Tectonic plates are large pieces of the lithosphere that move over the surface

due to convective movement of the Earth's mantle. These plates slide and
collide into each other, which create mountain formations, trenches,
earthquakes, and volcanoes. Plate boundaries are where two plates meet up
and contact each other.
 Three types of stress : in geology

1.compression occurs when tectonic plates collide or converge, causing rocks to be

pushed together and deformed. This can result in the folding and faulting of rock layers.
Compression forces also play a significant role in the formation of mountain ranges,
where crustal rocks are pushed upward and folded due to the compressive forces
What is a metamorphic rock?

How do compression forces contribute to the formation of metamorphic rocks?

2.tension refers to a type of stress that occurs when forces act in opposite directions,
pulling or stretching materials apart. It is one of the three main types of stress, along
with compression (pushing together) and shear (sliding past one another). Tensional
forces cause rocks to elongate or pull apart, leading to various geological features and
phenomena.

1. Faults: Tensional stress can cause rocks to break along fractures known
as faults. In a normal fault, caused by tensional stress, the hanging wall
(the upper block) moves down relative to the footwall (the lower block).
2. Rift Valleys: Tensional forces can lead to the formation of rift valleys,
where the Earth's crust is pulled apart, creating a depression. Rift valleys
are often associated with tectonic plate boundaries and the initial stages
of continental plate separation.
3. Dykes: Tensional stress can cause magma to intrude into existing rock
layers, forming vertical structures called dykes. Dykes are created when
molten rock is injected into fractures created by tensional forces.
4. Jointing: Tensional stress can cause rocks to crack without significant
movement along the fracture. These fractures are known as joints and
often form in response to the Earth's crust undergoing extension

1.What role do tensional forces play in the formation of faults and fractures?

What is the difference between tension and compression forces in geology?

Shear in geology refers to a type of stress that occurs when forces act parallel to each
other but in opposite directions, causing deformation by sliding one part of a material in
relation to another

What is the difference between brittle and ductile deformation in the context of shear
stress?

At next some geological features of Shears!!: Wha tis the most common?
1. Cleavage: Cleavage is a type of rock foliation resulting from the parallel
alignment of mineral grains or the development of parallel fractures due
to shear stress. Cleavage planes are typically found in metamorphic
rocks and are evidence of significant deformation.
2. Shear Folds: Shear folds are folds that form as a result of shear stress.
They are typically asymmetric and occur when rocks are subjected to
horizontal shear forces.
3. Lineations: Lineations are linear features observed on rocks, indicating
the direction of maximum shear stress. They can be mineral elongations,
stretched pebbles, or other linear features aligned due to shear forces.
4. Pull-Apart Basins: Pull-apart basins are geological depressions that
form when two blocks of the Earth's crust are moving away from each
other due to shear stress. These basins often fill with sediments and can
lead to the formation of rift valleys.