REVIEW ARTICLE
Digital Dentistry: Past, Present, and
Digital Medicine
and Healthcare
Technology
Citation
Ziyad S Haidar (2023), Digital
Dentistry: Past, Present, and Future.
Digital Medicine and Healthcare
Technology 2023(2), 1–16.
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5772/dmht.17
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2023.
This is an Open Access article
distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution
License (https://creativecommons.
org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits
unrestricted reuse, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is properly
cited.
Published
6 June 2023
Digital Medicine and Healthcare Technology
Future
Ziyad S Haidar1,2,3,4,5, *
1 BioMAT’X (HAiDAR I+D+i LAB), Santiago, Chile
2 Clínica Universidad de los Andes Hospital, Santiago, Chile
3 Facultad de Odontología / Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
4 Programa de Doctorado en BioMedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes,
Santiago, Chile
5 Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los
Andes, Santiago, Chile
*Correspondence: E-mail: zhaidar@uandes.cl
Abstract
Today, digital dentistry has revolutionized the way dental professionals provide
patient care. It refers to the use of digital technologies in all aspects of dentistry,
including diagnosis, treatment planning, and restoration; encompassing a range of
technologies, including computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing
(CAD/CAM), three-dimensional (3D) printing, artificial intelligence (AI),
augmented reality (AR), and teledentistry; a rapidly evolving and transformative
field. This review article explores the evolution of digital dentistry, including
advancements in imaging, CAD/CAM, 3D printing, and regenerative dentistry,
amongst others. It discusses current and future applications of digital dentistry, such
as AI, AR, and teledentistry. The potential benefits and challenges associated with
these applications are also examined, including their impact on patient privacy,
dental education, and the overall practice of dentistry and oral surgery. Indeed,
digital dentistry has transformed the way we diagnose, plan, and treat our patients.
In other words, the use of digital technologies in dentistry has allowed for greater
precision, accuracy, and efficiency, while also improving patient outcomes. An
overview of the history and current state of digital dentistry, as well as a discussion
of future developments in the field is presented, in addition to examining benefits,
limitations, ethical considerations, and the importance of staying up-to-date with
the latest advancements in the rapidly evolving field. To simplify concepts and
approaches, real-life examples of how digital dentistry is being used in modern
dental practices are also provided to the reader.
Keywords: digital dentistry, workflow, CAD/CAM, ChatGPT, 3D printing,
regenerative dentistry, artificial intelligence, augmented reality, bioEthics, intraoral
scanning, teledentistry
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 1. Introduction
Over the past few decades, digital dentistry was gradually introduced, with various
technologies developed and adopted at different times, primarily to improve and
enhance the practice of dentistry through the use of digital tools and techniques,
providing improved accuracy and precision, enhancing patient experience,
increasing efficiency and productivity, improving communication and collaboration
between dental professionals, thereby resulting in better treatment outcomes, whilst
also improving clinical outcomes, increasing efficiency in laboratory workflows,
being cost-effective, integrating with other healthcare technologies, and enabling us
to diagnose and treat dental conditions more accurately and efficiently through
advancements in technologies [1, 2]. Thus, applied digital dentistry refers to the use
of advanced digital technologies in dental practices and laboratories which are
designed to enhance the accuracy, efficiency, and overall quality of dental
treatments and procedures. These technologies can be used in a variety of dental
fields, including restorative dentistry, orthodontics, implant dentistry, and cosmetic
dentistry, enhancing our abilities to create highly accurate and personalized
treatment plans for each patient. The graphical abstract highlights few of the current
trends in digital dentistry R&D&I, including the use of AI, virtual reality (VR),
augmented reality (AR), 3D printing, digital smile design (DSD), and
teledentistry [3]. The use of AI and machine learning (ML) in digital dentistry is
increasing, allowing for personalized treatment recommendations based on patient
data analysis [4] and to develop intelligent systems that can assist in diagnosis and
treatment planning [5]. These systems can analyze large volume of patient data to
provide personalized treatment recommendations. VR and AR technologies are
being used to improve treatment outcomes by creating realistic 3D models of dental
structures, allowing patients to visualize the treatment plan and improve treatment
accuracy [6]. 3D printing is becoming more common in dentistry, allowing for more
precise and accurate fabrication of dental structures, with applications in the
fabrication of dental implants, dentures, and orthodontic appliances [7]. 3D printing
allows for more precise and accurate fabrication of dental structures, reducing
treatment time and improving outcomes. Furthermore, DSD is a new approach to
cosmetic dentistry that uses digital imaging and software to create a customized
smile design for each patient [8]. DSD allows for more precise planning and
communication between the dentist and patient, resulting in better cosmetic
outcomes. Finally, teledentistry is becoming more popular, especially in rural and
underserved areas, allowing for remote dental care through telecommunications
technology [9]. Indeed, with the increasing availability of high-speed internet and
mobile devices, teledentistry is becoming more common, especially in the
aforementioned rural and underserved areas, where there may be a shortage of
dental professionals or limited access to oral healthcare. This can help improve the

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 overall oral health of the population and reduce disparities in dental care (improved
access to care). Hence, these trends have the potential to revolutionize dental care by
improving treatment outcomes, reducing treatment time, and expanding access to
care [10]. Additionally, the socioeconomic impact(s) of digital dentistry research
can be significant, improving access to care, reducing costs, improving patient
outcomes, and creating new job opportunities [11]. As mentioned earlier, digital
technologies such as 3D printing can help reduce the cost of dental treatment by
allowing for more precise and accurate fabrication of dental structures [12]. This can
reduce the need for recurring treatments and associated costs. Digital technologies
can help improve treatment outcomes by providing more personalized and accurate
treatment recommendations, reducing treatment time, and improving patient
satisfaction [13]. This can lead to improved overall health and quality of life for
patients. Therefore, as digital technologies become more prevalent in dentistry,
there will be a growing need for dental specialists and professionals with expertise
and training in these areas. In turn, this can lead to further job and employment
creation in fields such as dental technology, digital dentistry, and teledentistry,
amongst others [14]. Herein, it can be stated that as technology continues to evolve,
we can certainly expect to see even more exciting developments and innovations in
the digital dentistry research.

2. History of digital dentistry

The history of digital dentistry can be traced back to the 1970s, when the first
computerized tomography (CT) scanners were introduced [15]. This technology
allowed for more accurate and detailed imaging of the teeth and jaw and helped to
improve diagnosis and treatment planning. Later, in the 1980s, the first CAD/CAM
system was introduced for dental restorations [16], allowing the computer-aided
design of dental restorations, which could then be milled out of a block of material
using a CAM system. It is perhaps worth mentioning that in 1971, the first
computer-controlled dental drill was developed by Robert Ledley, a physicist and
dentist at the National Institutes of Health [17]. Controlling the speed and direction
of the drill allowed for greater precision and accuracy in dental procedures. On the
other hand, the first 3D printer for dental uses was introduced in the 1990s [18], and
since then, 3D printing technology has advanced rapidly, and is now widely used in
dental practices for the design and fabrication of crowns, bridges, and other
restorations. Furthermore, one of the early pioneers of digital dentistry was CEREC
(Chairside Economical Restoration of Esthetic Ceramics), a system developed in the
early 1990s by German company Sirona [19]. CEREC used digital imaging and
CAD/CAM technology to create custom restorations, such as crowns and bridges, in
a single visit. This significantly reduced the time and complexity of the procedure,
and the system quickly gained popularity among dentists. In the following years,

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 digital dentistry actually continued to evolve rapidly. Indeed, other companies, such
as 3Shape, Dentsply Sirona, and Align Technology, to mention a few, developed
advanced digital imaging and scanning technologies, 3D printers, and software
systems for virtual treatment planning and simulation; technologies that have been
used in a wide range of dental fields [20], including restorative and aesthetic
dentistry, orthodontics, implant dentistry, and surgery.

3. Current state of digital dentistry

Digital dentistry is now an integral part of modern dentistry. CAD/CAM systems are
used for the design and fabrication of dental restorations, while 3D printing
technology is used for the fabrication of surgical guides, models, and orthodontic
appliances [21]. AR technology is being used to improve patient education and
treatment planning [22], while teledentistry is being used to improve access to
dental care for patients in remote or underserved areas [23]. In recent years, digital
dentistry has expanded to include the use of AI and ML algorithms, to further
improve the accuracy and efficiency of dental diagnoses, treatment planning and
prosthetics [24]. Indeed, such technologies can help us to analyze patient data, make
more accurate diagnoses, and develop personalized treatment plans. AI and ML
algorithms are also being used to control robotic dental systems. For example, a
robotic arm can be programmed to perform specific dental procedures with greater
precision and accuracy, thereby greatly reducing the risk of human error [25,26].
Henceforth, it can be reasonably expected that as digital technologies continue to
evolve and advance, and find more adaptation, the future of digital dentistry looks
very promising. Incorporation of AI and ML algorithms, as well as robotics, will
patently revolutionize dental care and improve patient outcomes.

4. Real-life examples of recent advancements in the

application of digital dentistry
One example of how digital dentistry is being used in modern dental practices is the
use of intraoral scanners. Intraoral scanners are small, handheld devices that can
capture 3D images of teeth and gums. These images can be used to design and
fabricate dental restorations, such as crowns or bridges, using a CAD/CAM system.
This technology has reduced the need for traditional impressions, which can be
uncomfortable for patients, and has improved the accuracy and fit of dental
restorations [27], Table 1. Another example of how digital dentistry is being used is
in orthodontics. For instance, 3D printing technology is being used to create custom
orthodontic aligners, which are clear plastic trays that gradually shift a patient’s
teeth into the correct position. These aligners are fabricated using a 3D model of the
patient’s teeth, which is created using an intraoral scanner or a CT scan.

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 This technology has revolutionized orthodontic treatment, making it more
comfortable and efficient for patients [28]. Without doubt, there are other examples
of how digital dentistry is being incorporated and used in modern/contemporary
dental practices:

4.1. Digital implant treatment planning

AI algorithms can be used to analyze dental X-rays and other images to help dentists
make more accurate diagnoses. For example, a deep learning algorithm trained on a
large dataset of X-rays can quickly identify patterns associated with common dental
conditions such as cavities, gum disease, or oral cancer [29]. Furthermore, digital
implant planning involves the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)
scans and CAD/CAM software to design and place dental titanium implants with
greater precision and accuracy [30]. Basically, CBCT scans provide 3D images of the
teeth and jaw, which can be used to plan the placement and positioning of the
implant [31]. The implant can then be fabricated using a CAD/CAM system, which
allows for greater customization and accuracy in the design of the implant. AI
algorithms can also be used to help dentists develop personalized treatment plans
for patients. By analyzing patient data, such as X-rays, dental records, and medical
history, ML algorithms can help us to identify the best course of treatment for each
individual patient [32].

4.2. Digital smile design

DSD or digital smile design, basically, involves the use of digital imaging software to
create a virtual 3D model of the teeth and gums of a patient. This model can then be
used to design a custom treatment plan to improve the appearance of the smile. This
technology can also be used to show patients what their smile will look like
post-treatment, thus helping them make informed decisions about their dental
care [33].

4.3. Teledentistry

Teledentistry, as aforementioned, is a form of telemedicine, involving digital

technologies to provide dental care and consultation remotely, where patients can
receive dental consultations, screenings, and even some treatments without needing
to visit a physical dental office (so, increasing convenience and reducing costs). It is
particularly useful for patients in isolated, distant, or underserved areas who may
not have access to dental care. Teledentistry can also be used for follow-up
appointments, consultations, and monitoring of patients who have undergone
dental procedures. Today, teledentistry is a rapidly growing area of digital dentistry,
particularly in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, improving access to care,
treatment outcomes and reducing the risk of disease transmission via enabling the
early detection and treatment of oral and dental problems [34].

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 Table 1. Real-life examples of recent advancements in the application of digital dentistry.

Digital Application Critical Real-life examples (selected)

dentistry (selected) technologies
application (selected)

Past
Digital Dental CAD/CAM, intraoral In the past, traditional putty impressions were
impressions restorations scanners replaced with digital impressions using intraoral
scanners. This technology captured detailed digital
images of the patient’s teeth and surrounding oral
structures, which were then used for
computer-aided design and manufacturing
(CAD/CAM) of dental restorations such as crowns
and bridges. Real-life examples include 3M True
Definition Scanner and iTero Element Scanner.

Computer- Implant CBCT Imaging, Computer-aided implant placement involved the

aided implant dentistry CAD/CAM use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)
placement imaging to create 3D models of the patient’s oral
structures. These images were then used in
CAD/CAM software to plan the precise placement
of dental implants. Real-life examples include
SimPlant and Blue Sky Plan.

Present
3D printed Prosthodontics, 3D printing, 3D printing technology is used to create physical
dental models orthodontics CAD/CAM models of the patient’s teeth and jaw structures
from digital scans. These models are used for
treatment planning, prosthesis fabrication, and
orthodontic appliance design. Real-life examples
include Formlabs Form 2 and Stratasys Objet30
Dental Prime.
AI-based caries Diagnostics Artificial intelligence, Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms analyze dental
detection image processing images, such as X-rays and intraoral scans, to detect
and diagnose dental caries (cavities) accurately.
These AI systems assist dentists in early detection
and intervention. Real-life examples include
Denti.AI and Dentulu.

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 Table 1. (Continued)

Digital Application Critical Real-life examples (selected)

dentistry (selected) technologies
application (selected)

Augmented Patient Augmented reality, Augmented reality (AR) applications allow patients to
reality dental education 3D imaging visualize potential treatment outcomes by overlaying
simulations virtual dental restorations onto real-world images of
their mouths. This technology enhances patient
understanding and helps in treatment
decision-making. Real-life examples include DentalAR
and DentalViewer.

Future
AI-powered Orthodontics, Artificial Artificial intelligence algorithms will analyze patient
treatment oral surgery intelligence, data, such as dental images, medical history, and
planning image analysis genetic information, to create personalized treatment
plans for orthodontic and oral surgery procedures,
among others. These AI systems will improve
treatment efficiency and predictability.
3D printed Implant 3D printing, 3D printing technology will advance to fabricate
biocompatible dentistry CAD/CAM, biocompatible dental implants directly from digital
implants biomaterials designs. Customized implants with optimal fit and
aesthetics will be created using CAD/CAM software
and specialized biocompatible materials.
Teledentistry Remote Telecommunication, Teledentistry enables remote consultations and
consultations dental care imaging technology diagnosis through video conferencing, image sharing,
and patient monitoring. Dentists can provide advice,
triage emergency cases, and remotely manage
non-urgent dental care. Real-life examples include
MouthWatch TeleDent and Denteractive.
Personalized Prosthodontics Digital scanning, Digital scanning of the patient’s oral structures
prosthodontics CAD/CAM, combined with CAD/CAM software and 3D printing
3D printing technology will enable the fabrication of highly
personalized and precise dental prostheses, with
improved function and esthetics.

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 4.4. Digital occlusal analysis and prosthetic design

Digital occlusal analysis involves the use of digital sensors to analyze a patient’s bite
and occlusion. This technology can identify areas of high pressure or wear on the
teeth, which can help dental professionals diagnose and treat conditions such as
temporomandibular joint disorder. Further, AI and ML algorithms can be used to
design dental prosthetics such as implants, bridges, and dentures. These algorithms
can hence consider factors such as the patient’s bite, jaw structure, and other
anatomical features to create a more natural and comfortable fit [35].

4.5. Intraoral scanning technology

Hand-held intraoral scanners have become an integral part of digital dentistry.

These scanners use optical or laser technology to capture highly detailed digital
impressions (and create virtual models) of the teeth and gingiva, eliminating the
need for traditional impressions. The digital models are used for restorative dentistry,
orthodontics, and implant dentistry, to design and manufacture dental restorations
such as crowns, bridges, and dentures. Consequently, the benefits of utilizing
intraoral scanning apparatus incorporate accuracy, speed, and patient comfort [36].

4.6. Digital radiography

A modern alternative to traditional film-based radiography that involves capturing

radiographs using digital sensors that produce high-quality images with less
radiation exposure. The images can be stored digitally and then easily shared with
other dental/medical professionals for joint diagnosis, treatment planning, and
follow-up [37].

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 4.7. 3D printing technology

A relatively new addition to digital dentistry, involving the use of a CAD file to
produce physical models, custom surgical guides, implant abutments, and even
dental restorations. 3D printing technology (additive manufacturing) revolutionized
the fabrication process of dental prostheses, reducing the time and cost of
production [38].

4.8. Regenerative dentistry

Using stem cells, growth factors, and other biologic materials to regenerate damaged
or missing tissues in the oral cavity is another area that has been impacted by digital
technologies [39, 40]. Tissue engineering and 3D printing have the potential to
revolutionize the way dental professionals approach dental regenerative procedures.
Indeed, digital images and models can help design customized scaffolds and
implants and then 3D printing using biocompatible materials such as ceramic or
polymer help create them for use to regenerate damaged or missing tissues [41].
Digital planning and simulation software can also be used to plan and simulate such
regenerative procedures, allowing dentists to optimize treatment plans and predict
outcomes more accurately. This can help to reduce the risk of complications and
improve treatment outcomes. Virtual reality can also be used to create immersive
regenerative simulations, allowing us to practice such complex regenerative
procedures before acting on patients [42].

4.9. AI in dentistry

AI has found its way into dentistry and has the potential to improve diagnosis,
treatment planning, and patient outcomes. AI algorithms can analyze large amounts
of data, including radiographic images and clinical records, to assist in the early
detection of oral and dental diseases and help provide personalized treatment
plans [42, 43].

4.10. Digital marketing in dentistry

The use of digital marketing has become increasingly important for dental practices;
an important aspect of modern dental practice management [44]. Indeed, with the
increasing use of the internet and social media, dental practices need to have a
strong digital presence to attract and retain patients, and provide educational
content. Search engine optimization, and other digital marketing strategies (such as
targeted advertising campaigns to reach specific demographics) can be used to
improve online visibility and build brand awareness. Video marketing can also be
used to provide educational content, showcase the practice and its services, and
introduce the dental team. Videos can be shared on the practice’s website and social
media platforms [45].

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 5. Challenges, limitations and future directions
Despite the many advantages of digital dentistry, there are also challenges and
limitations. These include the cost of technology, the need for specialized training,
and the potential for technological errors or failures [46]. It is important for dental
professionals to be aware of these challenges and limitations when incorporating
digital dentistry into their practices. Another potential limitation of digital dentistry
is the risk of cybersecurity breaches and patient privacy violations. Digital images
and patient data are vulnerable to cyber attacks, and dental professionals must
ensure that they have adequate security measures in place to protect patient
information [47]. Finally, some dental professionals may be hesitant to adopt digital
technologies due to concerns about job loss and automation. However, it is
important to recognize that digital dentistry is not intended to replace dental
professionals but rather to enhance their capabilities and improve patient care [48].
Nonetheless, the field of digital dentistry is constantly evolving. The future of digital
dentistry includes the use of AR, VR, and ML [49]. These technologies have the
potential to enhance patient care and improve treatment outcomes. There are also
developments related to the combination of nano-biotechnology and digital
dentistry that can be highlighted and discussed here, as follows.

Today, nanoDentistry or the application of nanotechnology (use of materials and

devices at the nano-scale — one billionth of a meter — to create new materials and
devices with unique properties) in dentistry involves the employment of
nanomaterials and nanorobots for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of dental
diseases [50]. Digital technologies can be used in conjunction with nanotechnology
to design, fabricate, and manipulate nanomaterials and devices for use in dentistry.
Indeed, nano-based diagnostic tools, such as biosensors and imaging agents, can
provide high sensitivity and specificity for detecting disease biomarkers and other
diagnostic targets [51]. Digital technologies can be used to analyze and interpret the
data generated by these diagnostic tools. Further, the use of nanotechnology can
provide targeted and precise treatment, as well as reduce the need for invasive
procedures [52]. For example, designing nano-based coatings and optimizing
nanomaterials to prevent the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms on
dental implants (and to monitor their efficacy) [53]. Further, nanoparticle imaging is
a new imaging technique that uses nanoparticles to improve the resolution of digital
radiographs. This technique can improve the detection of dental diseases and aid in
treatment planning [54]. Nanotechnology has also enabled the development of
nano-structured implants with improved osseointegration and reduced implant
failure rates. These implants can be customized to match the natural dentition of the
patient and provide better aesthetics [55]. Likewise, nanobiotechnology has also
enabled the development of nano-based dental restorations, that are more durable,
stronger, and have better aesthetics when compared to traditional restorative

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 materials [56]. The future of digital dentistry is substantially promising, with
continued advancements in technology expected to further enhance the capabilities
of dentists and oro-dental surgeons. This includes the use of AI and ML algorithms
to improve diagnosis and treatment planning, as well as the development of
regenerative dental techniques using 3D printing hybrid technology [57]. Yet, ethical
concerns should also be considered, as digital dentistry continues to evolve.

6. Ethical implications of digital dentistry

Similar to other technologies, the growing use of digital technologies in dentistry
raises important ethical considerations. Patient privacy is one of the most significant
ethical concerns associated with digital dentistry. Dental professionals must ensure
that they obtain informed consent from patients before using digital technologies,
and that they have adequate security measures in place to protect patient
information [58]. Another important consideration is the impact on patient
outcomes. While digital technologies can improve the accuracy of diagnoses and
treatment planning, the reliance on technology may also lead to over-reliance on
digital tools, potentially leading to diagnostic errors or sub-optimal treatment
outcomes. It is essential for dental professionals to balance the use of digital
technologies with clinical judgment and expertise to achieve the best possible
patient outcomes. It is also important to consider the cost-effectiveness, herein,
given the higher cost when compared to traditional methods. Thus, it is important to
further assess the value of digital technologies in terms of their benefits and costs, to
determine if they are appropriate for individual patients and practices. To recap,
digital technologies, including AI and ML algorithms, can be prone to bias and
discrimination if they are not designed and used appropriately. Hence, dentists and
dental technicians must be aware of these issues and take steps to ensure that their
use of digital technologies is fair and equitable, to all [59]. Another significant
ethical consideration is the potential impact of digital dentistry on dental education
and training. As digital technologies become more common in practice, education
must also adapt to provide our students with the necessary training and skills to
effectively utilize these technologies [60].

7. Conclusions
Digital dentistry has transformed the field of dentistry, improving the precision,
accuracy, and efficiency of dental procedures, as well as patient outcomes. As the use
of digital technologies. Digital dentistry has revolutionized the way dental
professionals provide patient care, allowing for greater precision, efficiency, and
accessibility. Advancements in imaging, CAD/CAM technology, 3D printing, and
regenerative dentistry have transformed the dental industry. Current and future
applications of digital dentistry, such as AI, AR, and teledentistry, have the potential

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 to further enhance the capabilities of digital dentistry. Indeed, it can be stated and
expected that the future of digital dentistry is exciting and promising, with new
technologies and innovations emerging and progressing all the time. However, there
are also limitations to digital dentistry, including cost and cybersecurity concerns.
Ethical considerations must also be taken into account, particularly with regard to
patient privacy. As the use of digital technologies in dentistry continues to grow, it is
important for dental professionals to stay up to date with the latest advancements
and ethical considerations. It is also important to keep in mind that the adoption of
new technologies and techniques can require additional training and investment, so
it’s important to carefully evaluate the potential benefits and costs before making
any changes to dental practice. Ultimately, the decision to incorporate digital
dentistry into dental practice should be based on careful consideration of the needs
of patients and the resources available. Continued research, development and
innovation in digital dentistry will help improve the capabilities of dental
professionals and benefit our patients.

8. Additional Notes: ChatGPT by OpenAI, a new era of

intelligent dental assistance?
Will ChatGPT Transform Digital Dentistry? If so, How? ChatGPT was first
introduced to the public by OpenAI Inc., an artificial intelligence research
laboratory located in San Francisco, California, USA, in June of 2020. Briefly,
ChatGPT uses deep learning techniques to understand and generate human-like
language. It is pre-trained on a large corpus of text data and can be fine-tuned to
perform a variety of natural language processing tasks, such as language translation,
summarization, question answering, and dialogue generation. Apparently, ChatGPT
has the ability to learn from massive amounts of data and can generate highly
coherent and contextually appropriate responses. This technology has the potential
to revolutionize various fields, including digital dentistry, by automating processes,
enhancing communication, and improving patient care. Indeed, with its natural
language processing capabilities, ChatGPT can be trained to analyze large amounts
of data related to digital dentistry, such as patient records, imaging, and treatment
outcomes. This can help dentists and researchers make more informed decisions and
develop better treatment plans. Additionally, ChatGPT can be used to generate
patient education materials and answer frequently asked questions, potentially
improving patient satisfaction and understanding. Overall, ChatGPT’s capabilities
offer promising opportunities to improve and advance digital dentistry practices.
The author of this article would like to acknowledge the use of ChatGPT in
generating some of the content of this review. Transparency and attribution are
integral parts of responsible and ethical research practices. It is imperative that we,
as scientific scholars, provide a clear and comprehensive account of the methods

Digital Medicine and Healthcare Technology 12/16

 employed in our research, as well as acknowledge and give credit to all sources that
have contributed to our work. By doing so, we not only ensure that our
communications and findings are replicable and verifiable yet also respectable to the
contributions of others in the field. Furthermore, transparent reporting and proper
attribution can foster trust, accountability, and collaboration amongst researchers,
which are essential for advancing knowledge and solving complex problems.

Conflict of interest
The author declares no conflict of interest.

Funding and Acknowledgments

This work was supported by operating grants provided to the HAiDAR R&D&I
LAB/BioMAT’X (Laboratorio de Biomateriales, Farmacéuticos y Bioingeniería de
Tejidos Cráneo Máxilo-Facial), member of CiiB (Centro de Investigación e
Innovación Biomédica), Faculties of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidad de los
Andes, Santiago de Chile, through the ANID-NAM (Agencia Nacional de
Investigación y Desarrollo, Chile and National Academy of Medicine, USA) Grant
código #NAM21I0022 (2020–2022), CORFO Crea y Valida I+D+i Grant código
#21CVC2-183649 (2021–2023), CORFO Crea y Valida — Proyecto de I+D+i
Colaborativo - Reactívate” Grant código #22CVC2-218196 (2022–2024), and
FONDEF Concurso IDEA de I+D, ANID, Grant código #ID22I10215 (2022–2024).
The author wishes to acknowledge the exceptional F-ODO students behind inspiring
this piece: Yr3 (Andrea Bustos, Ismael Valenzuela and Zabdiel Faundez), Yr4 (Alondra
Beniscelli) and Yr6 (Ignacio Fernández).

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