BEAM DETAILS FOR LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT

Width (b) = 400mm

Overall depth (D) = 700mm
Effective cover (d’) = 33mm
Effective Depth (d) = 667mm
Grade of concrete (fck) = M25
Yield strength of steel (fy) = Fe500
Yield strength of rebar (fyr) = Fe415
Main Bar diameter Φ = 25mm
Rebar diameter Φ = 10mm
Beam Name = G1-G2
Length of Beam = 3.75m
Width of support(Column) = 650mm
Clear Span of Beam = 3.1m

Flexure Analysis of beam member is carried out for beam G1-G2

REFERENCES S.N ANALYSIS/CALCULATION OUTPUT

1. The minimum longitudinal reinforcement shall be
(IS 13920:1993, provided at both the top and bottom of the section and
Clause 6.2.1.b) should not be less than Ast(min)

(IS 456:2000,
Clause 26.5.1.1a)
{
Ast (min) ≥max 0.24
fy fy }
√ f ck bd, 0.85 bd

2. The minimum area of tension reinforcement on flexure

member given by:
Ast(min) =0.24
√ f ck bD
(IS13920:1993, fy
Clause 6.2.1.b)
=0.24*
√25 *400*667
500
=672 mm2
(IS456:2000, Ast(min) =
0.85
Clause 26.5.1.1a) Ast(min) = bd 672 mm2
fy
0.85
= *400*667
500
(IS456:2000, = 453.56 mm2
Ast(max) =
Clause 26.5.1.1b, 11200 mm2
26.5.1.2) Ast(max) = 0.04bD
=0.04*400*700
=11200 mm2
Mu,lim = 594.399
( IS 456:2000
Clause G-1.1 c) ( ){
X
Mu,lim = 0.36* u , l * 1−0.42
d ( )}
X u ,l
d
*bd2fck KNm

The limiting moment,

 Mu,lim = 0.36*0.46*{ 1−0.42∗0.46 }*400*6672*25
= 594.399 KNm
ANALYSIS OF THE BEAM SECION AT THE LEFT END
3. Top Reinforcement (Combination UDCON14)
Data are UDCON14 = 1.5DL-1.5EQX
abstracted from Factored Positive Moment (Mu) = -372.5269 KNm
ETABS 16.2.1 Torsion(Tu) = 10.7739KNm
The moment due to torsion is obtained as:
Mt = Tu*{1+ D /b
1.7 }
Torsional moment (Mt ) = 17.428 KNm
Since, Mu> Mt so,
Total Design moment (Me1) = Mu + Mt
(IS 456:2000 = -389.955 KNm
Clause 38.1) As, Mel<Mu,lim (=594.399 KNm)
Annex G ( G.1.1
b) We have for singly reinforced beam.
For given moment of resistance, area of reinforcement
at top can be computed as:

(
Me1=0.87 fyAst d 1-
6
)
Ast f y
bd f ck
389.955*10 =0.87 *500*Ast*667*

( 1-
Ast *500
400*6 6 7 *25 ) Ast(top) =
Solving, 1516.367 mm2
Ast, (top)= 1516.367mm2

Since, Ast>Ast(min) (= 672 mm2) (ok)

Therefore, Ast, (top)= 1516.367 mm2
4. Bottom Reinforcement (Combination UDCON17)
(IS 13920:1993, UDCON17 = 0.9DL+1.5EQX
Clause 6.2.3) Factored Negative Moment (Mu) = 315.2795 KNm
Torsion(Tu) = 3.5832 KNm
The moment due to torsion is obtained as:
Mt = Tu*{1+ D /b
1.7 }
Torsional moment (Mt ) = 5.7964 KNm
Since, Mu> Mt so,
Total Design moment (Me1) = Mu + Mt
= 321.0759KNm
As, Mel<Mu,lim (=594.399 = KNm)
We have for singly reinforced beam.

For given moment of resistance, area of reinforcement

at top can be computed as:
 Me1=0.87 FyAst d 1-
6
( Ast f y
bd f ck )
321.0759*10 =0.87 *500*Ast*667*
Ast,(bottom) =
( A *500
1- st
400*6 6 7*25 ) 1217.772 mm2

Solving,
Ast= 1217.772 mm2
Since, Ast>Ast(min) (= 672 mm2) (ok)
Therefore, Ast, (bottom)= 1217.772 mm2
ANALYSIS OF THE BEAM SECION AT THE MIDDLE SPAN
5. Top Reinforcement (Combination UDCON 19)
Data are UDCON19 = 0.9DL+1.5EQY
abstracted from Factored positive Moment (Mu) =-2.3945 KNm
ETABS 16.2.1 Torsion (Tu) = 7.7154 KNm
The moment due to torsion is obtained as:
Mt = Tu*{1+ D /b
1.7 }
Torsional moment (Mt ) = 12.4808 KNm
(IS 456:2000 Since, Mu< Mt so,
Clause 38.1) Total Design (-ve) moment (Me1) = Mu- Mt
Annex G(G.1.1 b) = -14.8753 KNm
As, Mel<Mu,lim (=594.399 KNm)
We have for singly reinforced beam.

For given moment of resistance, area of reinforcement

at Bottom can be computed as:

Me1=0.87 fyAst d 1-
6
(
Ast f y
bd f ck )
14.8753*10 =0.87 *500*Ast*667*

( 1-
Ast *500
400*6 6 7 *25 ) Ast(top) =
672mm2
Solving,
Ast (top) = 51.467mm2
Since, Ast<Ast(min) (= 672 mm2)
Therefore, Ast (top) = 672 mm2
(IS 13920:1993, 6. Bottom Reinforcement (Combination UNCON20)
Clause 6.2.4) UDCON20 = 0.9DL-1.5EQY
Factored Negative Moment (Mu) = 22.9377 KNm
Torsion (Tu) = 7.5905 KNm
The moment due to torsion is obtained as:
Mt = Tu*{1+ D /b
1.7 }
Torsional moment (Mt ) = 12.2788 KNm
Since, Mu< Mt so,
 Total Design moment (Me1) = Mu+ Mt
= 35.2165 KNm
As, Mel<Mu,lim (=594.399 KNm)
We have for singly reinforced beam.

For given moment of resistance, area of reinforcement

at Bottom can be computed as:

(
Me1=0.87 fyAst d 1-
6
)
Ast f y
bd f ck
35.2165*10 =0.87 *500*Ast*667*

( 1-
Ast *500
400*6 6 7 *25 ) Ast (bottom) =
672 mm2
Solving,
Ast (bottom) = 122.500 mm2
Since, Ast<Ast(min) (=672 mm2)
Therefore, Ast (bottom) = 672 mm2
ANALYSIS OF THE BEAM SECTION AT RIGHT END
Data are 7. Top Reinforcement (UDCON 13)
abstracted from UDCON13 = 1.5DL+1.5EQX
ETABS 16.2.1 Factored Negative Moment (Mu) = -301.841 KNm
Torsion(Tu) = 3.7249 KNm
The moment due to torsion is obtained as:
Mt = Tu*{1+ D /b
1.7 }
Torsional moment (Mt) = 6.0256 KNm
Since, Mu>Mt so,
(IS 456:2000 Total Design moment (Me1) = Mu+ Mt
Clause 38.1) = -307.867KNm
Annex G(G.1.1 b) As, Mel<Mu, lim (=594.399 KNm)
We have for singly reinforced beam.

For given moment of resistance, area of reinforcement

at Top can be computed as:

(
Me1=0.87 fyAst d 1-
6
)
Ast f y
bd f ck
307.867*10 =0.87 *500*Ast*667*

( 1-
Ast *500
400*6 6 7 *25 ) Ast(top) =
1162.359 mm2
Solving,
Ast (top) =1162.359 mm2
Since, Ast<Ast(min) (= 672 mm2)
Therefore,Ast (top) = 1162.359 mm2
(IS 13920:1993, 8. Bottom Reinforcement (UDCON 14)
Clause 6.2.3) UDCON14 = 1.5DL-1.5EQX
Factored Positive Moment (Mu) = 301.5642 KNm
 Torsion(Tu) = 3.6351 KNm
The moment due to torsion is obtained as:
Mt = Tu* {
1+ D /b
1.7 }
Torsional moment (Mt ) = 5.8803 KNm
Since, Mu>Mt so,
Total Design moment (Me1) = Mu+ Mt
= 307.4445 KNm
(+ve moment)
As, Mel<Mu, lim (=594.399 KNm)
We have for singly reinforced beam.

For given moment of resistance, area of reinforcement

at top can be computed as:

Me1=0.87 fyAst d 1- ( Ast f y

bd f ck )
=307.4445*106=0.87 *500*Ast*667*

(1-
Ast *500
400*6 6 7*25 ) Ast,(bottom) =
1160.597 mm2
Solving,
Ast, (bottom)= 1160.597 mm2
Since, Ast>Ast(min) (=672 mm2) (ok)
Therefore, Ast, (bottom)= 1160.597 mm2

FINAL SUMMARY OF REINFORCEMENT CALCULATION

TOP BOTTOM
Ast
≥ max
{ A st from -ve moment induced,Ast≥ max ¿
}
{ }
Minimum reinforcement required by Code 1217.772 mm 2
LEFT 1516.367
Ast≥ max ( 4 758.183 )
SECTION
{ } 2
2
≥ max 1516.367 mm
Ast
672 mm
2
672 mm2
Ast = 1217.772 mm2
2
Ast= 1516.367 mm

Ast
≥ max
{Minimum reinforcement required by Code }
A from -ve moment induced,A ≥ max ¿
st st

{ }
2
122.500 mm
MID 672
Ast≥ max ( =336 mm2 )
{ }
SECTION 51.467 mm
2 2 2
Ast≥ max 2
672 mm
672 mm
Ast = 672 mm2
Ast= 672 mm2
RIGHT Ast Ast
SECTION
≥ max
{ A st from -ve moment induced,
Minimum reinforcement required by Code }
 { }
A st from+ve moment induced,
≥ max half of the maximum negative steel at joint face
Minimum reinforcement required by code
{ }
{ }
2
1162.36 mm
Ast≥ max 2 1160.597 mm
2
672 mm
1162.36
Ast≥ max ( =581.179 mm 2)
2
Ast= 1162.36 mm2 2
672 mm
Ast = 1160.597mm2

COMPARISION BETWEEN ETABS VALUE AND MANUAL VALUE

Position Manual Calculation ETABS Calculation

Ast % Ast %
Left(Top) 1516.37 0.5416 1520 0.5429
Left(Bottom) 1217.77 0.4349 1220 0.4357
Mid(Top) 672.00 0.2400 672 0.2400
Mid(Bottom) 672.00 0.2400 672 0.2400
Right(Top) 1162.36 0.4151 1165 0.4161
Right(Bottom) 1160.60 0.4145 1163 0.4154

Hence,
Reinforcement Distribution In Member

Member Section Steel Area Bars Lateral Spacing Area

position Reinforcement Required Provided Of Bars C/C Provided
Position Ar(mm2) Excluding Ap(mm2)
d'=30mm from
both edges(mm)
Left End Top 1516.37 4-25mm 111.3 1963.495
Bottom 1217.77 3-25mm 167.0 1472.622
Beam 7 Mid-Span Top 672.00 2-25mm 334.0 981.748
Bottom 672.00 2-25mm 334.0 981.748
Right End Top 1162.36 4-25mm 111.3 1963.495
Bottom 1160.60 3-25mm 167.0 1472.622

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION:

The discrepancy lies on addressing the differences between moment resistance values calculated by
ETABS (factored moment + torsional moment) and from moment envelope value which we have
considered on the manual calculation. Not only the external moment due to loading but also the
twisting effect (torsional moment) produced by various load combination plays the significant role
on the distribution of the longitudinal reinforcement. The number of output station consider for
displaying output may vary the result in some cases.
 From design check of the structure also it can be noticed that the critically longest beam will
directly influence the result and the necessity of the reinforcement.

1516.37 672 1162.36

1217.77 672 1160.60

Fig: - Illustration of Ast required

406.9506 320.5885

336.4139 320.5885

Fig: - Illustration of capacity moment of beam

SHEAR REINFORCEMENT DETAIL OF BEAM

ANALYSIS OF THE BEAM SECTION AT LEFT END

Factored shear force corresponding to (combo12) (V2) = 69.2696 KN
UDCON12 = 1.2DL+1.2LL-1.2EQY
From shear envelop shear reinforcement analysis for beam G1-G2 at left section shows factored shear
force (V2) is greater at combo 12, so shear analysis is carried accordingly as shown in table:
RREFERENCES S.N. CALCULATION/ANALYSIS OUTPUT
1. The equivalent shear force (Ve) to be resisted shall
be the maximumof below two in addition of shear
corresponding to the torsional moment.
 Calculated factored shear force (V 2) as per analysis,
and
(IS 456:2000,
 Shear force due to formation of plastic hinges
Clause 41. 3.1)
at both ends of the beam (Vp) plus the
factored gravity load on the span (Vg).
The mathematical expressions is given below
Tu
Ve =|V p + Vg or V 2| whichever is greater+1.6
b
(IS 13920 : 1993, 2. Shear force due to formation of plastic hinge at end Vp= 328.566
 of beam

Vp=1.4(
Sum of sagging MOR of one end and hogging MOR of anotner end
Clear span of beam
)
=1.4 ¿ whichever is greater,
LS LH RS RH
MR MR MR MR
Clause 6.3.3) KN
Moment
from
336.4139 406.9506 320.5885 320.5885
ETABs
kNm

336.4139 +320.5885 406.9506+320.5885

Vp= 1.4 ( or ¿
3.1 3.1
=(296.711 or 328.566)
= 328.566 KN
Factored shear 3. Shear force due to factored gravity load
Vg = -45.6368
force Vg = 1.5 (DL+LL)
KN
Vg= 1.5 (DL +LL) i.e. Vg = -45.6368 KN
4. Now,
Vp+Vg
Vp+Vg> V2
=328.566+45.6368
=374.2028KN > V2 (69.2696KN)
Vp+Vg> V2 Now equivalent shear force Ve is governed by the sum of Vp+Vg and shear force due to
torsional moment. it is obvious that Vp+Vg is nearly same for the other load combination but the shear
force due to torsional moment varies according the various combination so, shear force due to torsional
moment is predominant in determining the equivalent shear.
Now, proceeding with the Load combination 12 for the analysis of Shear Force
5. Shear force corresponding to the torsional
T
momentVt=1.6 u
b Vt = 74.5992 KN
18.6498
=1.6 *
0.4
=74.5992 KN
6. Equivalent Shear Force corresponding to
Combo
(IS 456 : 2000,
Ve = Vp+Vg+Vt Ve = 448.8020 KN
Clause 41.3.1)
=374.2028+74.5992
=448.8020 KN
7. NOMINAL SHEAR STRESS
Vu
(IS 456 : 2000, Calculation on nominal Shear stressτ V =
bd τ V =1.403 N/mm2
Clause 40.1) 3
374.2028* 10
=
400*6 67
=1.403 N/mm2
 (IS 456: 2000, 8. Maximum Shear Stress τ c max
table 20) For M25 grade of concrete, τ cmax = 3.1 N/mm2
τ c max =3.1 N/mm2
9. Design strength of concrete τ c
Shear Force for concrete Vuc= τ c∗bd
τ cis the function of percentage of steel and Grade
of concrete
Percentage of steel corresponding to highest
reinforcement
100 A st
P t=
bd

100*1963.495 τ c=0.5655 N/mm2

=
(IS 456: 2000, 400*6 67
Clause 40.2) =0.736%
Vuc=150.8759 KN
For pt=0.736% and M25 grade interpolation from
table 19,
On interpolation
τ c −0.49 0.736−0.5
=
0.57−0.49 0.75−0.5
τ c= 0.5655 N/mm2

Vuc= τ c∗bd
= 0.5655*400*667
=150.8759 KN
10. If τ c < τ V<τ Cmax design of Shear Reinforcement is
necessary

τ
(IS 456: 2000, If τ c > τ Valso c > τ v theoretically shear
2 τ c < τ V<τ Cmax
Clause 40.2.3)
reinforcement is not required Design of Shear
Reinforcement is
τ necessary
(IS 456 : 2000, If τ c > τ Valso c < τ v minimum shear reinforcement
Clause 26.5.1.6) 2
is provided
If τ V>τ Cmax failure condition is declared ;redesign
the section
11. Shear reinforcement should be provided for
(IS 456: 2000, shear equal to,
Clause 40.4) Vus= Ve-Vuc Vus= 297.9262 KN
= (448.8020 – 150.8759) kN
= 297.9262 KN
12. Area for Vertical Stirrups per unit spacing Asv
=1.2371 mm2/mm
Sv
Asv Vus
( )=
Sv 0.87 Fy d
 3
297.9262* 10
=
0.87*415*6 6 7
=1.2371 mm2/mm
13. Design of shear reinforcement

Minimum shear reinforcement

Providing 2-legged 10mmφ stirrups,
Asv=157.075mm2
157.075
Spacing (Sv)= = 126.971 mm Sv =150mm
1.2371
Hence, provide spacing of shear
reinforcement(Sv)= 125 mm
14. DESIGN FOR TORSION
REINFORCEMENT

Area for Vertical Stirrups per unit spacing

(IS 456: 2000, A svt T u Vu A svt

( )= + = 0.8978mm2/mm
Clause 41.4.3) S v b 1d 1*0.87*f y 2.5d 1 *0.87f y Sv
6 3
18.6498* 10 374.2028*10
= +
334∗634∗0.87∗415 2.5*634*0.87*415

=0.8978 mm2/mm
15. CHECK FOR MINIMUM SHEAR
REINFORCEMENT
(IS 456:2000,
Clause 26.5.1.6) Asv HENCE OK
0.4
≥
Sv 0.87 Fy
1.2371 ≥ 0.001108

ANALYSIS OF THE BEAM SECTION AT MIDDLE END

Factored shear force corresponding to combo 9 (V2) = 134.0824 KN
UDCON9 = 1.2DL+1.2LL+1.2EQx

From shear envelop shear reinforcement analysis for beam G1-G2 at middle section shows factored
shear force (V2) is greater at combo 9, so shear analysis is carried accordingly as shown in table:

REFERENCES S.N CALCULATION/ANALYSIS OUTPUT

(IS 456:2000, 1. The equivalent shear force (Ve) to be resisted shall be the
Clause 41. 3.1) maximum of below two in addition of shear corresponding to
the torsional moment.
  Calculated factored shear force (V2) as per analysis, and
 Shear force due to formation of plastic hinges at both
ends of the beam (Vp) plus the factored gravity load on
the span (Vg).
The mathematical expressions is given below
Tu
Ve =|V p + Vg or V 2| whichever is greater+1.6
b
2. Shear force due to formation of plastic hinge at end of
beam

Vp
=1.4(
Sum of sagging MOR of one end and hogging MOR of anotner end
Clear span of beam
)
=1.4 ¿ whichever is greater,
(IS 13920:1993, Vp= 328.566
LS LH RS RH
Clause 6.3.3) MR MR MR MR KN
Moment
from 320.588
336.4139 406.9506 320.5885
ETABs 5
kNm

336.4139 +320.5885 406.9506+320.5885

Vp= 1.4 ( or ¿
3.1 3.1
=(296.711 or 328.566)
= 328.566 KN
Factored shear 3. Shear force due to factored gravity load
Vg = -
force Vg = 1.5 (DL+LL)
27.8386KN
Vg=1.5(DL +LL) i.e. Vg = -27.8386 KN
4. Now,
Vp+Vg
Vp+Vg> V2
=328.566+27.8386
=356.4047 > V2 (134.0824KN)
Vp+Vg> V2 Now equivalent shear force Ve is governed by the sum of Vp+V g and shear force due to
torsional moment. it is obvious that Vp+Vgis nearly same for the other load combination but the shear
force due to torsional moment varies according the various combination so, shear force due to torsional
moment is predominant in determining the equivalent shear.
Now, proceeding with the Load combination 8 for the analysis of Shear Force
5. Shear force corresponding to the torsional
T
momentVt=1.6 u
b Vt =24.4436
6.1109 KN
=1.6 *
0.4
=24.4436 KN
(IS 456 : 2000, 6. Equivalent Shear Force corresponding to Combo 7 Ve = 380.8483
 Ve = Vp+Vg+Vt
Clause 41.3.1) =356.4047+24.4436 KN
=380.8483 KN
7. NOMINAL SHEAR STRESS
Vu
(IS 456: 2000, Calculation on nominal Shear stressτ V =
bd τ V =1.4275
Clause 40.1) 3
356.4047* 10 N/mm2
=
400*6 67
= 1.4275N/mm2
(IS 456: 2000, 8. Maximum Shear Stress τ c max
τ cmax = 3.1
table 20) For M25 grade of concrete,
N/mm2
τ c max = 3.1 N/mm2
9. Design strength of concrete τ c

Shear Force for concrete Vuc= τ c∗bd

τ cis the function of percentage of steel and Grade of
concrete
Percentage of steel corresponding to highest
reinforcement
100 A st
pt= τ c=0.4213
(IS 456: 2000, bd N/mm2
100*981.7477
Clause 40.2) = Vuc =
400*6 67 112.415 KN
=0.368%
For pt=0.368% and M25 grade interpolation from table
19,
On interpolation
τ c=0.4213 N/mm2

Vuc= τ c∗bd
= 0.4213*400*667
=112.4149 KN
10. If τ c < τ V<τ Cmax design of Shear Reinforcement is
necessary

τ
If τ c > τ Valso c > τ v theoretically shear reinforcement is
(IS 456: 2000, 2 τ c < τ V<τ Cmax
Clause 40.2.3) not required
τ design of Shear
If τ c > τ Valso c < τ v minimum shear reinforcement is Reinforcement
2 is necessary
(IS 456 : 2000, provided
Clause 26.5.1.6)
If τ V>τ Cmax failure condition is declared ;redesign the
section

(IS 456: 2000, 11. Shear reinforcement should be provided for shear Vus= 268.4333
Clause 40.4) equal to, KN
 Vus= Ve-Vuc
= 356.4047 – 112.4149 KN
=268.4333 KN
12. Area for Vertical Stirrups per unit spacing
Asv Vus
( ) = Asv
Sv 0.87 Fy d =1.1147mm
3 Sv
268.4333* 10 2
= /mm
0.87*415*6 6 7
= 1.1147 mm2/mm
13. Design of shear reinforcement
Minimum shear reinforcement
Providing 2-legged 10mmφ stirrups, Asv=157.075mm2
157.075 Sv =125 mm
Spacing (Sv)= = 140.921mm
1.1147
Hence, provide spacing of shear reinforcement(Sv) =
125 mm
14. DESIGN FOR TORSION REINFORCEMENT

Area for Vertical Stirrups per unit spacing

A svt T u Vu A svt
(IS 456 : 2000, ( )= + =0.7027mm
S v b 1d 1*0.87*f y 2.5d 1 *0.87f y Sv
Clause 41.4.3) 2
/mm
6 3
6.1109*10 356.405*10
= +
334∗634∗0.87∗415 2.5*634*0.87*415

=0.7027 mm2/mm
15. CHECK FOR MINIMUM SHEAR
REINFORCEMENT
(IS 456:2000,
Clause 26.5.1.6) Asv HENCE OK
0.4
≥
Sv 0.87 Fy
1.1147 ≥ 0.00111

ANALYSIS OF THES.N. BEAM SECTION CALCULATION/ANALYSIS

AT RIGHT END OUTPUT
Factored shear force corresponding to combo 8 (V2 =98.1221 KN)
UDCON8 = 0.9DL-1.5WIND

From shear envelop shear reinforcement analysis for beam G1-G2 at right section shows factored shear
force (V2) is greater at combo8, so shear analysis is carried accordingly as shown in table:
RREFERENCES
1. The equivalent shear force (Ve) to be resisted shall be
the maximum of below two in addition of shear
corresponding to the torsional moment.
 Calculated factored shear force (V2) as per analysis,
and
(IS 456:2000,
 Shear force due to formation of plastic hinges at both
Clause 41. 3.1)
ends of the beam (Vp) plus the factored gravity load
on the span (Vg).
The mathematical expressions is given below
Tu
Ve =|V p + Vg or V 2| whichever is greater+1.6
b
2. Shear force due to formation of plastic hinge at end
of beam

Vp =1.4(
Sum of sagging MOR of one end and hogging MOR of anotner end
Clear span of beam
)
=1.4 ¿ whichever is greater,
(IS 13920 : 1993, LS LH RS RH
MR MR MR MR Vp=328.566 KN
Clause 6.3.3)
Moment
from
336.4139 406.9506 320.5885 320.5885
ETABs
kNm

336.4139 +320.5885 406.9506+320.5885

Vp= 1.4 ( or ¿
3.1 3.1
=(296.711 or 328.566)
= 328.566 KN
Factored shear 3. Shear force due to factored gravity load
Vg
force Vg = 1.5 (DL+LL)
=17.7549KN
V2= 1.5( DL+LL) i.e. Vg = 17.7549 KN
4. Now,
Vp+Vg
Vp+Vg> V2
=328.566+17.7549
=346.3209 KN > V2 (9.7795KN)
Vp+Vg> V2 Now equivalent shear force Ve is governed by the sum of Vp+Vg and shear force due to
torsional moment. it is obvious that V p+Vgis nearly same for the other load combination but the shear
force due to torsional moment varies according the various combination so, shear force due to torsional
moment is predominant in determining the equivalent shear.
Now, proceeding with the Load combination 8 for the analysis of Shear Force

5. Shear force corresponding to the torsional Vt =78.0588

KN
 Tu
momentVt=1.6
b
19.5147
=1.6 *
0.4
=78.0588 KN
6. Equivalent Shear Force corresponding to Combo 16
(IS 456 : 2000, Ve = Vp+Vg+Vt Ve = 424.3797
Clause 41.3.1) =346.3209+78.0588 KN
=424.3797 KN
7. NOMINAL SHEAR STRESS
Vu
(IS 456: 2000, Calculation on nominal Shear stressτ V =
bd τ V =1.5906
Clause 40.1) 3
346.3209* 10 N/mm2
=
400*6 67
= 1.5906 N/mm2
(IS 456: 2000, 8. Maximum Shear Stress τ c max
τ cmax = 3.1
table 20) For M25 grade of concrete,
N/mm2
τ c max = 3.1 N/mm2
9. Design strength of concrete τ c
Shear Force for concrete Vuc= τ c∗bd
τ cis the function of percentage of steel and Grade of
concrete
Percentage of steel corresponding to highest
reinforcement
100 A st
pt=
bd τ c=
(IS 456: 2000, 100*1963.495
= 0.5655N/mm2
Clause 40.2) 400*6 67 Vuc =
=0.736% 150.876 KN
For pt=0.736% and M25 grade interpolation from table
19,
On interpolation
τ c=0.5655 N/mm2

Vuc= τ c∗bd
= 0.5655*400*667
=150.8759 KN
10. If τ c < τ V<τ Cmax design of Shear Reinforcement is τ c < τ V<τ Cmax
(IS 456: 2000, necessary design of Shear
Clause 40.2.3) Reinforcement
τ is necessary
If τ c > τ Valso c > τ v theoretically shear reinforcement is
2
(IS 456 : 2000, not required
Clause 26.5.1.6) τ
If τ c > τ Valso c < τ v minimum shear reinforcement is
2
provided
 If τ V>τ Cmax failure condition is declared ;redesign the
section

11. Shear reinforcement should be provided for shear

equal to,
(IS 456: 2000, Vus= 273.5039
Vus= Ve-Vuc
Clause 40.4) KN
= 424.3797 – 150.8759 kN
=273.5039 KN
12. Area for Vertical Stirrups per unit spacing
Asv Vus
( )= Asv
Sv 0.87 Fy d =1.1358
3 Sv
273.5039* 10
= mm2/mm
0.87*415*6 6 7
=1.1358 mm2/mm
13. Design of shear reinforcement
Minimum shear reinforcement
Providing 2-legged 10mmφ stirrups, Asv=157.075mm2
157.075 Sv =150mm
Spacing (Sv) = = 138.309mm
1.1358
Hence, provide spacing of shear reinforcement(Sv)
=125mm
14. DESIGN FOR TORSION REINFORCEMENT

Area for Vertical Stirrups per unit spacing

A svt T u Vu A svt
(IS 456 : 2000, ( )= + =0.8604
S v b 1d 1*0.87*f y 2.5d 1 *0.87f y Sv
Clause 41.4.3)
mm2/mm
6 3
33.9331* 10 346.3209*10
= +
334∗634∗0.87∗415 2.5*634*0.87*415

=0.8604 mm2/mm
15. CHECK FOR MINIMUM SHEAR
REINFORCEMENT
(IS 456:2000,
Clause 26.5.1.6) Asv HENCE OK
0.4
≥
Sv 0.87 Fy
1.1358 ≥ 0.00111
 CHECK FOR DEFLECTION

The vertical deflection limits may generally be assumed

to be satisfied provided that:
L/d ≤ αβϒδ
Now,
α=23 (averge of simply supported and cont. beam)
β=1 (Since span is less than 10m)

For ϒ,
IS 456:2000 Area required of tension reinforcement(Areq)= 672mm2
Cl 23.2.1(a,b,c,d) For provided area,
Provide diameter of longitudinal rebar (ɸ)=25mm
Area of individual rebar(Ain)=490.8739mm2
Area provided of tension reinforcement(Areq) = 981.748
mm2
A req
fs=0.58*fy*
A prov
672
=0.58*500*
981.748
=198.503Mpa
100∗981.748
Percentage of steel= =0.351 %
400∗700
ϒ=1.8

For δ,
Area provided for compression reinforcement(Areq)=
981.748 mm2
100∗603.186
Percentage of steel= =0.351 %
350∗700
 δ=1.1

L 3.75
We have, = =5.622
d 0.667

Also,
αβϒδ=23*1*1.8*1.1=45.54>5.622 (ok)
 DEVELOPMENT LENGTH

Clause 26.2.1 The minimum development length required (Ld)=

¿ 0.87∗f y
4∗τ bd
Clause 26.2.1.1 Dia of bar used = 25 mm
For M25 concrete design bond stress (τ bd ¿ = 1.4 N/mm2
For deformed bars ,it is increased by 60
Clause 26.2.2.1
It is again increased by 25 for compression bars
Hence,
Clause 26.2.2.2 For compression (τ bd) =1.4*1.6*1.25
=2.8 N/mm2
For tension (τ bd) = 1.4*1.6
Clause 26.2.3.3 = 2.24 N/mm2
Minimum development length (Ld) required for
IS:456-2000 Compression steel = 38.839 mm
= 970.98 mm

Tension steel = 48.549 mm

= 1213.73 mm
In an external joint for both top and bottom bars of beam
Ductile Detailing
IS:13920-1993, Anchorage length needed = Ld(tension)+10*provided
Clause 6.2.5 = 1213.73+250
= 1463.73 mm
In an internal joint
Both top and bottom bars of beam shall be taken continuously
through the column.
The spacing of stirrups at a distance of 2d
Ductile Detailing = 1334mm from each end should be
IS:13920-1993,  d/4 (166.75mm)
Clause 6.3.5 8*dia. Of smallest longitudinal bar =200mm
100mm

Hence, 10mm  two legged vertical stirrups @100mm C/C

is provided up to the distance of 1334 mm from each end.

And the distance of first hoop is kept at a distance of 40mm

from each end (maximum 50mm).
In other locations verticals hoops shall be placed at a
spacing not exceeding d/2 =(667/2)=333.5 mm