OBJECT * To increase the surface areca and that lead to increase rate of reaction, Heat transfer and Mass transfer. # Decreasing the cost of transport because the sizes become small. ‘© Toplot particle size distribution for material crushed by a jaw crusher and then ground in a ball mill and to find its mean size- Discuss the effect of number of ball and ball diameter on the efficiency of crushing processes, INTRODUTION This experiment has many names such as (Crushing) or (Grinding), it used for reduce the size of solid materials. The operations of reduce the size of liquid materials called (Automize and the device that reduced diameter of liquid farinas called (Automizer). Raw mate ‘occur in sizes that are too la ion) als often ge to be used and, therefore, they must be reduced in size. This size - reduction operation can be divided into two major categories depending on whether the material is a solid ora liquid, All depend on the reaction to shearing forces. Soild (griding and cutting) — Large size Tid (emulsification or stomization) ~ S™*4ll Size Size reduction is major unit operation in industr like mineral dressing, paint, cement, bauxite, phi amount solid materials which need to be s handling particulate solid, The industries maccutical as well as black powder handles grinded to fine size. The equipments usually used for size reduction are, ‘Cuiting machines like knife cutters, slitters, dicers 2. Crushers like jaw crushers, gyratory crushers, etc. Crushers are used for coarse and fine size reduction. 3. Grinders like hammer mills, rolling-compression mills, tumbling mills, ete. Grinders are used for intermediate and fine size reduction. 4. Ultrafine grinders like hammer mills, agitated mills, fluid-energy mills, etc The basic motive behind performing the size-reduction is to make to large to be used solid materials usable. It leads to an increase in surface area per unit volume which enhances the rate of the reaction by allowing more sites for the reaction to take place. Moreover handling of smaller size particles is much easier as compared to that of bigger particles. After the crushing process comes the screen analysis, in this process there is a set of sen placed ona device in which the vibri n and retuation processes are performed and the screen with a | ge hole is at the top then the sereens are arranged acconding to their diameter from largest to smallest APPARATUS = Jaw crusher: It contain two jaws, one of them is constant, and another is moveable. It used to crushing coarse particles, + Hammer mill: It isa tweak contain hammers, when the tweak round, the hammers were working. It used to crushing intermediate particles * Ball mill: It contain a balls, the volume of balls depended on feed, if the feed was small ity, the balls be small. It used to crushing fi © particlesTHEORY ste first stage of comminution. Comminution inthe mineral lant takes place in a sequence of crushing and grinding (and/or millin; sizeof mu ie mineral Crushing is accomplished by com Grinding (andor milling, which is a f 2) is accomplish impact of the ore by the free motion of unconnected media such as rods, balls, or pebble Crushing is usually a dry process, and is performed in several stages. Crushers such as; jaw, gyratory, cone, high pressure roll and impact crushers are available, Grinding oF milling is usually performed wet and dig bas However there is an overlapping size area wh lwmbling mills for size reduction with ¢ ‘ore (AG & SAG mills) as the grinding media used depending upon resent the broad eategory of mill amie, or rock media. Vertical and ions exist, and because of smal a sizes, they are fir more suitable for fine grinding applications than ball mills. Stirred mills are claimed to be mare ener efficient (by up to 50%) than conventional ball mills This concept is simpl 3 . he crushing stroke, a lump of ore is shattered and during the reverse (opening) stroke, those fragments which are larger than t tained within the jaws for further erushing. The s proc c s, and it is a particulas feWeight Wie) of Screen 361.28 y = solp x + intercep y nDay ax+b rxF. try The weight on t Weight c Diameter of screen (mm) 0.65446 y (mm) 2.36 1.54452 0.42831 78.17 8401 3.47 572 0.1416 0.1522 0.00991 0.01036 Lis 0.212 Os ous 0.16709 0.03226 0.00178 0.00155 0.02005 0.02316 0.000098, 0.0001 1 0.01208 0.00989 0.9905 0.106 0.038 (y=0.987 0.00128 0.00038 Lg 0.000145 0.00010 Ex'=0.4720.70000 (0.60000 0.50000 0.40000 0.30000 0.10000 ‘0.00000 0.10000 _ 7(2.74 J (0.9905)(4.226) o=——7F4F )—098 4.226 0.9905 b= aS — 3.4684 ae = 0.11296 = 3.4684 ” os 2 as 2 2s Y34684 Lnx+ Ln(0. 2.36 11s 0.7292 0.212 O18 O15 0.106 | 0.0195 0.9803) as | 3387 | 012 ‘We note that results for equation (y = 3.21 DLL )beslose to-experimental results more than resulls for equation (in y= 3.468 Ln x ~ 2.1804), important things th ase of transportation and reducing mes, thus provid transportation cost (What is observed in the experimental calculations is that the math fraction in the expsriment are close te the theoretical results when us (PZALMB), while the theoretical results are more remote when using the equation