Introduction To Embedded SystemV4

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43 (Hypervisors)
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Introduction To
Embedded System
ENG.KEROLES SHENOUDA
https://www.facebook.com/groups/embedded.system.KS/
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Agenda
embedded_system
 the beginning story

 Embedded System
 job Vacancies
 Advanced Topics
 Diploma 5
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the beginning story
Communication Engineer
Telecommunications Engineer
Embedded System
Analog engineer Digital Designer

Network
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44 embedded_system
the beginning story
 Courses:
 GSM
 GPRS
 UMTS
 CDMA
 LTE
 RF
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Operators #Be_professional_in
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Mobile Operators:
embedded_system
Vodafone:
http://www.vodafone.com.eg/vodafoneportalWeb/en/P63831
Mobinil:
http://www.mobinil.com/Careers.aspx Telecom Egypt.
http://www.telecomegypt.com.eg/english/careers.asp
Etisalat:
http://etisalat.com.eg/etisalat/Etisalat_Portal_En/about/careers.htm?_page
id=42,1&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL&siteAlias=etisalat&sitePath=Etis
alat_Portal_En&kpAlias=about&pageAlias=careers
Orascom Telecom:
http://www.orascomtelecom.com/Career/Content/default.aspx?ID=1104
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Vendors
6
Mobile Operators:
embedded_system
Ericsson:
http://www.ericsson.com/careers
Huawei:
http://career.huawei.com/career/en/i18n/index.do?callMethod=in
dex
Nokia Siemens Networks:

http://www.nokiasiemensnetworks.com/about-us/careers
Alcatel-Lucent:
http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/wps/portal/careers
ZTE:
http://wwwen.zte.com.cn/en/
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Mobile Operators:
embedded_system
Orascom Trading:
MobiServ: It is working in GSM Network construction and maintenance.
http://www.mobiserve.com.eg/Careers.html http://www.orascom-trading.com/default.aspx
Alkan Holdings: ICTS:

http://www.alkan.com/docs/jobs/default.aspx http://www.icts-egy.com/index.asp
Alkan Telecom: ACTEL:

One of the Alkan subsidiaries http://www.actel.com.eg/Career.htm
http://www.alkantelecom.com/Frontend/Pages/home.aspx
BTC Networks:
http://www.btc-networks.com/index.php?id=116
Alkan Networks:
One of the Alkan subsidiaries. Uniserve:
http://www.alkannetworks.com/Frontend/Pages/home.aspx http://www.uniserveco.com/Careers.htm
Systel: TeleTech:
http://www.systel.com.eg/career.html http://www.teletech-eg.com/English/E-Business/Careers/Application/ListAllJobs_e.aspx
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the beginning story
Embedded System

Network
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Analog engineer
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Analog Engineer
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Analog Engineer
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3 Bit Flash ADC

(1.5µm)
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Analog Engineer
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Phase Locked
Loop
(0.18µm)
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the beginning story 13
Embedded System

Network
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the beginning story
Digital Designer
Digital Verification Engineer
ASIC Design Engineer
Digital Design Engineer
FPGA Prototype QA/Test Engineer
Hardware Engineer
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VLSI Industry
embedded_system
 We can now fabricate millions of transistors in a unit square inch piece

of silicon
 Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI).
 To facilitate this complex design and fabrication of an IC Various

Automatic Tools and machines are available.
 VLSI Design Styles
 Full Custom
 Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)
 Programmable Logic (PLD, FPGA)
 System-on-a-Chip (SoC)
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Application Specific Integrated

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Circuits(ASIC)
 Design for special application
 Processors are kind of ASICs
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Digital Engineer
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Hardware Description Language

HDL
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Digital Engineer
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Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA)
embedded_system
 Pre-manufactured components with programmable

interconnect
 CAD tools greatly reduce design effort
 Lower Performance
 Designing with FPGA: Faster, Cheaper
 Ideal for customized designs
 Product differentiation in a fast-changing
market
 Offer the advantages of high integration
 High complexity, density, reliability
 Low cost, power consumption, small physical size
 Avoid the problems of ASICs
 high NRE cost, long delay in design and testing
 increasingly demanding electrical issues
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SOC And FPGA
embedded_system
SoC FPGA devices integrate both processor and FPGA architectures into a single
device. Consequently, they provide higher integration, lower power, smaller
board size, and higher bandwidth communication between the processor and
FPGA. They also include a rich set of peripherals, on-chip memory, an FPGA-
style logic array, and high speed transceivers.
FPGA / SoC Programming Engineer
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Xilinx Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC
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Xilinx Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC
embedded_system
This video demonstrates the 4K video processing capabilities of Zynq® UltraScale+™

MPSoC EV devices. These devices feature an integrated multi-standard video codec
capable of simultaneous encode and decode at up to 60 frames per second. With quad
ARM® Cortex™-A53 cores for application processing and integrated programmable
logic for custom video processing engines, the ZU7EV device shown here is ideal for
multimedia applications.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4QZbh9JMf8Y
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Digital
Analog
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Types of VLSI Designers
embedded_system
 There are various engineers required at each step of design

 VLSI industry main technical fields
 1. EDA
 Development Developing EDA tools which will be used for designing chips Companies like Cadence, Mentor Graphics and
Synopsys are major players in this domain For People who have strong skills in C, C++, data structure and algorithms
 2. Semiconductor Research
 Developing next generation technology node. They mainly deal with fab and runs simulations an manufacturing processes
 3. Design
 Logic Designer Designing logic in VHDL, Verilog or any other language Responsible for desiging digital parts of ASICs,
FPGA desig Perform logic synthesis (Converting to hardware)
 Physical Design Starts from Synthesis, Placement, Routing, Post Routing optimization, Extraction, PDV (Physical
Design Verification) Checks Many sub domains Analog Design Mixed signal design Digital design implementation SRAM
or memory cell development
 Verification Engineer provides pseudo inputs and trigger to verify functionality of design, (Remember they don't
care about frequency here frequency is going to meet or not is job of Physical Design Engineers) Vera, OVM, VHDL,
Verilog languages are used in this domain, IP verification is another area demand these days.
 4. Manufacturing Working on developing masks, and manufacturing chips, Integrating and packaging chipm
Building system, PCB and Boards
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Digital Design Engineer
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Digital Courses
embedded_system
DIGITAL CIRCUIT DESIGN COURSES: Digital Design
 Digital IC Design Using Xilinx Tools

 VHDL
 Digital Design
 FPGA Introduction
 Digital Circuits
http://www.vlsiacademy.org/lectures.html
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Analog Courses
embedded_system
ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN

•Advanced Analog Design for DSM Technologies
•Custom IC Layout
•Analog IC Design
•Microelectronics Olympiad
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Embedded System

Network
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the beginning story
Network Engineer
Other job titles used for this area of work include:
•network/helpdesk support
Types of network
•support/security/systems engineer LANs - local area networks, linking a limited area such as a home, office or a small group of buildings
•IT/systems support engineer MANs - metropolitan area networks, linking a large area such as a campus
•network administrator WANs - wide area networks, which link nationally or internationally
WLAN - wireless local area network
•first/second-line support GANs - global area networks, combining all of the above with satellite mobile communication technologies
•network architect SAN - storage/system/server/small area network
CAN - campus/controller/cluster area network
•VoIP/Cisco engineer. PAN - personal area network
DAN - desk area network
VoIP - voice over internet protocol network.
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Embedded System

Network
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Embedded System
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What’s that ?
An embedded system is a special-purpose computer system designed to
perform one or a few dedicated functions,
often with real-time computing constraints.
It is usually embedded as part of a complete device including hardware and
mechanical parts.
In contrast, a general-purpose computer, such as a personal computer, can
do many different tasks depending on programming.
Embedded systems control many of the common devices in use today.
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Embedded Models
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 There are two main families of embedded system platforms
System on Chip (SOC) Microcontroller family
 Example : PIC and AVR

 Data bus could be 8/16 but
 Example : ARM, intel Atom and MIPS recently 32 bit.
 Used for example in Raspberry pi,  Limited performance.
Beaglebone, ….
 Data bus could be 32/64 bit.  Used for:
 Used for:  Interfacing to sensors
 Audio processing  Simple home automation
 Video processing  Control motors.
 Communication system
 Advanced guidance and navigation
system https://www.facebook.com/groups/embedded.system.KS/
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SOCs Examples: Raspberry Pi 2
embedded_system
The Raspberry Pi 2 Model B is the second generation

Raspberry Pi. It replaced the original Raspberry Pi 1
Model B+ in February 2015. Compared to the Raspberry
Pi 1 it has:
•A 900MHz quad-core ARM Cortex-A7 CPU
•1GB RAM
Like the (Pi 1) Model B+, it also has:
•4 USB ports
•40 GPIO pins
•Full HDMI port
•Ethernet port
•Combined 3.5mm audio jack and composite video
•Camera interface (CSI)
•Display interface (DSI)
•Micro SD card slot
•VideoCore IV 3D graphics core
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SOCs Examples: BeagleBone Black
embedded_system
 Processor: AM335x 1GHz ARM® Cortex-A8

 512MB DDR3 RAM
 4GB 8-bit eMMC on-board flash storage
 3D graphics accelerator
 NEON floating-point accelerator
 2x PRU 32-bit microcontrollers
 Connectivity
 USB client for power & communications
 USB host
 Ethernet
 HDMI
 2x 46 pin headers
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Renesas R-Car Starter Kit
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Renesas RH850D1M
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SOCs Examples: Arria10
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i.MX 6Dual/6Quad processor system
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Bare metal SW
embedded_system
 “Bare metal" means your application is accessing the silicon chip

directly without any intermediary like an OS.
 The application is the only software that executes on the
microprocessor/microcontroller.
 So we can considered that the Drivers is a bare metal Code and the
bios also.
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OS Application
embedded_system
 Write your application on the top of

the Operating System.
 On desktop computers, the selection
of an operating system (OS) is largely
a matter of taste - Windows vs Apple
vs Linux. There is relatively little
choice.
 For an embedded system, the matter
is much more complex. The large
number of options available reflect
the wide diversity of embedded
applications.
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Hypervisors
embedded_system
 Virtualization you can run operating systems called guests, inside a

sandbox contained under the control of another piece of software (the
hypervisor) that manages all interaction of the guest toward hardware. The
hypervisor runs at a more privileged level of hardware access than the
operating system (OS) kernel (supervisor) and user privilege of the guest
OS
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Embedded System
embedded_system
Fields
embedded System Basics Wireless Embedded

Automotive Field System
Embedded Linux field
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embedded System Basics
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learn C/EmbeddedC learn Microcontroller/Interfacing
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To learn C/EmbeddedC
Step 1: Study the following Parts
==========================
Part 1 : the Compiling process and charroduction to C
Programming
Part2 : C Variables & Comments & Data Types & printf/scanf
and Type casting
Part3: C fundamentals & C statements
Part4: Arrays & Strings
Part 5: C Functions
Part 6: Macros & #pragma
Part7: Structures & ENUM & UNION
Part8: pointers
Part9: Memory Allocation & Embedded C & Queue & Linked
List
PART10: Embedded C (startup & Linker & )
Kindly you can find all the parts on:
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B7kUsgpvTWFLdXNORTF4WTNPNnc
==========================
Step 2:
Validate you are aware for those conclusion or not
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B7kUsgpvTWFLU0kzX3FFRk9kZ3c
==========================
Step 3: Solve C/Embedded C Tricks
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AA3juBXgcqzDAa0POl-_QqktcP7D7mdt/view?usp=drivesdk https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/embedded-c-keroles-karam-1c/
==========================================
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To learn Microcontroller/Interfacing
==========================
Part 1 : Memory, internal structure of a microcontroller, clocks, CPU registers, Von Neumann/Harvard
Arch, pipeline And CISC/RISC
Part2 : GPIO Module
Part3: Keypad And LCD
Part4: Interrupt
Part 5: Timers
Part 6: ADC
Part7: UART
Part8: SPI
Part9: I2C
Part10: DDR4 SDRAM
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B7kUsgpvTWFLNXNUY2xKYmdRNkU
==========================
‫ عاوز انزل الكيت عشان اشتغل عليها‬labs
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7kUsgpvTWFLbHdLNVZqb3RsMUk/view
========================== https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/learning-embedded-system-concepts-step-
Step 2 Solve microcontroller/interfacing Tricks: by-step-from-scratch-karam/
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1wDdKaov75Uawk9MuM7QUs9XQaciHBHOn
==========================================
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Embedded System
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Fields

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Embedded Automotive
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Automotive industry
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Automotive Cycle
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What is AUTOSAR
embedded_system
 AUTOSAR partnership
10 Core Partners
48 Associate
Members
CapeWare
52 Premium Members
OEM Tier 1 Standard Tools Semi-

Software conductors
Source:
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What is Autosar?
embedded_system
 AUTOSAR (AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture) is an open and standardized

automotive software architecture, jointly developed by automobile manufacturers,
suppliers and tool developers. The AUTOSAR-standard enables the use of a component
based software design model for the design of a vehicular system. The design model
uses application software components which are linked through an abstract component,
named the virtual function bus.
 The application software components are the smallest pieces of application software
that still have a certain functionality. The software of an application can then be
composed by using different application software-components. Standardized interfaces
for all the application software components necessary to build the different
automotive applications are specified in the AUTOSAR-standards. By only defining
the interfaces, there is still freedom in the way of obtaining the functionality.
 The virtual function bus connects the different software components in the design
model. This abstract component interconnects the different application software
components and handles the information exchange between them. The virtual function
bus is the conceptualization of all hardware and system services offered by the
vehicular system. This makes it possible for the designers to focus on the application
instead of the infrastructure software.
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Autosar Layered Architecture
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Autosar Layered Architecture (Cont.)
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Autosar Layered Architecture (Cont.)
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learn Embedded Automotive 57

#Be_professional_in
embedded_system
(AUTOSAR/RTOS) Basics
==========================
Automotive Embedded System Part 1 (RTOS Basics)
Automotive Embedded System Part 2 (OSEK-vDX) PART1
Automotive Embedded System Part 5 (Introduction to AUTOSAR)
Automotive Embedded System Part 6 ( AUTOSAR Application Layer)
Automotive Embedded System Part 7 ( CAN)
Automotive Embedded System Part 8 ( CANFD, TTCAN ,LIN and FlexRay)
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B7kUsgpvTWFLMUhEaWd3eTZSMW8
==========================
Step 2:
AUTOSAR Basics HandBook

https://drive.google.com/open?id=1U3imGpifV6WV2l4yX-21JeIM6YH6liql
==========================
Step 3: Solve RTOS Tricks
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1U3imGpifV6WV2l4yX-21JeIM6YH6liql
========================================== https://www.facebook.com/groups/embedded.system.KS/
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Embedded System
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Fields

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Embedded Linux
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Historical Background
embedded_system
 It started in bell Labs with terminated project for Multics Multi-user

operating system
 Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thomson started to work on Unix 1969: first
Implementation of Unix.
 1972:Creation of “C” Programming Language to facilitate the porting.
 1973: Complete rewrite of UNIX into “c”
 Richard Stallman is Believing in free Software, he formed the Free

Software Foundation and Started the GNU [Gnu Not Unix] Project in
1983.
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Historical Background
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Global architecture
embedded_system
Application
C Libs
Cross Toolchain
Tools
Linux Kernel
Development PC
Linux Drivers
Microcontroller
Embedded Linux
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Software components
embedded_system
 1. Cross-compilation toolchain
▶ Compiler that runs on the development machine, but generates
code for the target
 2. Bootloader
▶ Started by the hardware, responsible for basic initialization,
loading and executing the kernel
 3. Linux Kernel
▶ Contains the process and memory management, network stack,
device drivers and provides services to user space applications
 4. Root File System: (User Space)
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Software components
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bootloader
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RPi Serial Connection
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Running Uboot
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learn Embedded Linux
embedded_system
first thing you should have

1. Embedded System Concepts
2. Good Knowledge on Linux administration

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E37vUKRpQwA&list=PLWXRxAK4bUzc9gq-
W2xWDe9zEaDcowLfs
3. Study embedded Linux Basics

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/embedded-linux-workshop-keroles-karam/
4.Deeply knowledge on embedded linux

https://bootlin.com/doc/training/embedded-linux/embedded-linux-slides.pdf
5.Yocto Project
https://bootlin.com/doc/training/yocto/yocto-slides.pdf
6.Embedded Linux Device Drivers

https://bootlin.com/doc/training/linux-kernel/linux-kernel-slides.pdf
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Embedded System
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Fields

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Wireless Embedded
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System
 http://www.vlsiacademy.org/wireless_es.html
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Embedded System Basics + RTOS + Software engineering 71 embedded_system
job Vacancies
Embedded Systems Engineer
Junior Embedded Software Engineer
Embedded Developer
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Automotive Embedded job Vacancies
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Embedded Linux job Vacancies
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EMBEDDED SW ENGINEER
Embedded SW developer
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https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/virtual-electronic-
control-unit-functional-mockup-systems-karam/
Advanced Topics
VIRTUAL ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT AS A FUNCTIONAL
MOCKUP UNIT FOR HETEROGENEOUS SYSTEMS (ISCAS 2018)
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Virtual Verification and Validation
embedded_system
 Integrated framework to simulate electronic system

(including digital and analog devices) with the
mechanical parts of a heterogeneous automotive
system is presented. The electronic system,
consisting of many Electronic Control Units (ECUs),
is modeled to simulate the mechatronic system
functionality. The recently developed Functional
Mock-up standard approach is used to have a model
for a complex cyber-physical automotive system.
The framework simulates real system including the
Hardware (HW) and the Software (SW) to run on
the ECUs. It allows Co-development of the
automotive system SW and HW while the mechanical
system is in the loop. Hardware and Software
debugging is demonstrated using the developed
methodology. The development cycle for the
automotive mechatronic system could be greatly
shortened using the proposed framework.
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Virtual Electronic Control Unit as a Functional Mockup Unit for 76 embedded_system
Heterogeneous Systems (ISCAS 2018)
 Video available on
 https://player.vimeo.com/video/272546121
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77 embedded_system
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/virtual-electronic-
control-unit-functional-mockup-systems-karam/
Advanced Topics
ADAS: ADVANCED DRIVER-ASSISTANCE SYSTEMS
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What is ADAS?
embedded_system
 Advanced Driver Assistance Systems, or ADAS,

are systems to help the driver in the driving
process. When designed with a safe Human-
Machine Interface, they should increase car
safety and more generally road safety.
 ADAS include a wide range of safety features for
vehicles such as
 autonomous emergency braking (AEB)
 lane departure warning (LDW)
 lane keep assist
 adaptive lighting and night vision cameras.
 It is predicted that over 40% of all vehicles on the
road will feature ADAS by 2020.
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What is ADAS?
embedded_system
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bKeun1e0Sbs
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80
Traffic Sign Recognition
embedded_system
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81
Deep Learning
embedded_system
Computer Vision Applications

1. Security systems using, for example, face recognition
2. Medical Examinations
3. Traffic Sign Recognition
4. Paper reading for the

blind
5. Google’s Image search
 And many others…
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86 embedded_system
Advanced topics
ISO26262
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The ISO 26262 Standard

embedded_system
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embedded_system
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The code coverage of the code when running the

embedded_system
experiment without injecting any faults.
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The code coverage of the code when running the

embedded_system
experiment while injecting all possible

communication faults.
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97 embedded_system
Online Diploma
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98 embedded_system
Embedded System
Lecture
Your weekly (Theoretical
progress Part)
score Online Diploma
Practical
session Eng. Keroles Shenouda
Summary &
Conclusion
Engineer In the LOOP
Assignment
Will be Online Quiz
Projects
opened
after
each topic
Learn-in-depth 
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Intensive Embedded System

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Diploma 6 (Online) (three months)

Topics:
Lecture
Your weekly (Theoretical
Each Sunday/Wednesday
Start: 7pm
progress Part)
Embedded C
Embedded C
Data
Structure
Tooling score
(1 month)
Practical
session
Revision 1 Embedded Technical Technical Technical Summary &
(one week) C Tricks Exam Interview Project Conclusion
• Will be supervised by
external expert instructors
Microcontroller /
Interfacing Microcontro GPIO/LCD/Ke
ADC/DAC
Serial
Interfacing (I2C,
Each Thursday:7 pm
ller Arch yPad/Timer SPI, UART)
(1 month)
Revision 2 Micro. Technical Technical Technical

(one week) revision Exam Interview Project
Advanced CAN & Introduction Assignment

Topics Introduction Will be Online Quiz
Vector LIN
to AUTOSAR
to Embedded Projects
(half month) CANoe Linux opened
after
each topic
Revision 3 Technical
(one Day) Exam
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32 (ES Defintion) Press

 the beginning story

the beginning story

Analog engineer Digital Designer

the beginning story

Nokia Siemens Networks:

Alkan Holdings: ICTS:

Alkan Telecom: ACTEL:

the beginning story

Analog engineer Digital Designer

the beginning story

3 Bit Flash ADC

the beginning story 13

Analog engineer Digital Designer

the beginning story

Digital Design Engineer

FPGA Prototype QA/Test Engineer

 We can now fabricate millions of transistors in a unit square inch piece

 To facilitate this complex design and fabrication of an IC Various

 Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)

 Programmable Logic (PLD, FPGA)

Application Specific Integrated

Hardware Description Language

 Pre-manufactured components with programmable

FPGA / SoC Programming Engineer

This video demonstrates the 4K video processing capabilities of Zynq® UltraScale+™

 There are various engineers required at each step of design

DIGITAL CIRCUIT DESIGN COURSES: Digital Design

 Digital IC Design Using Xilinx Tools

ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN

the beginning story 28

Analog engineer Digital Designer

the beginning story

the beginning story 30

Analog engineer Digital Designer

Embedded systems control many of the common devices in use today.

Embedded System Classification Press

 There are two main families of embedded system platforms

System on Chip (SOC) Microcontroller family

 Example : PIC and AVR

The Raspberry Pi 2 Model B is the second generation

 Processor: AM335x 1GHz ARM® Cortex-A8

 “Bare metal" means your application is accessing the silicon chip

 Write your application on the top of

 Virtualization you can run operating systems called guests, inside a

embedded System Basics Wireless Embedded

Embedded Linux field

learn C/EmbeddedC learn Microcontroller/Interfacing

Kindly you can find all the parts on:

embedded System Basics Wireless Embedded

Embedded Linux field

OEM Tier 1 Standard Tools Semi-

 AUTOSAR (AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture) is an open and standardized

Autosar Layered Architecture

Autosar Layered Architecture (Cont.)

learn Embedded Automotive 57