ;ig
5.Njhypd; Nkw;Nwhy;
th
• %d;W tifg;gLk;
1) td;$l;L jir 2) kokog;ghd jir 3) ,jaj;jir
sa
Ir
ed
am
kokog;ghd jir
Mf;fk; - kokog;ghd jir fyk;
,ay;Gfs;:
th
jdpj;jdp fjpUUthd fyk;
FWf;Ftup mw;wJ tupapy; jir
sa
(fyj;jpd; kj;jpapy;) jdpf;fU nfhz;lit
,r;irapd;wp ,aq;ff; $baJ - ,r;irapy; jir
,yFtpy; fisg;giltjpy;iy
Ir
fhzg;gLk; ,lq;fs; : (clypy; cs;splk; nfhz;l mq;fq;fspy;)
ed
1. rkpghl;Lj; njhFjp 2. rpWePug
; ;ig 3. FUjpf;Foha; Rth; 4. fUg;ig Rth;
am
,jaj; jir
Mf;fk; : ,jaj; jirf; fyq;fs;
oh
,ay;Gfs;:
M
fpisnfhz;lJ
jdpf;fU (fyj;jpd; kj;jp)> mjpf ,iokzp
M
fisg;giltjpy;iy
re;jj;jpw;Nfw;g RUq;fp tpupAk;
,ilGFe;j tl;lj;jl;L cz;L
th
4. ntspf;fhT euk;G Kisapy; kaypd; ftrk; (Ks;se;jz;Lspfspy;) fhzg;gLk;
5. kaypd; ftrk; ,y;yhj ,lj;jpy; ,ud;tpaupd; fZ fhzg;gLk;.
sa
euk;G Kis ,U tifg;gLk;
Ir
1) cl;fhT euk;G Kis
2) ntspf;fhT euk;G Kis
ed
- Ks;sj;jz;Ls;s tpyq;Ffspy; ntspf;fhT euk;G %isapy; tpNrlkhf kaypd;
ftrk; fhzg;gLk;. ,J fzj;jhf;f Ntfj;ij 10 klq;F tiu mjpfupf;f nra;Ak;.
am
c-k;:
th
1.FUjp ,ioak;
2. vd;G ,ioak;
sa
3. mbg;NghR ,ioak; 4. Njhypd; mb ,ioak; 5.frpapioak;
njhopy;:
Ir
1. ,ioaq;fisAk; mq;fq;fisAk; njhLj;jy;.
2. Mjhuj;ij toq;fy;. ed
- 03 tifahd $Wfs; fhzg;gLk;
am
1.FUjp
2.vd;G
3.frpapioak;
oh
njhopy; :
1. gjhu;jj
; q;fis nfhz;L nry;yy;
(Nghrizg; gjhHj;jq;fs;> RthrthAf;fs;> fopTg;gjhHj;jq;fs;> XNkhd;fs;)
2. ghJfhg;G (WBC )
3. Xu; rPh;jj
; pl epiyiag; Ngzy;
(cly; ntg;gepiy> FSf;NfhR rPuhf;fj;jpy; gq;Nfw;wy;)
th
03. kokog;ghd jirapy; ghuf;f ,jaj; jirapy; mjpf vz;zpf;ifapy; fhzg;gLk; Gd;dq;fk;
sa
1) fU 2) ,iokzp 3) nfhy;fpAly; 4) Nkw;$wpa ahTk;
Ir
1) fho;fyd; 2) Fow;Nghyp 3) fho; ehu; 4) fho; Gilf;fytpioak;
08. ehk; czthf cl;nfhs;sf; $ba fpoq;F> gok; Nghd;wtw;wpy; fhzg;gLk; gpujhd ,ioak;
vJ?
M
th
1) ,jaj; jirfs; ,r;irtop ,aq;Fk;
sa
2) td;$l;Lj; jirfs; ,r;irapd;wp ,aq;Fk;
Ir
4) ,jaj; jirfs; ,r;irapd;wp ,aq;Fk;
ed
am
oh
M
L.
M