SOLUTIONS

TO
PROBLEMS IN
BUSINESS STATISTICS-I
For B.Com. Second Year

R.P. TRIVEDI
M.Com. LL.B.
Hod-Commerce (Retd)
V.V. College, Hyderabad.

1
MANOJ TRIVEDI
B.Com, Grad CWA, ACA
PGDM (IIM Bangalore)

PANKAJ PUBLICATIONS
3-4-376/24, Basant Colony, Kachiguda, Hyderabad- 027
Ph: 040-66827812
 A-2
Turnovers in No. of table into simple frequency and than convert
` Cores Companies the simple frequency into ‘more than
CHAPTER- 1 200-300 50 cumulative frequency.
INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS 300-400 35 Step 1
400-500 25 0-10 8
1. No.of Tally Frequency 500-600 30 10-20 11-8 3
C.I Tally Bars Frequency
600-700 20 20-30 15-11 4
Children Bars 10 0-11 0 1 1
9. C.I Frequency 30-40 20-15 5
0 1 1 11 0-12 0 11 11 4
More Than16 200 200 40-50 28-20 8
1 1 1 12 0-13 0 11 11 5
More Than 24 200-24 184 50-60 30-28 2
2 11 11 5 13 0-14 0 1111 1111 10 Step 2
More Than 32 184-27 157
3 111 11 6 14 0-15 0 11111 1 6 More Than 40 157-36 121 Packages received
4 11 11 5 15 0-16 0 11 1 3 More Than 48 121-38 83 More Than 0 30
5 11 11 4 16 0-17 0 1 1 More Than 56 83-32 51 " 10 30-8 22
6 11 1 3 30 More Than 64 51-27 27 " 20 22-3 19
7 11 1 3 5. Correction Factor= 10. Marks " 30 19-4 15
8 11 2 lower limit of Succeding class - Upper limit of Preceding class Less Than " 40 15-5 10
30 2 " 10 4 4 " 50 10-8 2
2 . Grade Tally Bars Frequency Applying thus Formula, Correction factor " 20 4+12 16 " 60 2-2 0
A 11 11 4 = (10-9)/2 = 1/2 = 0.5 " 30 16+24 40 14. Exports and Imports for the Period
B 1111 1111 1 11 Thus, 0.5 is deducted from lower limits " 40 40+36 76 1990-1994 from various parts of India
C 1111 1111 9 of all classes and added to upper limits of " 50 76+20 96 (in ` Cr.)
D 1111 1 6 " 60 96+1 97 Year Bombay Calcutta Vizag Other Total
all classes. Thus, the c lass in tervals in
30 " 70 97+8 10 5 Parts
ex clu siv e form are 0 .5– 9.5 , 9 .5– 19.5,
3 . No.of Classes (as per Sturge’s " 80 105+5 11 0 Export 1990
19 .5-2 9.5 , 2 9.5– 39.5, 39.5 –49 .5, 49.5-
Formula) = 1+3.322 log 10 60 (ii) Marks 1991
59.5. 1992
= 1+3.322 x 1.7782 more than
6 . C.I Tally Bars Frequency " 10 110 -4 10 6 1993
= 1+5.91 = 6.91 = 7 10-13 11 11 5
Smallest Value = 0 " 20 1 06 -1 2 94 1994
14-17 1111 1111 9 " 30 94-24 70 Imports 1990
Highest Value = 84 18-21 1111 11 7 " 40 70-36 34 1991
84  0 22-25 1111 11 7 " 50 34-20 14 1992
 Class Interval =  12
7 26-29 11 11 5 " 60 14 -1 13 1993
However, in such a case, we will have 30-33 11 11 4 " 80 13 -8 5 1994
8 Classes, since 84 will not fall in any class 34-38 11 1 3 11 . Marks No.of Students 15. Distribution of Contest arts according
hence for simplicity and ease of presen- 40 2 0-10 5 to Age and Gender
tation, we take the class Interval as 10 and 7 . No.of Classes as per sturge’s formula 10-20 13 -5 8 Age Male Female Total
have 9 classes. The frequency distribution = 1+3.322 log 10 50 20-30 20-13 7 (Years)
table will be as under : = 1+ (3.322x1.699) = 6.64 = 7 30-40 32-20 12 20-30 4 10 14
C.I Tally Bars Frequency Size of C.I = (Highest Value – Lowest 40-50 60-32 28 30-40 10 6 16
0-10 11 11 4 Value) / No.of classes 50-60 80-60 20 40-50 11 6 17
10-20 11 11 5 =(69-28)/7 = 5.85 rounded off to 6 60-70 90-80 10 50-60 3 2 5
20-30 11 11 4 C.I Tally Bar Frequency 70-80 1 00 -9 0 10 60-70 2 1 3
30-40 1111 1111 9 28-33 11 11 5 12 . Wages No.of Workers Total 30 25 55
40-50 1111 111 9 34-39 1111 1111 11 12 30-40 60 0-52 0 80
50-60 1111 111 8 40-45 1111 1111 9 40-50 52 0-47 0 50
60-70 1111 1111 10 46-51 1111 1111 10 50-60 47 0-39 9 71
70-80 11 11 4 52-57 11 11 4 60-70 39 9-21 0 18 9
80-90 1111 11 7 58-63 1111 11 7 70-80 21 0-10 4 10 6
60 64-69 11 1 3 80-90 1 04 -4 5 59
4 . The class interval is indicated in the 50 9 0-10 0 45
problem as 10. The first class is 100- 8. Mid-Values of various class Intervals 13 . The given Problem is “Less Than”
110. The highest value is 165. Thus pertaining to turnover of companies cumulative frequency type. What is
the frequency distribution table will and number of such Companies are required is ‘more than’ frequency type
be Presented below. thus, we need to first convert the given
 B-2

CHAPTER- 2 Step : 2 Scale : X axis 1 cm = C.I of 5 axis Since Cf less than 10 is 0, Plot the point
Yams 1 cm = 2 units again 10 on the X axis only Cf less than 20 is
DIAGRAMMATIC AND GRAPHIC PRESENTATION Step : 3 Dram the Histogram 5, so mark the point that interests 20 on the X
Step : 4 Calculate Mole as shown in the graph. axis and 5 on the Y axis. Similarly mark the
1. X axis = years, Scale 1 cm = 1 year degrees.Now, taking this line as the base
remaining 4 points. Join the point by drawing
Y axis = Profits, Scale 1 cm = `. 50 lakhs arm, mark the next angle for clothing as
a free hand curve.
40 degrees and
17.C.I F Less than C.F
so on. The end result is as under:
More than
C.F
0-10 10 10 240
10-20 34 44 230
20-30 42 86 196
30-40 76 162 154
10. Same as above 40-50 53 215 78
50-60 16 231 25
2. Convert the expenditure on Various 11. Same a above Frequency polygon is
5. 60-70 9 240 9
items into percentage terms by dividing drawn by joining the mid points of class
the expenditure with total expenditure Intervals at the top of the bar.
thus, in case of food, expenditure in %
term s will be 16 0 /400 x100=4 0%,
Similarly for cloth-ing, it is 20%, Rent
15%, Light & Fuel 5% and others 20%.
The percentage bar diagram is prepared
as under :
6.

Draw the two Ogives . From point of

intersection of the two ‘O gives’ draw a
perpendicular to the X axis. The point of
12. Same as above intersection of the perpendicular line and the
13. Same as above X- axis is the median
14. Same as above 18. Same as above
15. Histo gra ms wou ld be the mo st 19. Same as above
3. Scale : Y axis = 1 cm = ` 100 20. Given that export and imports are
appropriate diagram for the given data.
Proceed as shown above opposite in nature, a bi directional
3 16. Convert the given frequency table into diagram would be most suitable to
‘Less Than’ Cumulative frequency table depict the date given.
as shown below. Scale Y axis = 1 cm = 1 year
X axis = 1 cm = ` 5 crores
7. Same as above
8. Scale X axis l cm ,
Class interval =1cm = 5
4: Convert each expense into degrees by
dividing the expense amount with total
expenditure and then multiply with 360
degrees, which represents one full circle.
For example, in case of food, (880/
1980)*360=160 degrees. Similarly, for C.I No.of workers Less than C.I
Clothing, the number works out to (220/ 10-20 5 20 5
1980) *360 = 40 degrees . Likewise, for 20-30 10 30 15
Rent, the degrees are 60 degrees and for 30-40 15 40 30
9. Step : Convert Inclusive series into
other expenses, it is 100 degrees. 40-50 10 50 40
‘Exclusive Service by subtracting ‘d’
Draw a circle and mark a radius. Taking 50-60 5 60 45
(55-54/2=0.5) from lower C.I adding ‘d’
that radius as base, mark an angle of 160 Scale : X axis : 1cm = C.I of 10
to upper C.I Y axis = 1 cm = 5
 C-2
9 . Diameter No. of m fm 13 .
(X) Parts Value F M fm
CHAPTER- 3 20-30 16 25 40 0
(f)
MEASURES OF CENTARAL TENDENCY 3.05 - 3.14 13 3.015 40.225 30-40 20 35 70 0
3.15 - 3.24 29 3.195 92.655 40-50 25 45 11 25
Exercise - 2 (a) 5. No.of No.of fx 3.25 - 3.34 65 3.295 214.175 50-60 15 55 82 5
Children Families 3.35 - 3.44 20 0 3.395 679.00 60-70 9 65 58 5
1 . Arithmetic Mean=x/N (x) (f) 3.45 - 3.54 27 8 3.495 971.61 70-80 8 75 60 0
85 70 10  75 500 8  42  250  40 36 0 3 0 3.55 - 3.64 29 6 3.595 1064.12 80-90 5 85 42 5
 1 20 20 3.65 - 3.74 74 3.695 273.43 98 4,660
10
2 15 30 3.75 - 3.84 40 3.795 151.80 fm 4660
= 1116/10 = 111.6 3 8 24 3.85 - 3.94 5 3.895 19.475
x   47.55 or 48
 The Arithmetic mean of the monthly 4 3 12 10 00 3,506.50
f 98
5 1 5 14 .
incomes i n the locality ` 111.6  A.M = 3,506.50 / 1000 = 3.5065 Wages No.of m fm
2 . Arithmetic Mean  x/N 50 91
 The mean diametor of the parts workers (f)
50  65  37  29  92  43  81  36  52  45 fx 91 = 3.5065 cm 0-10 17 0 5 85 0

10 x   1.82 10 . The Arithmetic mean of the wages of 10-20 80 15 12 00
= 530/10 = 53 f 50 50 workers can be calculate by adding 20-30 50 25 12 50
 The Arithmetic mean or Average 6 . Class Frequency m fm the individual wages of all the 50 30-40 70 35 24 50
marks of the Class = 53 marks Interval(x) (f) workers and by dividing the sum by 40-50 25 45 11 25
3 . The following is the confutation of 15 - 25 4 20 80 the total numbers of workers. 50-60 50 55 27 50
the Arithmetic mean 25 - 35 11 30 33 0 = 7,665 / 50 = 153.3 60-70 15 0 65 97 50
Arithmetic mean= fx / N 35 - 45 19 40 76 0 (or) 154 (Approx) 70-80 10 0 75 75 00
Value (x) Frequency (f) Fx 45 - 55 14 50 70 0 11 . 69 5 268 75
1 10 10 55 - 65 0 60 0 Age No.of m fm
2 15 30
65 - 75 2 70 14 0 persons fm 26, 875
50 20 10 0-5 12 2.5 30.00 x   38.66
3 18 54 fx = 2010, F or N = 50 f 695
4 22 88 5-10 3 7.5 22.50
 A.M = 2010 / 50 = 40.2 10-15 5 12 .5 62.50 15 .
5 32 16 0 7. Arithmetic mean = fm / N 15-20 5 17 .5 87.50 Wages No.of m fm
6 43 25 8 Class Frequency m fm 20-25 5 22 .5 1 12 .5 0 workers
7 21 14 7 Interval (x) (f)
25-30 4 27 .5 1 10 .0 0 75-85 2 80 16 0
8 13 10 4 18 - 21 8 19 .5 15 6
30-35 6 32 .5 1 95 .0 0 85-95 23 90 20 70
9 8 72 22 - 25 32 23 .5 75 2
26 - 35 54 30 .5 16 47 35-40 5 37 .5 1 87 .5 0 9 5-10 5 49 10 0 49 00
10 4 40
36 - 45 36 40 .5 14 58 4 45 8 07 .5 0 10 5-11 5 63 11 0 69 30
18 6 96 3
fx = 963, F or N = 186 46 - 55 20 50 .5 10 10 Σfm 807.50 11 5-12 5 45 12 0 54 00
15 0 50 23 x   17.94 12 5-13 5 25 13 0 32 50
 A.M = 963 / 186 = 5.177
fx = 5023, F or N = 150 Σf 45 13 5-14 5 3 14 0 42 0
4 . Arithmetic mean fx / N  A.M = 5023 / 150 = 33.49 12 . 14 5-15 5 4 15 0 60 0
Miles No.of fx 8. Arithmetic mean = fm / N Value f m fm 21 4 237 30
Travellers Villegers (f) 0-10 4 5 20
(X) f m fm fm 23730
2 38 76 10-20 12 15 18 0
4 10 4 41 6
0-4 32 8 2 65 6 x   110.89
20-30 24 25 60 0
6 14 0 84 0 5-9 35 0 7 24 50 f 214
30-40 36 35 12 60
8 78 62 4 10 - 19 72 0 14 .5 10,440 16 .
40-50 20 45 90 0
10 48 48 0 20 - 29 66 4 24 .5 16,268 50-60 16 55 88 0 Class Frequency m fm
12 42 50 4 30 - 39 59 8 34 .5 20,631 60-70 8 65 52 0 Interval (x) (f)
14 28 39 2 40 - 49 52 4 44 .5 23,318 70-80 4 75 30 0 35 - 40 6 37 .5 22 5
16 24 38 4 50 - 59 37 8 54 .5 20, 601 12 4 46 60 40 - 45 7 42 .5 297.5
18 16 28 8 60 - 69 24 4 64 .5 15, 738 45 - 50 11 47 .5 522.5
20 2 40 3,806 1,10,102 fm 4660 50 - 55 25 52 .5 1312.5
52 0 40 44
x   37.58 55 - 60 31 57 .5 1782.5
 Arithmetic mean=
fm = 1,10,102, N = 3806 f 124 60 - 65 41 62 .5 2562.5
4044/520 =7.7769 = 7.78  A.M = 1,10,102 / 3806 = 28.92 65 - 70 41 67 .5 2767.5
 C-3 C-4
70 - 75 14 72 .5 10 15 3000 to 4000 60 3,500 2,10,000 Arithmetic mean = fx / N Arithmetic mean = fm / N
75 - 80 16 77 .5 12 40 2000 to 3000 20 2,500 50,000 or 678+14x / 43+x = 15.38 = 140+X+228-2n / 200 = 1.46
80 - 85 8 82 .5 66 0 1000 to 2000 10 1,500 15,000 or 678 + 14x = 15.38 ( 43 + x) or 368 - x = 382,
20 0 12,685 0 to 1000 10 50 0 5,000 or 678 + 14x = 661.34 + 15.38x or - n = - 76 or x = 76
Arithmetic mean = fm / N - 1000 to 0 12 - 500 - 6,000 or 14x - 15.38x = 661.34 - 678  114 - n = 38
- 2000 to-1000 1 6 - 1,500 - 24,000 or –1.38x = – 16.66 or The missing figures are 76 are 38.
= 12,385 / 300 = 61.925
- 3000 to-2000 1 8 - 2,500 - 45,000 x= 16.66 / 1.38 = 12.07 =12 28 .
17 . To solve the problem, the data has to - 4000 to - 3000 1 4 - 3,500 - 49,000 (Since frequency cannot be is decimalas) Marks No.of m fm
be rearranged as follows:- 20 0 3,52,000 x = 16.66 / 1.38 = 12.07 (x ) Students (f)
Profit No.of shaps m fm  Arithmetic = 3,52,00 / 200 = 1760 25 .
per shap (x) (f) 0 - 10 12 5 60
21 . Weekly Frequency m fm 10 - 20 18 15 27 0
0 - 100 12 50 60 0 Marks Monthly m fm wages (x) (f) 20 - 30 x 25 25 x
100 - 200 18 15 0 27 00 (x ) Scholarships(f) 40 - 43 31 41 .5 1286.5 30 - 40 20 35 70 0
200 - 300 27 25 0 67 50 60 - 65 25 62 .5 1562.5 43 - 46 58 44 .5 25 81 40 - 50 17 45 76 5
300 - 400 20 35 0 70 00 65 - 70 30 67 .5 20 25 46 - 49 60 47 .5 28 50
70 - 75 35 72 .5 2537.5 50 - 60 6 55 33 0
400 - 500 17 45 0 76 50 49 - 52 x 50 .5 50.5x 73 + x 2125 + 25x
500 - 600 6 55 0 33 00 75 - 80 40 77 .5 31 00 52 - 55 27 53 .5 1444.5
80 - 85 45 82 .5 3712.5 Arithmetic mean = fm / N
10 0 28,000 176 + x 8162 + 50.5 x or 2125+25x / 73fx = 28
17 5 12,937.5 Arithmetic mean = fm / N
Arithmetic mean = fm / N or 2125 + 25x = 2044 + 28x
Arithmetic mean = fm / N = 8162 + 50.5x / 176+x = 47.2
= 28,000 /200 = 280 = 12,397.5 / 175 = 73.92 or 25x - 28x = 2044 - 2125
18 . or 8162 + 50.5 x = 47.2 (176 + x)
22 . or - 3x = -81 or x = 27
or 8162 + 50.5 x = 8307.2 + 47.2x
Wage No. of m fm Income No.of Av.No. of (A & B) m fm  The missing frequency = 27
50.55x - 47.2x = 8307.2 - 8162
of (x) Persons (f) Groups from Employees Frequency 29 .
3.3x = 145.2 or x = 44
100 - 110 4 10 5 42 0 (x) A (b) (f) Index No. (x) Weight (f) fx
 The missing frequency is 44
110 - 120 6 11 5 69 0 100-150 20 5 100 125 12,500 12 5 7 87 5
26 .
120 - 130 20 12 5 25 00 Profit for Frequency m fm 13 3 5 66 5
150 - 200 15 8 120 175 21,000
130 - 140 32 13 5 43 20 Shop (x) (f) 14 1 4 56 4
200 - 250 11 6 66 225 14,850
140 - 150 33 14 5 47 85 0 - 10 12 5 60 17 3 1 17 3
250 - 300 8 4 32 275 8,800
150 - 160 17 15 5 26 35 10 - 20 15 15 22 5 18 2 3 54 6
300 - 400 12 3.5 42 350 14,700 20 28 23
160 - 170 8 16 5 13 20 400 - 500 16 2 32 450 14,400 20 - 30 x 25 25 x
170 - 180 2 17 5 35 0 30 - 40 25 35 87 5 Arithmetic mean = fx / N
392 86,250 = 2823/20 = 141.15
12 2 17,020 40 - 50 14 45 63 0
Arithmetic mean = fm / N 30 .
Arithmetic mean = fm / N 50 - 60 9 55 49 5
= 86,250 / 392 = 220 Monthly Strength of the fx
= 17,020 / 122 = 139.5 75 + x 2285 + 25x
23 . Arithmetic mean = fm / N Salary (x) cadre (f)
 The model weight = 139.5 lts
Marks No.of Av. Frequency m fm 5 or 2285 + 25x / 75+x = 29 15 00 10 15,000
19 .
Obtained schools No. of (f) or 2285 + 25 x = 2175 + 29x, 80 0 20 16,000
Tempe- No.of m d d’ fd’
(x) (A) Students (B) A x B or 25x - 29x = 2175 - 2285 50 0 70 35,000
raure days
35 - 40 7 200 1400 37.5 52,500 or - 4x = 110 or x = 27.5 = 28 25 0 10 0 25,000
-40 -(-3 0) 1 0 -3 5 -4 0 -4 -4 0
30 - 35 10 250 2500 32.5 81,250 (Since No. of Shops cannot be in decimals) 10 0 15 0 15,000
-30 –(-2 0) 2 8 -2 5 -3 0 -3 -8 4
25 - 30 15 300 4500 27.5 1,23,750 27 . In this problem, two frequency data 31 50 35 0 1,06,000
-20 –(-1 0) 3 0 -1 5 -2 0 -2 -6 0 Simple Average = x/N =3150/5 = 630
20 - 25 9 200 1800 22.5 40,500 figures are missing. We should assure
-10 –0 42 -5 -1 0 -1 -4 2 Weighted Avereage =fx/N =
15 - 20 5 150 750 17.5 13,125 one missing frequency to be x. The
0-10 65 5 0 0 0 other missing frequency would be 114- 1,06,00 /350 = 302.857
10 - 15 4 100 400 12.5 5,000
10-20 18 0 15 10 1 18 0 x (200-46-x-25-10-5). The table can 31 . This problem is dependent upon one
11,350 3,16,125
20-30 10 25 20 2 20 be reconst-ructed as follows:- of th e impo rta nt prope rties of
Arithmetic mean = fm / N
36 5 -2 6 No.of Frequency fx Arithmetic Average i.e It states that.
= 3,16,125 / 11,350 = 27.85
 fd '  26 24 . Size (x) Frequency (f) fm Accidents (x) (f) “If each of the values of a Variate
x  xc   5  x10  4.29 10 3 30 0 46 0 ‘X’ increases (or decreases) as by a
 f  365 1 x x Constant b, the arithmetic mean also
12 7 84
20 . 2 114 -x 2 (114-x) in cre ase s (or de creases) by sa me
14 x 14 x
Profit No.of m fm 3 25 75 amount. Also when the Values of ‘X’
16 20 32 0
(x ) Stefeats(f) 4 10 40 are multiplied by a Constant Say K,
18 8 14 4 5 5 25
5000 to 6000 16 5,500 88,000 20 5 10 0 the Arithmetic mean is also multiplied
4000 to 5000 24 4,500 1,08,000 200 140 + x + 228 - 2x by the same amount K.”
43 + x 678 + 14x
 C-5 C-6
By the Analysis of above property we N1X + N N1x1 + N 2 x 2 => 180,400 - 297 + 165 + 197 +185
get. 1 2X2 X  => 180, 318
X  38 . 12
(a) Mean (given)=30 12 N1 + N
N1  N2  Correct X =x/N(Coreect)
2 given = N1 + N2 =100,
Here 3 marks are given extra to each = 100x275+80x225 / 100+80 =180.318/1000 = 180.318 or 180.32
student then mean would be mean = 27500+18000/ 180 = 252.78 x 12 =720 Excercise : 2 (b)
=30+3=33. 36 . Let us assure the follwing :- Median
(b ) Here 2 marks are multiplied to each (i) by N1 = x N2 x 2=30 x650,
student 1. Step : 1 Arrange the data in ascending
 The number of girls will be (150-X)
Mean=30x2=60 N1 x 1 =70 x ( x 1) order
as the total number of students is 100
(c) He re 2 m ark s a re d ivided to ea ch 60, 61, 61, 62, 63, 63, 63, 64, 64, 64,
(given) 70x(x1)  (30x650)
student   720 64, 65, 65, 66
Now, the above information can be 100
Mean =30÷2= 15 Step : 2 Applying the formula
represented as follows:-
(d ) Here 3 marks are subtracted from each 70 x ( x 1) + 19500 =72000 N  1 14  1
student
Boys Girls (i) Median    7.5th item
N1 = X N2 = 150 - X 2 2
Mean=30-3=27 70 x 1 = 72000 - 19500 63  64
 Median   63.5
32 . X = 70 X = 55 72000  19500 2
1 2 x   750
Subjects Y. Marks Frequency fx 1 (i i) Lower Quartile i.e Q1
70
(x ) N  1 14  1
X
2 = 60 or N12 = 150 N1x1  N 2 x2  N3 x3 Q1    3.75th item
Samskrit 75 2 15 0 4 4
As we know, 39.  N1  N  N3 => Size of 3rd item +0.75
Mathmetics 84 2 16 8 2
Economics 56 1 56 N1X + N =(50x80)+(60x75)+(50x55)/(50+60+50) (Size of 4th item - Size of 3rd item)
English 78 2 15 6 1 2X2 = 4000+4500+2750 / 160 => 61+0.75 (62 - 61)
X 
Politics 57 1 57 12 N1 + N = 11250/160 = 70.3125 => 61 + 0.75 (1) => 61 + 0.75
2 => 61.75
History 54 1 54
or 9000 = 70x + 8250 - 55x x
Feography 47 1 47 40 . x , 3(N  1)th
45 1 10 68 8
or 9000 = 15x + 8250 N ΣΧ  Ν x x (iii) Upper Quartice (Q3 )  item
15x = 750 or x = 50 4
Simple Average = x/N =451/ 7=64.43  (150 - x) = 100 given => N => 20, x => 45 3(14  1)th
Weighted Avereage =fx/N Q3   11.25
 The total no.of boys = 50 4
=688/10=68.8
or the total no.of girls = 150   X => 20 x 45 =>900
33 . N1 = 112 N2 = 140 But this is not Correct x Correct x  Size of 11 th item +0.25
37. Let us ossure the total no.of male
= Incorrect x -Worng items + Correct items (Size of 12th item - Size of 11th item)
X = 114 X = 114 employees = X or the total no.of female
1 2 => 900 -64 +46 => 882 64 + 0.25 (65-64) =>64 + 0.25 (1)
employees = Y we can arrange the
X=820/20=44.10 => 64.25
N1X + N X available total as follows : -
1 2 2 2 . Step : 1 Arrange the marks of students
X = Male Female 6 ΣX
12 N1 + N in ascending order :
2 N1 = X N2 = Y 41 . x  , X => N x X
N Items Roll No. Marks in Roll No. Marks in
= (112x114) +(140x114) / (112+140)
X = 5200 X X => 500 x 200 => 1,00,000 But this is statistics Accountancy
= 12768 + 15960 / 252 1 2 = 4200 1 10 25 10 10
= 28728/252 = 114 not Correct X Correct X=> Incorrect
X-Wrong items + Correct items 2 11 28 8 15
34 . Factor A Factor B X12 = 5000
=> 1,00,000 - 180 - 20+80+220 3 1 29 16 20
N1 = 350 N2 = 300
=> 1,00,100 4 16 30 18 25
X =2 X N1X + N 5 17 32 24 28
1 2 = 2.50 X 
1 2X2
x
1,00,100
 200.20 6 3 33 2 30
12 N1 + N 500 7 8 33 17 32
N1X + N 2
1 2X2 ΣX 8 12 35 12 33
X  or 5000 = X x5200+Yx4200/ X+Y 42 . X , X= N x X
12 N1 + N 9 23 38 20 35
2 or 5000x + 5000y = 5200x + 4200y N
350x2+300x2.50/350+300 10 24 40 1 36
or 5000x - 5200x = 4200y - 5000y given N => 1000, x = 180.40
= 700+750/650 = 1450/650 = 2.23 11 9 42 3 38
or - 200x = - 800y
35 . Branch 1 Branch 2   X =1000 x 180.40 =180,400 12 4 45 4 39
X 800 80 13 13 46 21 40
N1 = 100 N2 = 80 or = or or 80% : 20% But this is not Correct  X
Y 200 20 14 25 46 9 42
X = 275
1
X
2 = 225
 The % of males = 80%  Correct  X = Incorrect 15 14 47 14 44
or the % of females = 20% 16 7 48 7 46
 X - Worng items + Correct items
 C-7 C-8
17 22 49 6 50 40 29 65  37.5 26  9. Value frequency c.f
18 5 51 25 53 50 31 96  30   x10   34.26 0-1 00 40 40
19 18 52 19 55 60 21 11 7  27  10 0-20 0 89 12 9
20 19 54 23 58 70 18 13 5 Q3 Class = 3(N/4)=3(37.5)=112.50 20 0-30 0 14 8 27 7
21 20 56 22 62 80 5 14 0  N  30 0-40 0 64 34 1
22 21 58 5 64 14 0  3 4 -c.f  400 & above 39 38 0
Median = N+1th / 2 item Q  L +
  x i 38 0
23 15 60 11 72 3 1 
24 2 65 13 80 =141/2=70.5 item=50 f  Median Class = N/2
25 6 72 15 85 Q1=N+1th /4 item   = 380/2=190 = (200-300)
Median Marks in Statistics = 141/4 = 35.25 item = 30 112.50 91  N 
=N+1/2 = 25+1/2=13 th item-46 Q3=3(N+1)th /4 item  50  
 25
x10   58.60
  2 - c.f 
Median Marks in Accountancy = 3(141)/4 = 105.75 item =60 Median  L +  x i
1
=N+1/2 = 25+1=13th item =40 6. C.I f C.f 8. Marks No.of students c.f  f 
3 . Step : 1 0-10 15 15 0-10 11 11  
Arranging the data in ascending order 10-20 10 0 11 5 10-20 18 29  190 129 
20-30 17 0 28 5 20-30 25 54  200   x100  241.216
11, 12, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 32, 35, 41  148 
Step : 2 Application of Formula 30-40 12 0 40 5 30-40 28 82 10 . Avg deposit No.of c.f
(i) Median = N+1/ 2=11/ 2=5.5th item 40-50 40 44 5 40-50 30 11 2
44 5 balance deposites
= 5th item +6th item / 2 = 22+26/2=24 50-60 33 14 5 Less than 100 26 26
(ii) Quartile I=N+1/4, 10+1/4 Median class = N/2=445/2 = 222.50 60-70 22 16 7 10 0-20 0 68 94
= 11/4=2.75item N  70-80 15 18 2 20 0-30 0 14 5 23 9
12+0.75 (14-12) =12+0.75 (2)  2  c. f  80-90 12 19 4 30 0-40 0 24 2 48 1
=13.50 Median  L   xi 
1  f 90-100 10 20 4 40 0-50 0 18 8 66 9
(iii) Quartiles = 3(N+1) /10 = 3(10+1)/4 
  20 4 50 0-60 0 65 73 4
= 3(11/4) = 33/4 = 8.25 item Median Class = N/2=204/2 60 0-70 0 16 75 0
= 32+0.25 (35-32)= 32+0.25 (3)  222.50 115 
 20   x10   26.32 = 102.Class 40-50 75 0
= 32 +0.75 = 32.75  170  Median Class = 750/2=375
(iv) Decile 8=8(N+1)/10 7. Marks No.of students c.f N 
= 8(11/10)=8.80 item 0-10 2 2  2  c. f  = (300-400)
Median  L +  x i
32+0.80 (35- 32)=32 +0.80 (3) 10-20 8 10 1 N 
= 34.40 20-30 16 26  f   c . f 
  Median  L +  2 x i
(v ) 61 th Percentile = 61(N+1)/100 30-40 27 53 1
= 61(10+1)/100 = 6.71 item 40-50 38 91 102 82   f 
 40   x10   46.66  
=26+0.71(30-26) = 28.84 50-60 25 11 6  30 
4. Step 1: 60-70 18 13 4 Q1 Class = N/2=204/4=51  375 239 
7  300 +  x100   356.20
Arranging the data in ascending order 70-80 10 14 4 Class = 20-30  242 
Income No.of person c.f 80-90 4 14 8 11 . Conversion of Income Table
13 0 26 26 90-100 2 15 0
N 
 4 - c.f  Income Income Frequency c.f
20 0 34 60 15 0 Q  L + x i Below-1000 Below - 2000 25 25
1 1
23 0 40 10 0 Median class = N/2=150/2 = 75  f  1000 - 2000 2000 - 4000 25 50
25 0 36 13 6  40-50   2000 - 4000 4000 - 6000 30 80
27 0 30 16 6
N   51 29  4000 - 6000 6000 - 8000 14 94
30 0 16 18 2  2 c . f   20   x10   28.80 6000 - 8000 8000 & above 6 100
18 2 Median  L   xi   25  8000 - & above 100
1
Step : 2  f  Q1 Class = 3(N/4)=3(51) = 153 Median Class = N/2
Appling the formula   Class = 60-70
Median=N+1 th /2 item =100/2=50 (2000-4000)
 7553 
=182+1th/2 item = 91th item
 Median = 230
 40  
 38
x10   45.79
 Q  L +
3 N 4 c. f x i N
 2  c. f 

Q1 Class = N/4=150/4= 37.5 30-40 1 1  f  Median  L +  x i
5 . Step : 1   1
Arranging the data in ascending order N   f 
 4 c . f   
Size frequency c.f 153145 
10 7 7 Q  L + x i  60 +  x10   63.63  50 25 
1 1  
20 12 19  f  22  2000 + 
 25
x2000  4000

 
30 17 36
 C-9 C-10
Q1 Class =N/4=100/4=25 (Below-2000) 14 . 40-50 62 15 5 45 30-40 f1
Weights Number c.f m fm 50-60 96 25 1 55 40-50 65
N  60-70 56 30 7 65
 4  c. f  90.5-104.5 4 4 97.5 390 70-80 42 34 9 75
50-60 f2
Q  L +  xi  104.5-109.5 14 18 107 1498 80-90 30 37 9 85 60-70 25
1 1
 f  109.5-114.5 60 78 112 6720 9 0-10 0 16 39 5 95 70-80 18
  114.5-119.5 138 216 117 16,146 10 0-11 0 10 40 5 10 5 22 9
 250  119.5 - 124.5 206 422 122 25132 40 5 Total frequency of the class other than that
 0+  x 2000   2000
 25  124.5 - 129.5 298 720 127 37,846 Median Class=405/2=202.50=(50-60) of the missing frequency
Q3 Class = 3(N/4)=3(25) 129.5 - 134.5 380 1100 132 50,160  N c . f  => 12 +30+65+25+18 => 150
134.5 - 139.5 450 1550 137 61,650 Median  L + 2 xi 
= 75 (4000-6000) 1  Thus => 150 +f 1+f 2=> 229
139.5 - 144.5 500 2050 142 71,000
 f 
f1+f 2 => 79 
Q  L + 
 3 N c.f 
4
x i
  144.5 - 149.5 430
149.5 - 154.5 260
2480 147 63,210
2740 152 39,520  50 + 
 202.50155 
x10   54.95
Since 46 median Value Class : [ 40-50]
3 1  f  154.5 - 159.5 128 2868 157 20096  96 
  N 
159.5 - 164.5 66 2934 162 10,692 Q1 Class = 405/4=101.25=(40-50)  2  c. f 
 7550  164.5 - 169.5 28 2962 167 4676 L +  xi 
x2000  5666.66  N c . f  1
 4000 + 
 30  169.5 - 174.5 12 2974 172 2064 Q  L + 4 xi   f 
1 1  f  
2974 4,10,800   
P Class  5 N
5 100 
 5 100
100
5    Mean=fm/f=4,10,800/2974=138.13
Median=Median Class=N/2
101.2593 
 40   x10   41.33
 40  
114.50  42  f1  
 65
x10   46

 62 
P  L +
5 N 100 c. f xi  =2974/2=1487=(134.50-139.50)
 N  c. f 
Q3 Class =3(405/4)=3x101.25

11.50  42  f1 
x10
5 1  =303.75=(60-70) 65
f  Median  L +  2 xi 
  1  f   N  1145 42010 f1
  3 4 c. f   46  40  6
 5 0    65
 0+  x2000  400 1487 1100  Q  L +  xi 
 25   134.50 +  x5  138.80 3 1  f  =725 - 10f 1=390
12 . Marks No.of c.f  450    =10f 1 =725-390
students 15 . f 1=725-390/10=33.5 or 34
0-10 4 4 Class frequency c.f m fm  303.75 251 
69.5-79.5 11 11 74.5 819.50  60   x10  69.42 Substitute f1=34 in equation  
10-20 6 10  56 
79.5 - 89.5 17 28 84.5 1436.50 f1 +f2 =79, f2 =79-34, f2=45
20-30 20 30 17 . C.I f c.f
89.5 - 99.5 65 93 94.5 6142.50  f 1 =34, f 2=45
30-40 10 40 11 0-12 0 6 6
99.5 - 109.5 69 162 104.5 7210.50 19 . Assuring there is no x Calculate medium
40-50 7 47 12 0-13 0 25 31
109.5 - 119.5 79 241 114.5 9045.50 5+25+25+187= 80 =80/2=40
50-60 3 50 119.5 -129.5 37 278 124.5 4606.50 8 13 0-14 0 48 79
50 C.I f c.f
129.5 - 139.5 19 297 134.5 2555.50 14 0-15 0 72 15 1 0-10 5 5
Median Class=N/2=50/2=25(20-30) 139.5 - 149.5 7 304 144.5 1011.50 15 0-16 0 11 6 26 7
149.5 - 159.5 3 307 154.5 463.50 10-20 25 30
 N  c. f   2510 
16 0-17 0 60 32 7 20-30 25 + x 55
2 159.5 - 169.5 2 309 164.5 329.00
L +  x i   20   x10  17 0-18 0 38 36 5 30-40 18 73
1  f   20  309 33620.50
 18 0-19 0 22 38 7 40-50 7 80
= 20+7.5=27.5 fm 33620.50 19 0-20 0 3 39 0 55+X
Mean    108.80
13 . m f fm c.f f 309 39 0 = 20+(40-30)/25 x10
5 6 30 6 Median=Class=N/2 Median Class=N/2 = 20+100/25 = 24
15 10 15 0 16 = 309/2=154.50 (99.5-109.5) =390/2=195=(150-160) = N/2 = 28.5 + x/2
25 20 50 0 36  N c . f   N c . f 
35 25 87 5 61 Median  L +  2 xi  2 N
1  Median  L +  xi   c. f
45 16 72 0 77 f  1  f
55 12 66 0 89     Median  L + 2 xi
1 f
65 5 32 5 94  154.5093  195151 
 99.5   x10   108.41  150   x10   153.80
94 32 60 94  69   116   x
x=3260/94 = 34.68 16 . C.I f c.f m
N/2=94/2=47=30-40 10-20 18 18 15
18 . C.I f 27.5 2  30
10-20 12  
=30+(47-36)/25 x10 20-30 29 47 25  20  x10  24
20-30 30 x
=30+(110/25)=34.40 30-40 46 93 35
 C-11 C-12
= 30.5 +(199.50-80)/120x10  N c . f  19 1
 55 x  4  20 12 
= 30.5+9.9583=40.46 L +  xi   20   x10  20 1
 2  30 4  55 x  (ii)The no.of student getting less than 35 1  f   15  As '10' Occurs for maximum number of
   
  10   300  4 x
x 10  2  marks=42 +38+60=140 On the assumption  25.33 times i.e 5, Hence modal value for the
that frequency is evenly distributed. Q3 =Class=3(N/4) = 3x20=60 (40-50) observation is '10'
275+5x -300 = 4x,  Perc entage of failure s if the 2. Size of Class No.of times
= 40+(60-57/18)x10=41.67
x = 300-275 = 25 minimum for a pass => 35 is / item it occurs
25 . Marks frequency c.f
20 . C.I f 399  100% 140  ? 0 3
0.5 - 5.5 7 7
0-20 14 140x100 / 399 = 35.10 5.5 - 10.5 10 17 1 1
20-40 f1 22 . Since the given values are on either 10.5 - 15.5 16 33 2 2
40-60 27 side of the median and median lies in 15.5 - 20.5 32 65 3 1
60-80 f2 the middle of the distribu tion, its 20.5 - 25.5 24 89 5 1
value remains the same. 25.5 - 30.5 18 10 7 6 5
8 0-10 0 15
23 . Size frequency c.f 30.5 - 35.5 10 11 7 7 2
10 0 10-20 42 42
Total frequency of the classes other than 35.5 - 40.5 5 12 2 As '6' Occurs for Max no.of times i.e '5'
20-30 25 67 40.5 - 45.5 1 12 3 Hence modal value for the observation is
that of the missing frequencies 30-40 58 12 5 12 3 '6'.
=> 14+27+15 => 56 40-50 40 16 5
3. 1 2 3 4 5
Thus => 56+f1+f 2 => 100 16 5
x f
f1+f 2=> 44 1 Median Class = N/2=165/2
10 4
Since Median = 50 Class : [40-60] = 82.50=(30-40) 13
20 9 43
39
 N  c. f   N  c. f  30 30 87
78
Median  L +  2 xi  Median  L +  2 xi  40 48 12 9
1  f  1  99
  f  50 51
79 12 7
 50 14  f1   = 30+(82.50-67/58)x10 60 28
40 91
 40   x20   50 = 30+2.67 or 30+2.70 = 32.70 70 12
 27  Median Class = N/2 =123/2 14 42
24 . Marks f c.f =61.5 (15.5-20.5) 80 2
5014  f1  0-10 3 3 Analysis Table
 x20  10  N c . f 
27 10-20 9 12 2 Size of items Containing max frequency
Median  L +  xi 
= 1000-280-20f 1=270 20-30 15 27 1  f  Col.No. 3 0 40 50 60 70 80
30-40 30 57

=720-20f 1 = 270 1 1
=15.5 + (61.5-33)/32x5
20f 1 =720-270 40-50 18 75 2 1 1
Median Class = N/2=123/2
f1 = 720-270/20=22.5 or 23 50-60 5 80 3 1 1
9 =61.5 (15.5-20.5)
Substitute f1=> 23 in equation   80 4 1 1 1
f1+f 2 =44 23 + f2 =44 f2=21  N c . f 
2 5 1 1 1
 f 1=23 f2 = 21 Median  L +  xi 
1  f  Total 1 3 5 2 - -
21  The Value 50 Occurs for the max No. of
Marks No.of students c.f =15.5 +(61.5-33)/32x5
times i.e 5 and Hence the modal value ='50'
0 -2 0.5 42 42 = 15.5+4.45=19.95
4. 1 2 3 4 5
20.5 - 30.5 38 80 Excercise : 2 (c) Daily No.of
30.5 - 40.5 12 0 20 0 1. Size of class / No.of times wages workers
40.5 - 50.5 84 28 4 items it occures 3 2 5 7
50.5 - 60.5 48 33 2 9 1 4 3 5 11
60.5 - 70.5 36 36 8 10 5 6 2
70.5 - 80.5 31 39 9 8
Median Class = N/2=80/2=40 (30-40) 11 2 7 6 16 18
39 9 12 2 9 10
(i) Median Class = N/2 21 27
 N  c. f   40  27  13 1 10 11 33
= 399/2 = 199.50 (30.5=40.5) L +  2 xi   30   x10  12 12 2 3
1   15 2 14
 f   30  13 2 25
 N c . f  16 2
Median  L +  2 xi  = 30+13x10/30 = 34.33 17 1 15 1 3 15
1  f 
 Q1 Class = N/4=80/4=20 (20-30) 18 2
 C-13 C-14
Analysis Table 15-20 4 17 17 .5 70.00 79.5 - 89.5 9 52 54 modal series since in col.No.2 they are 2
Size of items Containing max frequency 20-25 10 27 22 .5 2 25 .0 0 89.5-99.5 2 11 frequency of same size therefore this has
- 7 9 10 12 13 15 25-30 9 36 27 .5 2 47 .5 0 1000 to be solved under the formula mode= 3
1 1 30-35 2 38 32 .5 65.00 Analysis Table Median-2mean.
2 1 1 38 7 50 .0 0 Col.No. 29.5 - 39.5 39.5 - 49.5 49.5 - 59.5 59.5-69.5 C.I f c.f m fm
3 1 1 (By observing the frequency we can 1 1 0-10 4 4 5 20
4 1 1 1 make it out that it is Bi-Model Series) 2 1 1 10-20 2 6 15 30
5 1 1 1 Mean = fm/ f=750/38=19.74 3 1 1 20-30 18 24 25 45 0
Total 1 3 4 3 - - 4 1 1 1 30-40 22 46 35 77 0
Median = Median Class
The Value 10 Occurs for max No.of items 5 1 1 1 40-50 21 67 45 94 5
i.e 4 and Hence the mode ='10' = 38/2=19 (20-25)
6 1 1 1 50-60 19 86 55 10 45
5. C.I f  Median = Median Class
7 1 1 1 60-70 10 96 65 65 0
0-10 5 L1+(N/2-c.f)/fxi 3 6 6 2 70-80 3 99 75 22 5
10-20 15 = 20+(19-17/10x5)=21 This is a Bi-Model Series : Mode is to be 80-90 1 10 0 85 85
20-30 30 Mean=19.74, Median=21.00 ascertained by applying formula 10 0 42 20
30-40 55 Mode=3 Median-2Mean Mode =3 Median-2 Mean Median Class=N/2=100/2=50 (40-50)
40-50 85 C.I f c.f m fm Median=L1+(N/2-c.f/f x i)
= 3(21)- 2(19.74) = 63.39.48
50-60 60 0-9. 5 6 6 4.75 28. 50 = 40+(50-46/21x10)=41.90
60-70 45 =23 .52
8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 9.5-19.5 29 35 14. 50 420.50 Mode= 3Median-2 Mean
70-80 25 =3(41.90)-2(42.20)
Weights No.of 19.5 - 29.5 87 122 24. 50 2131.50
By inspection it is clear that model class =125.70-84.40=41.30
Students 29.5 - 39.5 181 303 34. 50 6244.50
is 40-50 11 .
92.5-97.5 2 7 19 39.5 - 49.5 247 550 44. 50 10991.50
 f1 -f 0  97.5-102.5 5 17 34 49.5 - 59.5 263 813 54. 50 14333.50 No.of days No.of c.f m fm
Mode  L +  xi  102.5-107.5 12 29 43 43 59.5 - 69.5 133 946 64. 50 8578.50 absent students
1 2 f  f  f
 1 0 2  107.5-112.5 17 31 37 69.5 - 79.5 43 989 74. 50 3203.50 0-5 29 29 2.5 72.5
L1 = 40, f2 =60 f1 =85 f0 = 55 112.5-117.5 14 20 23 79.5 - 89.5 9 998 84. 50 760.50 5-10 195 224 7.5 1462.50
117.5-122.5 6 9 10 89.5 - 99.5 2 1000 94. 50 189.00 10-15 241 465 12.5 3012.50
 8555  15-20 117 582 17.5 2047.50
40   x10  122.5-127.50 3 1000 46881.50
4 20-25 52 634 22.5 1170.00
 2(85)5560  127.5-132.5 1 46,881.50
X  46.8815 25-30 10 644 27.5 275.00
Analysis Table 1000
 30  30-35 6 650 32.5 195.00
 40   x10   45.45 Size of items Containing max frequency Median = N/2=1000/2=500 35-40 3 653 37.5 112.50
 55  Col.No. 102.5-107.5 107.5-112.5 112.5 - 117.5 117.5 - 122.5 Class (39.5-49.5) 40-45 2 655 42.5 85.00
6. 1 2 3 4 5 1 1 Median = L1+(N/2-c.f/f xi) 655 8432.50
Weght No.of 2 1 1
(in lbs) persons
1 0 =39.5+(500-303/247x10) = 47.4757 fm 8432.50
3 1 1 X   12.87
10 0-11 0 4 30 4 1 1 1 Mode =3 Median-2 Mean f 655
10 = 3(47.4757)-2(46.8815)
11 0-12 0 6 26 5 1 1 1 Median Class = 655/2=327.50 (10-15)
12 0-13 0 20 6 1 1 1 =142.4271-93.763= 48.66 Median = L1 + (N/2-c.f/fxi)
52 10 . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
13 0-14 0 32 65 82 Total 3 6 4 1 =10+(327.50-224/241x5) = 12.15
14 0-15 0 33 Marks No.of Mode=3Median-2 Mean
50 Mode = L1 +(f 1-f 0/2(f 1-f 0-f 2)x i)
15 0-16 0 17 Students =3(12.15)-2(12.87)
= 107.5 +5/8x5
16 0-17 0 8 25 0- 10 4 6 24
= 107.5 + (17-12/2(17)-12-14 x 5) = 36.45-25.74=10.71
10 10-20 2 20
17 0-18 0 2 = 107.5 +25/8=110.625 42 12 . 1 2 3 4 5 6
20-30 18 40 61
140+(33-22/66-32-17) x 10 9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 61 Marks No.of
30-40 22 43
= 140+1/17x10 = 140.59 C.I f Students
40-50 21 40 62 50 62
= 140 + 1/17 x 10 = 140.59 0-9. 5 6 35 0-10 15 35 60
50-60 19 29 50
= 200+(40-28)/(80-58) x 20 9.5-19.5 29 116 122 297 60-70 10 32 32
10-20 20 45 69
=200 +2/22x20 = 210.91 19.5-29.5 87 13 20-30 25
515 515 70-80 3 14 14 49
7. 29.5-39.5 181 268 428 4 30-40 24 36 61 61
Size frequency c.f m fm 80-90 1 40-50 12 67
39.5-49.5 247 510 691 691 43
0-5 1 1 2.5 2.50 49.5 - 59.5 263 643 643 Analysis Table 50-60 31 114
5-10 2 3 7.5 15.00 59.5 - 69.5 133 396 From the above grouping table only we 60-70 71 102
10-15 10 13 12 .5 1 25 .0 0 439 can figuare it out that this series is a Bi- 123 154
69.5 -79.5 43 176 185 439 70-80 52
 C-15 C-16
Analysis Table 0.22 15 00 3. 1761
C o l. N o . 2 0 - 3 0 3 0 - 4 0 4 0 - 5 0 5 0 - 6 0 6 0 - 7 0 7 0 - 8 0
By observation we identify modal class to 1 .3424 30 0 2 .4 77 1
be 12.5-15.0
Mode = L1+(f 1-f 0/2f 1-f 0 -f 2 )x i 0.022 2 .3424 06 0 .7 78 2
1 1
=12.5 + 414-104/2(414)-104-278 x 2.5 90 1 .9 54 2
0 .0 02 2 3 .3424 25 0 2 .3 97 9
2 1 1 = 125+775/446 = 14.23
15 . Mode = L1+(f 1-f 0/2f 1-f 0 -f 2 )x i 20 1 .3 01 0
3 1 1 2 .0544
L1=200, f1=40, f2 =30, x
12 1 .0 79 2
G.M = Antilog (log /N)
4 1 1 1 f0 = 28 i =(220-200)=20 45 0 2 .6 53 2
Mode = L1+(f 1-f 0/2f 1-f 0 -f 2 )x i  2.0544  10 1 .0 00 0
5 1 1 1  Antilog   15 0 2 .1 76 1
= 200+(40-28/2(40)-28-30x20  6 
6 1 1 1 = 200+ (20x20/80-28-30) =Antilog 3424= 2198+2 08 0 .9 03 1
= 200+240/22 =2.200  2.199 25 1 .3 97 9
To ta l 1 1 2 3 5 2 = 200+10.91=210.91 3. X Log x 30 1 .4 77 1
16 . 6.50 0 .8 12 9 12 0 2 .0 79 2
 Modal Class = 60-70 60 1 .7 78 2
1 69 .0 0 2 .2 27 9
Mode = L1 +(f 1-f 0/2f 1-f 0-f 2 )xi 11.00 1 .0 41 4 20 36 .8 53 9
1 12 .5 0 2 .0 49 2 G.M = Antilog = 36.8539/20
=60 +(71-31/2(71)-31-52x10) 14.20 1 .1 52 3 = Antilog [1.842695]
75.50 1 .8 77 9 = 6950 +10=69.50
= 60+40x10/59=60+6.77=66.77
35.50 1 .5 50 2 7. x f log x f(Log x )
13 . 10 .7 11 8 13 0 3 2 .1 13 9 6 .3 41 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 G.M = Antilog (log x /N) 13 5 4 2 .1 30 3 8 .5 21 2
Class f = Antilog (10.7118/7) 14 0 6 2 .1 40 1 12 .8 40 6
0-6 12 = Antilog [1.530257] 14 5 6 2 .1 61 4 12 .9 68 4
6-12 21 33 57 69
= 3388 +2 [M.D]= 33.90 14 6 3 2 .1 64 4 6 .4 93 2
12-18 36 95 99 17 .
4 . Ca lcu late g eom etric mea n o f the 14 8 5 2 .1 70 3 10 .8 51 5
18-24 38 74 63 99
following figures. 14 9 2 2 .1 73 2 4 .3 46 4
24-30 25 39 77 x Log x 15 0 1 2 .1 70 1 2 .1 70 1
30-36 14 15 7 1 2 .1 95 9 2 .1 95 9
Analysis Table 0.00 40 0 3 .6021 31 66 .7 29 0
Col.No. 6-12 12 - 1 8 18 - 2 4 24 - 3 0 30 - 3 6 Antilog = 66.7290/31
1 1 0.00 56 7 3 .7536
= Antilog [2.15254]
2 1 1
0.00 90 0 3 .9542 = 1419+2=142.1=142.5
3 1
4 1 1 1 8.
1 1 0.04 56 1 2 .6590
5 1 1 1 C.I f x(Midvalues) logx f(logx)
Mode = L1+(f 1-f 0/2f 1-f 0 -f 2 )x i 0.09 22 1 0-10 8 5 0 .6 99 0 5.592
6 1 1 1 2 .9642
Total 1 4 6 2 - = 16+ (32-16 / 2(32)-16-24 x 5 10-20 1 2 15 1 .1 76 1 14 .1 13 2
Modal Class=18-24 = 16+16x5/64-16-24 10 .9336 20-30 2 0 25 1 .3 97 9 2 7.95 8
Mode = L1+(f 1-f 0 /2(f 1)-f 0-f 2)xi = 80/24 =19.33 G.M = Antilog (log x /N) 30-40 0 6 35 1 .5 44 1 9 .2 64 6
18+(38-36/2(38-36-25)x6 Excercise : 2 (d) 40-50 0 4 45 1 .6 53 2 6 .6 12 8
 10.9336 
=18+2x6/76-36-25 =18+12/15=18.80 1. x logx  Antilog   50 63 .5 40 6
14 . C.I f  5 
123 45 4 .0 91 3  f (log x) 
0 - 2.5 25 1 23 4.5 3 .0 91 3 =Antilog= 2 .18672 =1535 +2 [M] G.M  Anti log  
2.5 - 5.0 73 123.4 2 .0 91 3
 N
= 0.01537 = Antilog= (63.5406/50)
5.0 - 7.5 17 2 1 2.34 5 1 .0 91 3 5. = Antilog[1.270812]
7.5 - 10.0 99 1 .2 34 5 0 .0 91 3
10.0 - 12.5 10 4 10.4565/5 = 2.0913 G.M  axb  20x5  100  10 =1862+3=18.65
12.5 -15.0 41 4 AL 2.0913=123.4 6. x logx 9.
15.0 - 17.5 27 8 2. X Log x 20 00 3 .3 01 0 Marks f Midvalues (x) logx f logx fx
17.5 - 20.0 17 2 2,200 3 .3 42 4 35 1 .5 44 1 10-20 8 15 1.1761 9.4088 120
20.0 - 22.5 33 1 22 0 2 .3 42 4 40 0 2 .6 02 1 20-30 12 25 1.3979 16.7748 300
22.5- 25 15 0 22 1 .3 42 4 15 1 .1 76 1 30-40 20 35 1.5441 30. 882 700
18 18 40 1 .6 02 1 40-50 10 45 1.6532 16. 532 450
 C-17 C-18
50-60 7 55 1.7404 12.1828 385 G.M = Anti log [6.3392/3] 21 . x 1/x 10 3 30 1.0000 0.1000 0.3000
60-70 3 65 1.8129 5.4387 195 = Antilog [2.1131] = 129.7 12 5 0.008 11 1 11 1.0414 0.0909 0.0909
60 91.2191 1950 15 . Machinery in Machinary invalue logx 13 0 0.007 6 3 4 1 9 7. 30 02 31.2 557
= Antilog (flogx/N) factory of Mach 75 0.013 A.M = 419/63 = 6.65
= Antilog (91.2191/60) 1 10 % 90 1 .9 54 2 10 0.1 G.M = AL [f logx/N)
=Antilog [1.520318] =3311+2 2 10 % 90 1 .9 54 2 45 0.022 = AL [7.3002/8] = AL 0.9125
=3313 =33.13 3 40 % 60 1 .7 78 2 0.5 2 = [8766+9] = 8.175
A.M = fx/N=1950/60 = 32.50 5 .6 86 6 0.4 2.5 G.M=8.175 H.M =N/f(1/x)
10 . C.I f x logx f logx G.M = Antilog [logx/N] 50 0 0.002 = 63/31.2557= 2.0157
0-10 5 5 0 .6 99 0 3.495 15 0 0.006
= Antilog [5.6866/3] 25 .
10-20 7 1 5 1 .1 76 1 8 .2 32 7 4.658
= Antilog [1.89553]= 21% C.I f m 1/m f(1 /m)
20-30 1 5 2 5 1 .3 97 9 20 .9 68 5
Therefore the percentage decrease is 21% N 9 0-10 5 5 0.2 1
30-40 2 5 3 5 1 .5 44 1 38 .6 02 5 H.M    1.93
 21 is Correct  1  4.658 10-20 10 15 0.066 0.66
40-50 8 4 5 1 .6 53 2 13 .2 25 6
60 84 .5 24 3
16 . x w lo g x w lo gx  i  20-30 7 25 0.04 0.28
480.5 30 2 .6 81 2 8 0.43 6  x  30-40 3 35 0.028 0 .0 85 7
G.M= (flogx/N)
5 07 .9 0 16 2 .7 05 0 43.28 40-50 2 45 0.022 0.044
Antilog = (84.5243/60) 1 1
5 62 .3 0 10 2 .6 64 2 2 6.64 6 22 . x f f  27 2 .0 69 7
=Antilog[1.4087] =2559(+)4 =25.63 x x
2 80 .6 0 10 2 .4 47 2 2 4.47 2
11 . P0 =2,00,000 Pn=2,40,000 4 59 .3 0 04 2 .6 61 8 10 .6 47 2 10 20 0.1 2 N 27
H.M  
2,40,000=2,00,000 (1+r) 10 r =? 70 18 5.48 12 20 30 0.05 1.5 f  1  2.0697
n=1991-1981=10 Antilog [185.4812/70] 30 50 0.03 1.67  m
(1+r) 10 = 2,40,000/2,00,000 = Antilog [2.6497] 40 15 0.025 0.375 =13.04536 =13
Taking log on Both sides = 4457+7=446.4= 447.011 50 5 0.02 0.1 26 . x 1/x
f = 120 f (1/x) = 5.645 10 0.1
Log (1+r) 10 = 2,40,000/2,00,000 17 . x w logx wlogx
N 120 12 0.083
10log(1+r)=log 2,40,000-log 2,00,000 35 2 48 2 .5 46 5 12 2.23 2
  21.257 15 0.066
22 0 10 2 .3 42 4 2 3.42 4
 logx n =n logx H.M = f  1  5.645 20 0.05
23 0 8 2 .3 61 7 18 .8 93 6 x
log a/b =log a-logb 24 0 .0 41 6
16 0 12 2 .2 04 1 26 .4 49 2 23 .
lgo (1+r) = 0.0792/10 = 0.00792 0 .3 40 6
19 0 15 2 .2 78 8 3 4.18 2 Weight No.of persons 1/x f(1/x)
r = Antilog (0.00792)-1 93 22 5.18 08 H.M = N/(xi) = 5/0.3406 = 14.67
130 3 0.0076 0.0228 27 . x 1/x
=1.018-1= 0.018 or 1.80 % Antilog x [225.1808/93] 135 4 0.0074 0.0296 10 00 0.001
13 . Po=300 n=1951-1969 =Antilog [2.4212]=2636+1=263.7 140 6 0.0071 0.0426
19 . X 1/x 20 00 0 .0 00 5
=18 years 145 6 0.0068 0.0408
60 0 .1 66 7 30 00 0.00 03 3
Pn =520 r=? 1 2 146 3 0.0068 0.0204
12 0 0 .0 08 3 40 00 0.00 02 5
Pn = Po (1+r) n 148 5 0.0067 0.0335 0.00 20 8
15 0 0 .0 06 7 149 2 0.0067 0.0134
520 = 300 (1+r) 18 H.M = N/(xi) = 4/0.00208 =1923
25 0 0 .0 04 0 150 1 0.0066 0.0066
(1+r) 18 = 520/300 35 0 0 .0 03 3 28 . x w log x w logx
157 1 0.0063 0.0063
= log (1+r) 18 = log 520/300 45 0 0 .0 02 2 16 20 1 .2 04 1 2 4.08 2
31 0.216
=18 log (1+r)=log 520-log (300) 0 .0 24 5 20 40 1 .3 01 0 5 2.04 0
= log (1+r) = 0.2389/18 = 6/0.0245 = 244.89 N 31 10 15 1.000 1 5.00 0
20 . x 1/x H.M    143.51 75 9 1.12 2
=1+r = Antilog [0.01327]
r = Antilog [0.01327]-1
20
40
1/20 = 0.05
1/40 = 02 5
f  
1
x
0.216 Antilog [91.122/75]
= Antilog [1.21496]
r = 1.030 -1, r = 0.030 x 100 = 3% 24 .
50 1/50 = 0.020 x f fx lo gx 1/x fx 1/x = 1637+8=1645=16.45
14 . Decades Date of % at the logx 80 1/80 = 0 .0 12 5
increave in dec ade 3 2 6 0.4771 0.3333 0.6667 29 . Mode = 3 Median - 2 Mean
10 0 1/100 = 0 .0 10 0 4 5 20 0.6021 0.2500 1.2500 mode =16 mean =15.6
popu lation (100 + rate)
end of 0.11 75 5 9 45 0.6992 0.2000 1.8000 median = ? let median = n
1 20 % 12 0 2 .6 79 2 N 5 6 14 84 0.7782 0.1667 23.338 16 = 3 (n)-2 (15.6)
H.M    42.55
2 30 % 13 0 2 .1 13 9  1  0.1175 7 15 105 0.8451 0.14289 2.1435 16 + 31.20 = 3n
3 40 % 14 00 2 .1 46 1   xi  8 8 64 0.9031 0.1250 1.000 N= 47.20/3 = 15.73
6 .3 39 2 9 6 54 0.9542 0.1111 0.6660
 C-19 C-20
30 . Mode =3 Median-2 Mean 281 20 76 214 1520 20-30 56 95
3Median = Mode + 2 Mean 37. Avg Marks of Class   5.62 25 72 286 1800 30-40 106 201
50
Median = Mode + 2 Mean / 3 30 45 331 1350 40-50 180 381
N1x1  N2 x2 35 39 370 1365 50-60 164 545
given Mean = 26.40 X   5.62
12 N1  N2 40 9 379 360 60-70 86 631
Mode = 28.20
10x2.5 40xx2 45 8 387 360 70-80 44 675
Median = 28.20+2(26.40)/3  50 6 393 300 80-90 53 728
Median = 28.20+52.80/3 50 393 8710 364 201
= Median = 27 50x5.62  25  40 x 281-25  40 x x = 8710/393 = 22.163 X 40  x10  49.06
2 2 180
31 . Mode = 3 Median-2 Mean Median = N+1/2=393+1/2=197
28125 180 106
mode + 2 mean = 3 median X   X  6.40 Median = 20 Mode 40  x10  48.22
2 40 360 270
2 mean=3 median-mode Mode =3(20)-2(22.163)
38 . First group Mean = = 60-44.33 = 15.67 43 .
Mean = 3 Median-Mode/2 61 62  63  61 63  64  64  60  65 63  64  65  66  64 40 . Age No.of persons c.f Class M.V. frequency fm c.f
given = mode = 20 median = 24 14 20-25 10 0 10 0 Interval
= 885/14 = 63.21 25-30 14 0 24 0 10-13 11.5 8 92 8
Mean = 3(24)-20/2 = Mean = 26
Arranging data : 60, 61, 61, 62, 63, 63, 30-35 20 0 44 0 13-16 14.5 15 217.5 23
32 . Mode = 3 Median-2 Mean 16-19 17.5 27 472.5 50
63, 64, 64, 64, 64, 65, 65, 66 35-40 36 0 80 0
mode + 2 mean = 3 median Median= (N+1 +n)/2 item= (14+1)/2 40-45 30 0 11 00 19-22 20.5 51 1045.5 101
2 mean = 3 median - mode = 15/2 = 7.5th item 45-50 24 0 13 40 22-25 23.5 75 1762.5 176
= 7 th item + 8 th item/2=63+64/2=63.5 50-55 14 0 14 80 25-28 26.5 54 1431 230
Mean = 3 Median-Mode/2
Mode: Most no.of repeated item=i.e 64 55-60 12 0 16 00 28-31 29.5 36 1062 266
given = mode = 40 median = 42.80 39 . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 31-34 32.5 18 585 284
16 00
Mean = 3(42.80)-40/2 =44.20 Marks f Median Class =1600/2=800=(35-40) 34-37 35.5 9 319.5 293
33 . Mode = 3 Median-2 Mean 5 20 63 138 Q1 Class = N/4=1600/4 = 400 = (30-35) 37-40 38.5 7 269.5 300
given = median=132.80 10 43 118 194 Q3 Class = 3(N/4) = 3(400) 300 7349
mean = 133 15 7 5 115 148 223 223 = (1200) = (45-50) 7349
20 76 193 193 Median =L 1 + [N/2-c.f)/f x i] A. M   24.50
mode = 3 (132.80)-2 (133) 300
25 72 156 156 = 35 + [800-440/360 x5] = 40
= 398.40-266 =132.40 30 45 1 1 7 8 4 156 Q1 = L1 +[N/4-c.f)/f x i] 150 101
34 . Mode = 3 Median-2 Mean 35 39 93 = 30+[400 -240/200x5] = 34 Median  22 + x3  23.96
mode = 3(36)-2(36) 40 9 48 17 56 93 Q3=L1 + [3(N/4)-c.f/f x i] 75
=108-70 = 38 45 8 14 23 = 45 = [1200-1100/240 x5] = 47.08 7551
50 6 23 Mode = L1+ [f 1 -f 0/2f 1-f 0-f 2xi) Mode  22   23.6
x Analysis Table 1 3 150 105
35 . (i) x   X x N  60x10 = 35+ [360-200/3(360)-200-300 x5] 44 . Annual f c.f m fm
N Col. 5 1 0 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 = 35+160x5/220 = 35+3.65 = 38.64
= 60x10 = 600 = Incorrect x Sales
No. 41 . 0-10 4 4 5 20
Correct x = 1 1 MonthlyIncome M f fm 10-20 16 20 15 24 0
Incorrect x-worng items+Correct items 2 1 1 300 - 500 40 0 25 1 0,00 0 20-30 15 35 25 37 5
3 1 1 500 - 700 60 0 55 3 3,00 0 30-40 20 55 35 70 0
=600 -80+75= 595
4 1 1 1 700 - 900 80 0 30 2 4,00 0 40-50 7 62 45 31 5
Correct mean = x/ N=595/10=59.50 5 1 1 1 900 - 1100 10 00 20 2 0,00 0 50-60 5 67 55 27 5
(ii) median is not affected 6 1 1 1 1100 - 1300 12 00 14 1 6,80 0 67 19 25
X 7 1 1 1 1300 - 1500 14 00 6 84 00
36 . X     XxN 8 1 1 1 15 0 1 1 22 0 0  fm 1925
N X   28.73
Total - 1 3 6 6 3 1 - - - A.M - 748 f 67
incorrect x=5.1x20 =102
Therefore Bimodal series 500 + 75-25/55 x200 = 681.82 67
Correct x= Median Class   33.5  20-30)
Mode = 3 median-2 mean 500+55-25/110-55 x20
incorrect x-wrong item+correct items 2
(x) Class f cf fx 500+30/55x200 = 609.09
=102-7+(-7)  N  c.f 
5 20 20 10 0 42 . Marks Frequency c.f
88 Median  L1 +  2 xi 
X   4 .4 10 43 63 43 0 0-10 7 7
20 10-20 32 39
 f 
15 75 13 8 11 25  
 C-21
 33.5  20  N 97 CHAPTER - 4
 20   x10   29 Median   48.5(20  30)
 15  2 2 MEASURE OF DISPESSION
Mode  Class  30  40  N 2  c.f 
L1   xi  1. Arrange the data in ascending order 11 44
 f 
 f1  f0  100, 180, 220, 240, 275, 290, 350, 370, 12 45
Mode  L1   xi 
2f  f  f  48.5  30  400, 500 N 12
 1 0 2   20   x10   25
Range L - S
 20 15   37  Q1  N + 1 th item  12 1
Mode => 3 Median - 2 Mean L 500 4 4
 30   x10 
 2(20) 15  7  => 3 (25) - 2(35) => 75-50 =>25 S 100  13  3.25
Range L - S 500 - 100 400 4
 50  Therefore this is Normal distribution since 3 item + 0.25 ( 4 item - 3 item)
30    30  2.78 32.78 Mean => Median => Mode
40 15  7 LS 500  100 40 + 0.25 (41 - 40) = 40 + 0.25 = 40.25
  Coefficient  
45 . LS 500  100 th
Q3  3  N1  item  3.25 x 3  9.75
Class f c.f m fm  4 
 400  0.667 9th item + 0.75 (10th item - 9th item)
0-20 66 66 10 66 0 600
20-40 13 0 19 6 30 39 00 2. Months Monthly Income 43 + 0.75 (44 - 43)  43 + 0.75  43.75
1 150 Q Q
40-60 33 22 9 50 16 50 Q.D  3 1  43.75 40.25
60-80 15 24 4 70 10 50 2 165 2 2
8 0-10 0 4 24 8 90 36 0 3 175  3.50  1.75
2
24 8 76 20 4 190 Q 3  Q1
5 200 Coefficient   43.75  40.25
 fm 7620 Q 3  Q1 43.75  40.25
X    30.75 6 210
f 248
7 220  3.50  0.042
84
N 248 8 240
Median Class   5. Heights in inches No.of Students cf
2 2 9 250 58 15 15
 124  20  40 10 260 59 20 35
 N 2  c.f  11 270 60 32 67
Median  L1   xi  12 300 61 35 102
 f  Range L - S 62 33 135
 124 66  300 - 150 150 63 22 157
 20   x20   28.92
 130  Coefficient  L  S  300  150 64 20 177
Mode => Modal Class => (20-40) LS 300  150 65 10 187
 f1  f0   150  0.333 66 8 195
1 4 450 195
Mode  L   xi  3. L  80
1 2f  f  f
 1 0 2  S  10 N 1 195 1
Q    49  60
 130  66  Range  L - S  80 - 10  70 1 4 4
 20   x20 
 2(130)  66  33  Coefficient  L  S  80  10 Q3  3  N1   3  49   147  63
LS 80  10  4 
 1280  70
 20     20  7.95  27.95 Q Q
  0.77 Q.D  3 1  6360  3  1.5
 161  90 2 2 2
46. 4. Month Monthly Earnings Q Q
Marks f c.f m fm 1 39 Coefficient  3 1  6360
Q3 Q1 6360
0-10 5 5 5 25 2 40  3  0.0243
10-20 25 30 15 37 5 3 40 123
20-30 37 67 25 92 5 4 41 6. Heights in inches No.of Students cf
30-40 25 92 35 87 5 5 41 53 25 25
40-50 5 97 45 22 5 6 42 55 20 45
97 24 25 7 42 57 29 74
8 43 59 20 94
fm 2425 61 17 111
X    25 9 43
f 97 63 25 136
10 44
65 20 156
 D-2 D-3
67 20 176 110 - 130 230 824 X | D | (X - M)
 N  C. F . 
69 23 199 4 130 - 150 125 949 3484 772
Q  L   x i
199 1 1  f  150 - 170 51 1000 3680 576
 1000 3682 574
Q1  N1  1991  200  50 th item  57  27.25 16  4124 132
4 4 4
 12   x 4   14.50 Q1 Class  N  1000  250  70  90 4308 52
 18  4 4
Q  3  N1   3  50   150th item  65 4388 132
3  4   
Q3 Class  3 N 4  3  27.25   N C.F.
Q1  L1   4

x i  4572 316
Q3 Q1 f 5634 1368
Q.D.   6557  4  81.75   24 28     
2 2 3922
Q Q  70   250154 x 20  83.71
Coefficient  3 1  6557 3
 N 4 C.F. x i   140 
Q3 Q1 6557 Q3  L1    Median  N 1  81  9  4.5th item
f 2 2 2
 8  0.065
122
  
 
Q3 Class  3 N4  3  250   750  110  130
Median  4124 4388  4256
7. C.I f Cf  N c.f 2
 24   81.7579 x 4   24.92 4


10 - 20 16 16  12  Q3  L1  x i
20 - 30 38 54

f M.D   | D |  3922  490.25



 N 8
Q Q
30 - 40 10 64 Q.D.  3 1  24.92 14.50  5.21
2 2  70 +  250 150 x 20   83.71 Coefficient  MD  490.25  0.115
40 - 50 8 72  140  N 4256
Q3 Q1
50 - 60 6 78 Coefficient   24.92 14.50 Q Q
60 - 70 4 82 Q3 Q1 24.92 14.50 Q.D  3 1  123.5783.71  19.93 Series B (X) (X - M) | D |
2 2 186 209
82  10.42  0.26 218 177
39.42 11. (X X)
Q1 Class  N  82  20.5  (20.30) 9. Variable f Cf 266 129
4 4 (i) S.No. X |D|
 N  C.F
19.5 - 29.5 306 306 382 13
 1 2 11

Q1  L1   4 x i  29.5 - 39.5 182 488 408 13
f 2 6 7
    39.5 - 49.5 144 632 487 92
3 11 2
 20   20.516 x 10   21.18 49.5 - 59.5 96 728 508 113
38 4 14 1
  59.5 - 69.5 42 770 620 225
5 16 3
Q3 Class 3 N 3 20.5 61.50  3040 69.5 - 79.5 34 804
6 19 6
971
 4 804
7 23 10 Median  N 1  8 1   4.5th item
9
2 2 2
Q3  L1 
3
 N 4 C.F. x i Q1 Class  804  201  19.529.5
4 91 40
f 
X 91  382 408  395
   N C.F.  2
X    13
Q1  L1   4 x i  N 7
 30   61.50 54 x 10   30  7.5  37.50 
f  M.D   | D |  971  121.375
  N 8
 10  1 5 M.D   | D |  40  5.71 (Through mean)
 19.5   2010 x 10  26.07 N 7
Coefficient 
Q3 Q1
 37.5021.18  306  (X - M) Coefficient  MD  121.375  0.307
Q3 Q1 37.50 21.18 N 395
 
Q3 Class  3 N 4  3  201  603 (ii) S.No. X |D|
 16.32  0.27   39.549.5
1 2 12 13. (X  X)
58.68 2 6 8
8. Size f Cf X f fx |D| f|D|
4-8 6 6 Q3 
3
L1  
 N 4 C.F. x i  3
4
11
14
3
0
5 6 30 11 66
f  10 7 70 6 42
8 -12 10 16  
5 16 2
12 - 16 18 34 15 8 120 1 8
 39.5   603488 x 10   47.49 6 19 5 20 11 220 4 44
16 - 20 30 64  144  7 23 9
20 - 24 15 79 Q Q 25 8 200 9 72
Coefficient  3 1  47.4926.07 39 N 40 640 232
24 - 28 12 91 Q3 Q1 47.4926.07
28 - 32 10 101  21.42  0.29 Median  N1  71  8  4th item  14 X 
fx

640
 16
73.56 2 2 2
32 - 36 6 107 N 40
36 - 40 2 109 10. Income No.of Persons Cf M.D   | D | 39
  5.57 (Through median)
N 7 f | D | 232
109 30 - 50 54 54 M.D    5.8
12. Series A N 40
50 - 70 100 154
Q1  N  109  27.25  1216  6484, 3680, 3682, 4124, 4308, 4388,
4 4 70 - 90 140 294 Coefficient of M.D.  MD  5.8  0.363
90 - 110 300 594 4572, 5624 X 16
 D-4 D-5
(X-M) f | D | 63 25.5 -
30.5 18 107 28 8.05 144.90 91
X f Cf |D| f|D| M.D.    1.26 30.5 -
35.5 10 117 33 13.05 130.50 X  475 x 50  475  22.75
N 50 200
5 6 6 10 60 35.5 -
40.5 5 122 38 18.05 90.25  452.25
10 7 13 5 35 Coefficient of M.D.  MD  1.26  0.063 40.5 -
45.5 1 123 43 23.05 23.05 f | D | 172.775
M 20 M.D.    86.387
15 8 21 0 0 123 873.65 N 200
20 11 32 5 55 15. (X-M)
X f Cf | D |  f | D | Median Class  N  61.5  15.520.5  MD 86.387
25 8 40 10 80 2 Coefficient of M.D.  
4 2 2 6 12 X 452.25
40 280  N c.f 
6 1 3 4 4  0.191
Median  L1   2 x i 
Median  N1  40 1  41  20.5  15 8 3 6 2 6 
f  20. X X (X  X) X2
2 2 2  
10 6 12 0 0
f | D | 230 10 -9 81
M.D    5.75 12 4 16 2 8  15.5   61.533 x 5  19.95
N 40 32 12 -7 49
14 3 19 4 12  
14 -5 25
Coefficient of M.D.  MD  5.75  0.383 16 1 20 6 6 f | D | 873.65
M 15 M.D.    7.103 16 -3 9
14. (X-M) 20 48 18 -1 1
N 123
X f Cf | D |  f | D | 20 1 1
M  N 1  201  21  10.5th item '10 ' MD 7.103
16 4 4 4 16 2 2 2 Coefficient of M.D.   22 3 9
17 5 9 3 15 M 19.95 24 5 25
f | D | 48 26 7 49
18 7 16 2 14 M.D.    2.4  0.356
19 12 28 1 12 N 20 28 9 81
18. (M  X) 190 330
20 20 48 0 0
21 13 61 1 13 Coefficient of M.D.  MD  2.4  0.24 f M fm | D|  f | D |
C.I. X 190
M 10 X    19
22 5 66 2 10 2-4
3 3 9 2.2 6.60
16. (M-m) 4-6
4 5 20 0.2 0.80 N 10
23 0 66 3 0 X M f Cf | D |  f | D |
24 4 70 4 16 10 - 20 15 2 2 39.8 79.6
6-8
2 7 14 1.8 3.60
 x2  330  33  5.745
70 96 8 - 10
1 9 9 3.8 3.80 N 10
20 - 30 25 6 8 29.8 178.8 10 52 14.80 21. (A  24.017)
30 - 40 35 12 20 19.8 237.6
Median  N 1  701  35.5th item fm 52 X dX-A d2
2 2 40 - 50 45 18 38 9.8 176.4 X    5.2
f 10 240.12 - 0.05 0.0025
 median  20 50 - 60 55 25 63 0.5 5
240.13 - 0.04 0.0016
60 - 70 65 20 83 10.2 204 f | D | 14.80
f | D | 96 M.D.    1.48 240.15 - 0.02 0.0004
M.D.    1.371 70 - 80 75 10 93 20.2 202 N 10 240.12 - 0.05 0.0025
N 70 80 - 90 85 7 100 30.2 211.4
MD 1.48 240.17 0.00 0.0000
100 1294.80 Coefficient of M.D.   240.15 - 0.002 0.0004
Coefficient of M.D.  1.371  0.0685 X 5.20 240.17 0.00 0.0000
20 M Class  N  100  50   50 60  1 6
2 2  0.2846 240.16 - 0.01 0.0001
(X-M)
 N c.f
19. ( x  m) 240.22 0.05 0.0025
X f Cf | D |  f | D | 
16 2 2 4 8 Median  L1   2 x i  X f m d d1 fd1 |D| f|D| 240.21 0.04 0.0016

f  200-250 7 225 -250 -5 -35 227. 25 1590.75 d -0.1 0.0116
 
17 0 2 3 0
18 4 6 2 8  50   50 38 x 10  54.80 250-300 13 275 -200 -4 -52 177. 25 2304.25
2
19 8 14 1 8  25 
300-350 15 325 -150 -3 -45 127. 25 1908.75 d 2  d 
   
20 15 29 0 0 M.D.  f | D |  1294.80  12.948 350-400 24 375 -100 -2 -48 77.25 1854.00 N  N 
21 10 39 1 10 N 100
400-450 36 425 -50 -1 -36 27.25 981. 00
22 6 45 2 12 Coefficient of M.D.  MD  12.948  0.2362
M 54.80 450-500 50 475 0 0 0 22.75 1137.50 2
23 3 48 3 9 0.0116  0.1  2
24 2 50 4 8 500-550 25 525 50 1 25 72.75 1818.75     0.00116 0.01
17. (M-M) 10  10 
50 63 550-600 10 575 100 2 20 122. 75 1227.50
Age f Cf m | D|  f| D|
N 1 51 0.5 - 5.5 7 7 3 16.95 118.65 600-650 8 625 150 3 24 172. 75 1382.00
 0.001160.0001  0.00106  0.03256
Median    25.5 0.5 - 10.5 10 17 8 11.95 119.50 650-700 6 675 200 4 24 222. 75 1336.50
2 2 22. X (A  60) dX-A d2
10.5 - 15.5 16 33 13 6.95 111.20 700-750 4 725 250 5 20 272. 75 1091.00 43 -17 289
 median  20 15.5 - 20.5 32 65 18 1.95 62.40 750-800 2 775 300 6 12 322. 75 645. 50 48 -12 144
20.5 - 25.5 24 89 23 3.05 73.20 65 5 25
200 -91 1,72,775
 D-6 D-7
57 -3 9 25. A   2
31 -29 841 X f [d (X-A)] d2 fd fd2  fd12  fd1   3.904  0.000256 x 10
    xC
60 0 0 18 3 -5 25 -15 75 N  N   3.9037 x 10  1.9757 x 10  19.76
37 -23 529 19 7 -4 16 -28 112
48 -12 144 20 11 -3 9 -33 99 2 30. A 450 C100
78
58
18
-2
324
4
21 14
22 18
-2
-1
4
1
-28
-18
56
18
 136  44
86 86   x 10 C.I f m d d 1 d1 2 fd1 fd1 2
1 0 0- 2 0 0 4 5 1 5 0 - 3 0 0 - 3 9 - 135 405
-75 2309 23 17 0 0 0 0 2 0 0- 3 0 0 8 8 2 5 0 - 2 0 0 - 2 4 - 176 352
 1.5814  0.2618 x 10
24 13 1 1 13 13 3 0 0- 4 0 0 1 4 6 3 5 0 - 1 0 0 - 1 1 - 146 146
2
d 2  d  25 8 2 4 16 32  1.3196 x 10  11.49 4 0 0- 5 0 0 2 0 6 4 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
   5 0 0- 6 0 0 7 9 5 5 0 1 0 0 1 1 79 79
N  N  26 5 3 9 15 45 28. A 35 C10
27 4 4 16 16 64 X f m d d1 d1 2 fd1 fd1 2 6 0 0- 7 0 0 5 2 6 5 0 2 0 0 2 4 104 208
2 N 100 -62 514 0 - 10 5 5 -30 -3 9 -15 4 5 7 0 0- 8 0 0 3 0 7 5 0 3 0 0 3 9 9 0 270
 2309  75
10 10    230.9  56.25
X  A+
fd
 23 +
 62  10
20
-
-
20
30
7
14
1 5 -20
2 5 -10
-2
-1
4
1
-14 2 8
-14 1 4
8 0 0- 9 0 0 1 4 8 5 0 4 0 0
660
4 1 6 5 6 224
- 1 28 1 68 4
N 100
 174.65  13.21 30 - 40 12 35 0 0 0 0 0   fd1 
62 40 - 50 9 45 10 1 1 9 9 X  A   x C
23. X (A  40) dX-A d2  23  22.38
100 50 - 60 6 55 20 2 4 12 24  N 
25 -15 225
22 -18 324 60 - 70 2 65 30 3 9 6 18  128 x 100  450  19.3939
2
28 -12 144 fd2  fd  55 -16 138  450 
 660 
  
26 -14 196 N  N  2  430.606
35 -5 25 fd12  fd1 
   xC
20 -20 400 N  N 2
2  fd12  fd1 
22
40
-18
0
324
0

100  
514  62
100
 5.14  0.3844
2

N

 N 
 xC
20
18
-20
-22
400
484

26.
4.7556  2.1807
A
 138  16
55 55  x 10
2
19
25
-21
-15
441
225
X
4.5
f [d ]
1 -30
d2
900
fd
-30
fd2
900
 2.5090  0.0846 x 10  1684  128
660 660   x 100

d  -180 d2  3188 14.5 5 -20 400 -100 2000  2.4244 x 10  1.557 x 10  15.57
 2.5515  0.037612 x 100
2 24.5 12 -10 100 -120 1200 29. A35C10
d 2  d  34.5 22 0 0 0 0 X f m d d1 d12 fd1 fd12  2.5139 x 100  158.55 or 158.60
  
N  N  44.5 17 10 100 170 1700 0 - 10 15 5 -30 -3 9 -45 135 31. A649.5 C100
54.5 9 20 400 180 3600 10 - 20 15 15 -20 -2 4 -30 60 Income f m d d1 d12 fd1 fd12
2 64.5 4 30 900 120 3600
1 7
20 - 30 23 25 -10 -1 1 -23 23
 3188  180
12 12    256.66 225 N 70 220 13000 30 - 40 22 35
40 - 50 25 45 10
0 0
1
0 0
1 25 25
0
299.5-399.5 30 349. 5 -300
399.5-499.5 46 449. 5 -200
-3
-2
9 -90 270
4 -92 184
499.5-599.5 58 549. 5 -100 -1 1 -58 58
 40.66  6.40  fd 2
2 50 - 60 10 55 20 2 4 20 40 599.5-699.5 76 649. 5 0 0 0 0 0
24. X f f x x  x (x) x2 fx 2  fd 
    60 - 70 5 65 30 3 9 15 45 699.5-799.5 60 749. 5 100 1 1 60 60
4 6 2 4 - 3. 2 1 1 0. 3 04 1 6 1. 8 24 6 N  N  70 - 80 10 75 40 4 16 40 160 799.5-899.5 50 849. 5 200 2 4 100 200
5 8 4 0 - 2. 2 1 4 . 88 4 1 3 9. 0 72 8 125 2 488 899.5-999.5 20 949. 5 300 3 9 60 180
6 1 0 6 0 - 1. 2 1 1 . 46 4 1 1 4. 6 41 0 2  fd1 340 -20 952
7
8
1 5 105
12 96
0 . 2 1 0 . 04 4 1
1 . 2 1 1 . 46 4 1
0 . 66 1 5
1 7. 5 69 2

70  
13000  220
70
 185.719.8771 X  A 
N
x C
X  A  
  fd1
x C

9 10 90 2 . 2 1 4 . 88 4 1 4 8. 8 41 0 2  N 
10 9 90 3 . 2 1 1 0. 3 04 1 9 2. 7 36 9
 175.84  13.26  35  x 10  35  0.16  35.16
27. Age f m A25 d d1 d1 2 fd1 2 fd1 125  20 x 100 
N 70 505 275.347  649.50 
0 - 10 1 8 5 -20 - 2 4 7 2 -36  340 
2
505 10 - 20 3 0 1 5 -10 - 1 1 3 0 -30  fd12  fd1 
X  7.21     xC  649.50   5.8824   643.62
70 20 - 30 2 2 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 N  N 
2
30 - 40 1 0 3 5 10 1 1 10 10  fd12  fd1 
fx2 40 - 50 6 4 5 20 2 4 24 12 2     xC

N
 275.347
70
3.9335  1.98
86 136 -44  488  2
125 125   x 10 N  N 
 D-8 D-9
-20 to -10 3 0 -15 -20 - 2 + 4 -60 120 66 10 100 93 25 625
2  fd1 x C
 952  20
340 340   x 100
X  A
 N  -10 to 0
0 to 10
4 2 - 5 -10 - 1 + 1 -42 4 2
65 5 0 0 0 0 0
52
75
-4
19
16
361
65
44
-3
-24
9
526

 14  104 x 0.5
  14.232 10 to 20 180 1 5 1 0 1 1 180 180 31 -25 625 54 -14 196
 2.8 0.00346 x 100  231  20 to 30 10 25 20 2 4 20 40 46 -10 100 78 10 100
 2.79654 x 100  167.229 365 -26 794 78 -8 64 68 0 0
2 2
Coefficient of Variation 

X
x 100
 
N N 
fd1  fd1 xC   fd12  fd1 
2
560 1376 680 2886

   560
167.229 2  xC X   56

643.62
x 100  25.98 
231  
527  107
231
x 0.5
N  N  10

32. A 22.5 C5 2 x 2 1376

5
C.I
- 10
f
8
m d
7.5 -15
d1 d1 2
-3 9
fd1 fd1 2
-24 7 2
 2.2814  2.2146 x 0.5
 2.0668 x 0.5  0.72
 794  26
365 365   x 10  
N

10

10 - 15 18 12.5 -10 -2 4 -36 7 2 Largest Size = m + 3 ()  137.60  11.73030

 2.1753 0.00507 x 10  14.73
15 - 20 42 17.5 - 5 -1 1 -42 4 2 = 14.232 + 3 (0.72) 
C.V.  x 100
20 - 25 62 22.5 0 0 0 0 0 = 14.232 + 2.16 36. X  X  Y  Y  X
25 - 30 30 27.5 5 1 1 30 30 = 16.39 2 b 11.73030
A x x y y y2  x 100  20.95
30 - 35 10 32.5 1 0 2 4 20 40 Smallest Size = m - 3() 56
25 -19 361 10 -43 1849
30 - 45 4 37.5 1 5 3 9 12 36 = 14.232 - 2.16 680
50 +6 36 70 +17 289
174 -40 292 = 12.072 y   68
45 +1 1 50 -3 9 10
34. A1.50
  fd1  30 -14 196 20 -33 1089
X  A   x C C.I f m d d2 fd fd2 2
 N  70 26 676 95 42 1764 y
-4 to -3 4 -3.50 -5 +25 -20 +100    2886
42 -2 4 55 2 4
  -3- to -2 10 -2.50 -4 +16 -40 160 N 10
 22.5  40 x 5 36 -8 64 42 -11 121
 174  -2 to -1 22 -1.50 -3 +9 -66 198
48 4 16 60 7 49
-1 to 0 28 -0.50 -2 +4 -56 112  288.60  16.98823
 22.5   1.1494   21.35 34 -10 100 48 -5 25
0 to 1 38 0.50 -1 +1 -38 38
60 +16 256 80 +27 729  16.98823
2 1 to 2 56 1.50 0 0 0 0
 fd12 440 1710 530 5928 C.V.  x 100  x 100
 fd1  2 to 3 40 2.50 1 1 40 40
X 68
    xC
N  N  3 to 4 24 3.50 2 4 48 96 440  24.98 (or) 25.00
A   44
4 to 5 18 4.50 3 9 54 162 10
2 38. X  X  Y  Y 
 292  40
174 174   x5 5 to 6 10 5.50 4 16 40 160
250 -38 1066
 x2  1710  171  13.077
x x x2 y y y2
N 10 55 2 4 108 2.7 7.29


1.6782  0.05285 x 5
1.62535 x 5  1.2749 x 5  6.37
X  A
fd
N
 1.50   
38
250
1 8
 13.077
54
52
1
-1
1
1
107
105
1.7
0.30
2.89
0.09
C.V.  x 100  x 100  29.72
 1.348 (or)  1.35 X 44 53 0 0 105 0.30 0.09

C.V.  x 100 y 530 56 3 9 106 0.70 0.49
X 2 B    53
6.37  fd 2  fd  N 10
58 5 25 107 1.70 2.89
 x 100  29.8 or 30     52 -1 1 107 1.70 2.80
21.35 N  N  2
y 5928 50 -3 9 103 -2.30 5.29
33. A14 C0.5     24.35 51 -2 4 104 -1.30 1.69
Midvalues f d d1 d12 fd1 fd12 2 N 10
49 -4 16 101 -4.30 18.49
12.5 4 -1.5 -3
13.0 19 -1.0 -2
9
4
-12 36
-38 76

250  
1066  38
250
 4.264 0.0231
C.V. 

x 100 
24.35
x 100  45.94
530 70 1053 42.10
13.5 30 -0.5 -1 1 -30 30 Y 53 530
 4.2409  2.05934 X   53
14.0 63 0 0 0 0 - 10
 2.05934 37. X  X  Y  Y 
14.5 66 0.5 1 1 66 66 C.V.    1.527
15.0 29 1.0 2 4 58 116 X 1.348 A x x2 yb y y2 x 70
35. A  5C  10    7  2.646
15.5 18 1.5 3 9 54 162 59 2 4 56 -12 144 N 10
16.0 1 2.0 4 16 4 16 X f m d d1 d1 2 fd1 fd1 2 59 3 9 87 19 361
-40 to 30 1 0 - 3 5 - 4 0 - 4 + 1 6 - 4 0 + 1 6 0 
16.5 1 2.5 5 25 5 25 60 4 16 89 21 441 C.V.  x 100  4.99 or 5
231 107 527 -30 to -20 2 8 - 2 5 - 3 0 - 3 + 9 - 8 4 2 5 2 65 9 81 46 -22 484 X
 D-10 D-11
10 53  29 x 2   6.16 d  X -X  60  55  5 17,48,153
Y   10 5.30  5 1 1 12   15892.30  126.06
10  50 
110
d  X -X  45  55  -10
y 42.10 2 2 2 12 44. N1  100 N2  150 X 1 = 50,
   fd12   fd1 
N 10      xC
N 100x81  50x16  100x25  50x100 X 2  140 5, 6
 N   
 4.21  2.052 12 100  50 N1X1  N 2 X 2
2 X 
C.V. 

X
x 100  79 
50  
29
50
x2  810080025005000
150
 16.400
150
12 N1  N 2
100x50 + 150x40
2.052 2 
 x 100  1.95  1.58 - (0.58) x2  109.33  10.40 100 + 150
105.30
 5000 + 6000
39. Model : A  1.25 x 2  1.11 x 2  2.23 (ii) C.V.  x 100   44
X 250
A5 C10
 9
X f m d d1 d12 fd1 fd12 C.V.  x 100  x 100  15  X  44
X 60 12
0-2 5 1 -4 -2 4 -10 20
2 - 4 16 3 -2 -1 1 -16 16 2.23  4 x 100
 x 100  36.29 C.V.  x 100   8.88 2 2 2 2
4 - 6 13 5 0 0 0 0 0 6.16 X 45 N11  N22  N1d1  N2d2
40. (i) Firm : A  
6 - 8 07 7 2 1 1 7 7  12 N1  N2
Wages = 500 x 180 = 90,000 42. C.V.  x 100
8 - 10 5 9 4 2 4 10 20 X
Firm : B
10 - 12 4 11 6 3 9 12 36
Wage = 600 x 175 = 1,05,000 6 100x25 + 150x36 + 100x36 + 150x16
N 50 3 99 Worker: A  x 100  20
 Firm'B' pays a Larger wage bill 30 
100 + 150
(ii) Firm : A
X  A  fd1
x C 4
Worker: B  x 100  16
 N  C.V. 
X


81
180
 4.5 (or) 25
Hence 'B' is more consistent. B takes less 2500540036002400 13,900
 
 5  3x2   5.12 5 (or)

x 100  45 time to complete job, hence he appears to be 250 250
 50  X faster.
Firm : B  55.60  7.45
43. N1  50 N2  60 X 1 = 60,
2  100
 fd12  fd1  C.V. 
X

175
x 100
SHORT ANSWERS
    xC X 2  48 100 144
N  N 
 57.14 1. Range L-S 130-25 105
N1X1  N 2 X 2
2 X  LS 130  25
12
 99  3
50 50   x2  1.98 - 0.0096 x 2 (iii) X12 
N1 + N 2
N1X1 + N 2 X 2 1 9
50x60 + 60x48
N1  N 2 Coefficient 
LS

130  25
 105
 1.9764 x 2  1.4058 x 2  2.8116 500 x 180 + 600 x 175 50 + 60   0.677

500  600 5880 155
 2.8116   53.45 2. QQQ
C.V.  x 100  x 100  54.90 1,95,000 110
X 5.12   177.20
1100 2 2 2 2 Q3  Q1
Model : B 41. (i) N11  N22  N1d1  N2d2 Q.D 
  2
A  5 C2 12 N1  N2
2 2 2 2 87.5 - 80.5
X f m (M-A)d d1 d1 2 fd1 fd1 2 N11  N22  N1d1  N2d2   3.50
  2
0- 2 2 1 -4 -2 4 -4 8 d  60  53.45  6.55
12 N1  N2 1 3. QQQ
2- 4 7 3 -2 -1 1 -7 7
4- 6 12 5 0 0 0 0 0 d  48  53.45  5.55 50  30 20
d  X -X 2 Q.D    10
6- 8 19 7 2 1 1 19 19 1 1 12 2 2
8 - 10 9 9 4 2 4 18 36 N 1X 1 + N 2 X 2 50x10,000  60x20736  50x42.90  60x30.80
10 - 12 01 11 6 3 9 3 9 X    50 - 30
12 N1 + N 2 12 Coefficient 
N 50 29 79 50  60 50 + 30
  100 x 60 + 50 x 45 8250 5,00,000 + 12,44,160 + 2145 + 1848 20
X  A  fd1 x C 
100  50

150
 55
   0.25
 N  110 80
 D-12 D-13
4. QQ 8. M.D. from mean 7.84 20
Q3  Q1 Mean 21.60 0.60 
X
Q.D  Coefficient of mean Deviation
2 20
47.49 - 26.07 X   3 3 .3 3
  10.71 7.84 0 .6 0
2   0.363
21.60 16
Q 3  Q1 M.D. from Median  12.80 (ii) 0 .8 0 
Coefficient  X
Q 3 + Q1 Median  49.00
16
62.80 X   20
47.49  26.07
21.42 Coefficient   0.261 0 .8 0
   0.291 49.00 21.20
47.49  26.07 73.56 9. ( ) S.D.  37.15 14. Series 1 
5. S.No. X 0.58
X  667.5
1 35 N  25  X  36.55
2 50 Cofficient of Variation (C.V.) 15.60
Series 2 
3 55 0.69
4 68
   x 100
X   X  22.60
5 72 37.15 15. A 4
 x 100  5.565
6 80 667.50 fd -11
N 100
7 85 10. X  20
  4.56 11
N1 71 6 nd 4+
Q 
1 4

4

4
 2 item  50 C.V.    x 100
X  100
X  3.89
 N1 
Q  3
3  4 
8 th
  3    6 item  80
4
  4.56 x 100  22.80
20  C.V. 

X
x 100

Q .D 
Q3  Q1

80 - 50

30
 15
11. (i) C.V. of A    x 100
X  
1.60
3.89
x 100  41.13
2 2 2
  14 x 100  33.22
42.14  = X 2
N
 257
100
Q 3  Q1
Coefficient 
Q 3 + Q1
(ii) C.V. of B    x 100
X  2 0
 2.57   1.60


80  50

30
 0.23
  14.10 x 100  37.24
37.86 
80  50 180 (iii) 'B' is more variable than 'A'
6. A.M.4400
Mean Deviation 240
12. (i) C.V. of A    x 100
X 
Coefficient of mean Deviation 
M.D.
X
  11.70 x 100  19.18
61 

240
 0.054
(ii) C.V. of B    x 100
X 
4400
7. Mean Deviation (MD)7.2
& Median  20
 
8.62 x 100  14.016
61.5 
(iii) 'B' is more Consistent than 'A'
Coefficient of mean Deviation 13. Let the 2 Series be 'A' & 'B'
M.D. 7.2 (i) A   20 C.V. 0.60
   0.36
M 20 or 60%  X ?
 E-2
fx 373  f1  f0 
Mo  12 Mean    12.43 Mo  L +  xi 
CHEPTER-5 N 30 1 2 f  f  f
 1 0 2 
SKEWNESS AND KURTOSIS 2
4681  373   2518 
    30   x10 
30  50 
1 . Size (x) f fx fx 2 2 29 58 11 6  2(25)18 16 
20 8 16 0 32 00 3 19 57 17 1  156.03 154.50  1.53 1.24 7 x10 70
30 12 36 0 1 0,80 0 4 8 32 12 8 (i)  30   30   34.37
50 1816 16
40 20 80 0 3 2,00 0 5 4 20 10 0 M-Mo 12.4312
 Sk    0.347  fd1   4 x10 
50 10 50 0 2 5,00 0 6 1 6 36 S. D 1.24 (ii) X  A+  xi  35  
60 6 36 0 2 1,60 0 7 0 0 0 6. (m) A=>15 c => 6  N   103 
70 4 28 0 1 9,60 0 10 0 20 0 57 8 Si ze f x d d1 d12 fd1 fd12  40 
60 24 60 1,12,2 00 Mo  2  35    34.61
 103 
0-6 12 3 -12 -2 4 -24 48
fx 2460 6- 12 24 9 -6 -1 1 -24 24
X   41, M.O  40 fx 200 12-18 38 15 0 0 0 0 0 2 2
N 60 Mean   2 fd1  fd1 
N 100 18-24 52 21 6 1 1 52 52 (iii) S.D    xC
2 N  N 
 fx2  fx  2 2
24-30 34 27 12 2 4 68 136
S.D    fx2  fx  578  200  30-36 19 33 18 3 9 57 171
N N S.D      179 129 431 300  4 
2
N  N  100  100    x 10  2.9130.0015 x10

103  103 
2  fd1  129 
1,12,2000  2460  (i) X  A+  x c   15   x6  19.32
    1870 1681  5.78 4  1.78 1.33  N  179 
60  60   2.911 x 1017.063
M-Mo 2 2 0  f1  f0 
 189  13.74  Sk    0 M-Mo 34.6134.37
S. D 1.33 1.33 (ii) Mo  L1 +  x i (iv) S.K    0.135
M-Mo 41 40 1 4. Size f fx fx 2  2 f1  f0  f2  S.D 17.063
 Sk     0.07 8. (f) m
SD 13.74 13.75 1 10 10 10  52 38  M arks No.of x d d 1 d1 2 f d 1 f d 1 2
2 . Wages f fx fx 2 2 18 36 72  18   x 6
S t u de n t s
4.5 35 1 57 .5 0 7 08 .7 5 3 30 90 27 0  2(52)3834 
0-10 12 5 -30 -3 9 -36 10 8
5.5 40 2 20 .0 0 12 10 .0 0 4 25 10 0 40 0  84 
 18     20.625 10- 20 28 1 5 -20 -2 4 -56 11 2
6.5 48 3 12 .0 0 20 28 .0 0 5 12 60 30 0
 32  20- 30 40 2 5 -10 -1 1 -40 40
7.5 10 0 7 50 .0 0 56 25 .0 0 6 3 18 10 8
30- 40 60 35 0 0 0 - -
8.5 12 5 10 62 .5 0 90 31 .2 5 7 2 14 98 2
fd12  fd1  40- 50 32 45 10 1 1 32 32
9.5 87 8 26 .5 0 78 51 .7 5 10 0 32 8 12 58 S.D    xc 50- 60 18 55 20 2 4 36 72
10 .5 43 4 51 .5 0 47 40 .7 5 Mo  3 N  N 
2 1 60- 70 10 65 30 3 9 30 90
11 .5 22 2 53 .0 0 29 09 .5 0
fx 328 2 200 - 34 4 5 4
50 0 40 33 .0 0 3 4,10 5 Mean   3.28 431  129 
N 100  -  x6  2.4080.519 x 6  fd1 
Mo  8.50 179  179  X  A+  x c
fx 4033 2 2 2  N 
Mean   8.066 fx  fx  1258  328   1.889 x 6  8.246
N 500 S.D       34 
N  N  100  100   35   x 10   35  1.70  33.30
M-Mo 19.32 20.625  200 
2 2 2 (iv) Sk    0.158
fx  fx  34105  4033  S. D 8.246  f1  f0 
S.D       12.58 10.76  1.82 1.35
N N 500  500  7. A=>35 c=>10 Mo  L +  x i
1 2 f  f  f
M-Mo 3.28 3 (m) X-A  1 0 2 
 68.2165.06  3.15 1.77  Sk    0.207 Si ze f x d d1 d12 fd1 fd12
S. D 1.35  60  40 
M-Mo 8.066 8.5 5. x f fx fx 2 0- 10 10 5 -30 -3 9 -30 90  30   x 10 
Sk   10-20 12 15 -20 -2 4 -24 48 2(60)  40  32
S. D 1.77 10 2 20 20 0  
11 4 44 48 4 20-30 18 25 -10 -1 1 -18 18
0.434  20 x 10   200 
 0.245 12 10 12 0 14 40 30-40 25 35 0 0 0 0 0  30    30    34.167
1.77 40-50 16 45 10 1 1 16 16  120  40 32   48 
13 8 10 4 13 52
3. x f fx fx 2 50-60 14 55 20 2 4 28 56
14 5 70 98 0 2 2
0 12 0 0 60-70 8 65 30 3 9 24 72 fd1  fd1 
15 1 15 22 5 S.D    xC
1 27 27 27 103 -4 300 N  N 
- 30 37 3 46 81
 E-3 E-4
48.176  47.368 (i)
2  0.0456 2
454  34   fd   778  208  4 
   x10  2.27  0.0289 x10 17.71 X  A+  1 xi   85   x10  110.93    x5  2.08 0.0016  7.208
200  200  10 . (x) c=> 45  N   300  100  100 

 2.2411x10  14.97 Age (f) m d d 1 d12

fd1 fd1 2
(ii)
M-Mo 147.20 146.687
20- 25 50 22. 5 -15 -3 9 -150 45 0 N 300 S.K    0.07
M-Mo 33.30 34.167 M.Class    150  110 120  S. D 7.208
S.K   25- 30 70 27. 5 -10 -2 4 -140 28 0
S. D 14.97 2 2 13 . mA=>24.5c=>7
30- 35 80 32. 5 -5 -1 1 -80 80
0.867 35- 40 180 37. 5 0 0 0 0 0 Height (f) x d d 1 d1 2 fd1 fd1 2
 N c . f   150 120 
  0.0579 40- 45 150 42. 5 5 1 1 150 150  L + 2 xi   110   x10   116 0- 7 26 3.5 -21 -3 9 -78 23 4
14.97 1   50 
9. A=>35 c=>10 45- 50 120 47. 5 10 2 4 240 480  N  7-14 31 10. 5 -14 -2 4 -62 12 4
50- 55 70 52. 5 15 3 9 210 630 14- 21 35 17. 5 -7 -1 + 1 -35 35
(m ) (M-A) 2 2
55- 60 50 57. 5 20 4 16 200 800 fd1  fd1  21- 28 42 24. 5 0 0 0 0 0
Class (f) x d d1 d12 fd1 fd1 2
0- 10 5 5 -30 - 3 9 -15 45 770 4 3 0 2 87 0 (iii) S.D    xi 28- 35 82 31. 5 7 1 1 82 82
N  N  35- 42 71 38. 5 14 2 4 142 284
10-20 6 15 -20 - 2 4 -12 24  fd1  42- 49 54 45. 5 21 3 9 162 486
20-30 11 25 -10 - 1 1 -11 11 (i) X  A+  xc 
3510  778 
2
 N  49- 56 19 52. 5 28 4 16 7 6 304
30-40 21 35 0 0 0 0 0    x10 360 2 8 7 1 54 9
 430  330  300 
40-50 35 45 10 1 1 35 35  37.5  x5  40.29
50-60 30 55 20 2 4 60 120  770   11.706.72 x10  22.316 X  A+ 
 fd1   287 
xi  24.5   x7  30.08
60-70 22 65 30 3 9 66 198
 180 80   N   360 
70-80 18 75 40 4 16 72 288 3(M-Md) 3(110.93116)
(ii) Mo  35   x5
(iv) S.K    f1  f0 
148 195 721  2(180) 80 150  S.D 22.316 Mode  L +  xi 
1 2 f  f  f 
 fd   35  
 500 
 38.85
15.21  1 0 2 
1   0.6816
(i)
X  A+  xc   130  22.316 82  42
 N   28  x7  33.49
2 2 12 . (m )A=>147c => 5 164  42 71
fd1  fd1  C.I (f) x d d1 d12 fd1 fd12
(iii) S.D    xc
129.5 - 134.5 3 132 -15 - 3 9 - 9 27 2 2
 195  N  N 
134.5 - 139.5 12 137 -10 - 2 4 -24 48
fd1  fd1 
 35 
 148 x10   48.176
S.D    xi
139.5 - 144.5 21 142 - 5 - 1 1 -21 21 N  N 
2
2870  430  144.5 - 149.5 28 147 0 0 0 0 0
   x5 2
 f1  f0  770  770  149.5 - 154.5 19 152 5 1 1 19 19 1549  287 
xi  154.5 - 159.5 12 157 10 2 4 24 48    x7  13.405
(ii) Mo  L1 +  360  360 
2 f  f 
 1 0 2  f 159.5 - 164.5 5 162 15 3 9 15 45
 3.727 0.322x5  9.226 100 4 208 
2 2 Co.of Valiance  x100
 3521  M-Mo 40.29 38.85  fd1  X
 40   x10  (iv) S.K   Mean  A+  xi
 2(35)2130  S. D 9.226  N  
13.405
x100  44.56
1.44 4 30.08
  0.156  147  x 5  147.20
 140  9.226 100 M-Mo
 40    40  7.368  47.368 Co.of Skewness 
 702130  11 .
  S.D
Weekly c=>45 f1  f0
Mode  L +  xi  30.08 33.49
2 2 wages f x d d1 d12 fd1 fd1 2 c.f 1 2 f  f  f    0.255
fd1  fd1   1 0 2  13.405
(iii) S.D    xi 40-50 5 45 -40 - 4 16 -20 80 5
N  N  50-60 6 55 -30 - 3 9 -18 54 11 28 21 14 . A=>650 c=>100
60-70 8 65 -20 - 2 4 -16 32 19  144.5  x5 (m )
2(28)2119
2 70-80 10 75 -10 - 1 1 -10 10 29 Income c.f f x d d1 fd1 fd12
721  195  400-500 8 8 450 -2 00 -2 -16 32
   x10  4.872 1.736 x10 80-90 25 85 0 0 0 0 0 54  7 
148  148  90-100 30 95 + 10 + 1 1 30 30 84  144.5 x 5146.687 500-600 20 12 550 -1 00 -1 -12 12
100-110 36 105 20 2 4 72 144 120  16  600-700 40 20 650 0 0 0 0
 4.8721.736 x10 3.136 x1017.71 110-120 50 115 30 3 9 150 450 170 700-800 70 30 750 100 1 30 30
120-130 60 125 40 4 16 240 960 230 2 2 800-900 87 17 850 200 2 34 68
M-Mo fd1  fd1 
130-140 70 135 50 5 25 350 1750 300 S.D    xi 900-1000 100 13 950 300 3 39 117
(iv) S.K   N
S. D 300 778 3510  N  100 75 259
 E-5 E-6

 fd  2 60-70 25 10 85 65 1 10 1 10 19 . Arranging the given data in

X  A+  1 xi  82  2  70-80 15 7 92 75 2 14 4 28 ascending order
 N     x 20
70  70  80-90 8 5 97 85 3 15 9 45 10, 20, 42, 48, 50, 55, 60, 70, 80, 95
 75  90-100 3 3 100 95 4 12 16 48  N+1 
th 10 1 th
 650   x100   725  1.171 0.0008 x 20  21.635 Q  item   2.75 item
100 -52 352
 100  1  4  4
 f1  f0  M-Mo 49.429  50.58   fd 1   52 
S.K    - 0.054 X  A+  xi  55   x 1 0   4 9 .8 0  20  0.75(42  20)  36.50
Mode  L +  xc  S.D 21.625  N   100 
1 2 f  f  f
 1 0 2  16 . (More than)(Less than) x - a / i
 f1  f0  th
Size c. f f (c. f) x d 1 d1 2 f d 1 f d 1 2  N+1  10 1
 30  20  Mode  L +  xi  Q  item 
 700   x100  0- 10 150 10 10 5 - 4 + 1 6 -40 160 1 2 f  f  f 
 1 0 2  2  2  2
 60 20 17  10-20 140 40 50 15 - 3 9 -120 360
20-30 160 20 70 25 - 2 4 -40 8 0  30  20  th 50 55
 10 x100   40   x10  44  5.50 item   52.50
 700    743.47 30-40 80 0 70 35 -1 1 0 0  60 20 15  2
 23  40-50 80 10 80 45 0 0 0 0
2 2 th
50-60 70 40 120 55 1 1 40 40 fd1  fd1   N+1  10 1 
2 2 S.D    xi Q  3 item  3 
S.D 
fd1  fd1 
 xc
60-70 30 16 136 65 2 4 32 64 N  N  3  4   4 
  70-80 14 14 150 75 3 9 42 126
N  N  th
80-90 0 0 150 85 4 16 0 0 2  3(2.75)  8.25 item
352  52 
2 150 -86 830    x10
259  75  100  100   70  0.25 (80-70)  72.50
   x100  fd1   86 
100  100  X  A+  xi  45   x10 
 N   150   3.52-0.2704 x 10  18.027 Q3 Q1 2 Q2 
Sk 
 2.59 0.562 x100  142.41  39.27 X-Mo 49.80  44 B Q3 Q1
S.K    0.32
X-Mo 725 743.47 N 150  18.027
S.K    0.13 Median    75 (40-50) 18 . Bowley's Coefficient of Skewness : 72.50 36.50  2(52.50) 109 105
 142.41 2 2  
Q +Q -2md 72.50 36.50 36
S.D  N  c. f  Sk  3 1
Co.of Valiance  x100 Median  L +  2 xi  B Q 3 -Q1  0.11
Mean 1 

f  Arranging the given data in ascending order 20 . x f c.f
142.41 0 7 17
 x100  19.64 25, 30, 34, 36, 42, 45, 48, 50, 60, 70
725  7570  1 10 17
 40   x10   45 th
15 . A=>50  10  N+1 101 th 2 16 33
(m) c=>20 Q  item   2.75 item
Mo => 3 Median - 2 Mean 1 4 4 3 25 58
Profitsc.f f x d d1 d12 fd1 fd1 2 => 3(45) - 2(39.27)  30+0.75 (34-30)  30+3 4 18 76
0- 20 8 8 10 -40 - 2 4 -16 32 => 135- 78.54 => 56.46 5 11 87
20-4020 12 30 -20 - 1 1 -12 12 2 3  Q  33
1 6 8 95
40-6050 30 50 0 0 0 0 0 2 2
fd1  fd1  th 95
60-8064 14 70 20 1 1 14 14 S.D    xi  N+1 
N  N   Q  item  3(2.75) 951
80-10070 6 90 40 2 4 12 24 3  4   N+1 th
Q     24 item Q  2
70 -2 82 2 1  4  4 1
830  86  th
 fd1   2     x10  22.808  8.25 item
X  A+  xi   50   x 20  150  150  => 8th item + 0.25 (9th - 8th item)  N+1  951 96
 N   70  Q    
3(Mean-Median) 3(39.27 45) => 50+0.25 (60-50) => 50+2.5 => 52.5 2  2  2 2
 50  0.57143  49.429 S.kp  
S.D 22.808  N+1  10 1 th
 f1  f0   Q     48 item Q 3
Mode  L +  xi  17.19 2 2  2 2
1 2 f  f  f    0.754
 1 0 2  22.808 th 42  45
 5.5 item   43.5 N+1 951 th
17 . (More than)(Less than) x-a/i Q  3   3  72 item Q  4
 30 12
 40  

x20   50.58 Si ze c.f f (c.f) x d1 fd1 2 d12 fd1 2
2 3  4   4  3
 60 1214  Q3 Q12Q2 52.50332(43.5)
10-20 100 3 3 15 - 4 -12 + 16 48 Sk   Q3 Q1  2 Q2 
B Q3 Q1 52.5033 4  2 2(3)
20-30 97 7 10 25 - 3 -21 9 63 Sk  
B Q3 Q1 4 2
2 2 30-40 90 20 30 35 - 2 -40 4 80 5
fd1  fd1    0.077
S.D    xc 40-50 70 30 60 45 - 1 -30 1 30 0
N 19.5  0
 N  50-60 40 15 75 55 0 0 0 0 2
 E-7 E-8
21 . x f c.f 30-40 16 53 N 94
4.0 10 10 40-50 5 58 Md.Class :
2

2
 47 (40-50)
Q L +
 4 c.f xi  20  3528x10  22.692
N
4.5 18 28 50-60 2 60 1 1  f   26

5.0 22 50 60 N 94  
Q Class :   23.5 (30-40)
5.5 25 75 1 4 4
6.0 40 11 5 Q C lass 
1 4

4
N 60
 1 5 (1 0-20) N  94  Q2  L + 
 N  2 c.f xi 
6.5 15 13 0 Q Class : 3    3    70.5 (50-60) 1  f 
3 4  4
7.0 10 14 0 N 60  
Q Class    30 (20-30) N
7.5 8 14 8 2 2 2  C.f   70 54 
8.0 7 15 5 Q1  L +  4 xi   30   x10   34.210
N 1    38 
15 5 Q Class  3    3(15)  45 (30-40)
3  f
4
Md.Class 
N

94
 47 (40-50)   Q3  L + 
3 N  4 c.f xi
2 2 N
 c.f   30   23.516 x10   34.1667 1  
Q  L + 4 xi   18  f
N 94 1 1  f   
Q Class    23.5 (30-40)   N  C.f   10592 
1 4 4 2
 155  Q2  L +  xi   40   x10   45.90
 10   x10   18.33 1  f   22 
    
Q Class  3  N   3  94   12  Q 3 Q1 2 Q 2 
3 4  4   4734 
N
 c.f  Sk 
 40   x10   44.33 B Q 3 Q1
 70.5 (50-60) Q  L + 2 xi   30 
2 1  f  45.90  22.692 2(34.210) 68.59268.42
 N  c.f 
Q  L + 4 xi 

 30 17  Q3  L + 
4  
 3 N  C.f 
xi 

45.90 22.692

23.208
1 1  f   20   x10   26.50 1  f   0.007
  20    25 . Bowley's Co- Efficient
 
 30   23.516 x10   34.1667
Q  L +
 
 3 N c.f 
4
xi 
 70.564 
 50  
 12
x10   55.4166


Q3 Q1 2M
Q3  Q1
 18  3 1  
f
 N  c.f    Q3 Q1 2(Q2 ) Mid Points f c.f
Sk  30-40 1 1
Q  L + 2 xi   4537  B Q3  Q1
2 1  f   30   x10   35 40-50 3 4
  16  55.4166 34.1667 2(44.33) 50-60 11 15

 4734  Q 3 Q1 2 Q 2  55.4166 34.1667 60-70 21 36
 40   x10   44.33 Sk 
 30  B Q 3 Q1 70-80 43 79
89.576 88.66
  0.04 80-90 32 11 1

Q  L +
2 
 3 N c.f 
xi  
3518.33 2(26.50)

53.33 53 2 4 21.256 9 0-10 0 9 12 0
3 1   3518.33 16.67 24 . C.I f c.f N N 3N
f  60  30  90
  0-10 12 12
2 4 4
 0.02 10-20 16 28
 70.564  N c.f
 50   x10   55.4166 Q3  Q1 35 18.33 20-30 26 54 60 36
 12  Q.D   Media  L  2 xi 70 + x10
Q3  Q1 3518.33 30-40 38 92
f 43
Q 3  Q1 2 Q 2  40-50 22 11 4
Sk  16.67 50-60 15 49 240
B Q 3  Q1   0.313 70 75.58
53.33 60-70 7 13 6 43
23 . C.I f c.f 70-80 4 14 0 30 15 150
55.4166 34.1667 2(44.33) 14 0 Q  60  x10, 60 +  67.14
 10-20 6 6 1 21 21
55.4166 34.1667 N 140
20-30 10 16 90 79 110
Q Class    35 (20-30) Q  80  x10, 80 +  83.44
89.576 88.66 30-40 18 34 1 4 4 3 32 32
  0.04 40-50 30 64
21.256 50-60 12 76 Q2 Class  N 140 70 (30-40) 83.44 67.14 2.(95.58)
22 . C.I f c.f 60-70 10 86 2 2 SKP 
83.44 67.14
0-10
10-20
20-30
5
12
20
5
17
37
70-80
80-90
6
2
94
92
94
Q3 Class 3 N
4 
3(35)105 (40-50)

0.58
 0.0356
16.3
 E-9 E-10
26 . Income f c.f 35-45 14 36 N 586 180
00 0-20 025 25 45-55 20 56 Q Class   Q2 Class   90 (45-60)
1 4 4 2
20 0-40 040 65 55-65 24 80
 146.5  (119.5-129.5) N
40 0-60 080 14 5 65-75 20 10 0 Q Class  3 
N 586 3   3(45)
60 0-80 075 22 0 10 0
Q2 Class    293 4
80 0-10 00
20 24 0 N 140 2 2  135  (60-75)
10 00-12 00
16 25 6 Q Class    35 (20-30)
1 4 4  (129.5 - 139.5)
25 6
N 256
Q2 Class  N  140  70 (30-40)
2 2 Q Class  3 
N  586 
  3  Q  L +
 N  4 c.f xi
Q Class    64 (200-300) 3 1 1 
1 4
N 256
4
4
 
Q3 Class  3 N 3(35)105 (40-50)
4
 439.5  (139.5 - 149.5)
 4 

f 

Q2 Class   128 (400-600)  45 20 
2 2
Q  L +
 N  4 c.f xi Q  L +
 4 c.f xi
 N  15  
 30
x15  27.49

N 1 1  f  1 1  f 
Q Class  3    3(64)  
3  
4
 192 (600-800)  2522  146.581  Q  L +
 N  2 c.f xi
 35   x10   37.14  119.5   x10   124.86 2 1  
 14   122  f
 

Q  L +
 N  4 c.f xi Q2  L + 
2  
 N c.f 
xi  2  
 N c.f 
 90 80 
1 1   1  Q2  L +  xi   45   x15   49.2857
f f  1  f   35 
     
 64  25
 200  

x200   395
 50 36 
 45   x10   52
 293203 
 129.5   x10   135.70 Q  L +
3 N  4 c.f xi
 40   20   145  3 1  f 
 
 N c.f 
2   Q3  L + 
4  
 3 N c.f 
xi  Q3  L + 
4  
 3 N c.f 
xi   60  
 135115 
x15   66.66
Q2  L +  xi  1  f  1  f   45 
1  f     
  Q 3  Q1 2 Q 2 
 75  56   439.5348  Sk 
 128 65   55   x10   62.92  139.5   x10   147.06 B Q 3  Q1
 400   x200   557.5  24   121 
 80  Q 3 Q1 2 Q 2  Q 3 Q1 2 Q 2  66.67 27.59 2(49.29)
Sk  Sk    -0.1126
B Q 3 Q1 B Q 3 Q1 66.67 27.59
 192 145 
 600   x200   725.33 62.92 37.14 2(52) 2 5 30 .
 75   147.06 124.86 2(135 70) (More than) (Less than)
62.92 37.14 
C.I c.f f c.f
Q3  L + 
4  
 3 N c.f 
xi  100.06 104
147.06 124.86
271.92 271.40
100-200 1000 50 50
1     -0.1528 200-300 950 250 300
f 25.78   +0.023
  22.40 300-400 700 100 400
28 . C.I f c.f 29 . 400-500 600 100 500
 192 145  500-600 500 300 800
 600   x200   725.33 89.5-99 .5 1 1 (More than) (Less than)
 75  99.5-10 9.5 14 15 Marks c.f f c.f 600-700 200 50 850
109.5-119.5 66 81 700-800 150 50 900
Q 3  Q1 2 Q 2  0-15 180 20 20
800-900 100 50 950
Sk  119.5-129.5 12 2 20 3 15-30 160 30 50
B Q 3  Q1 900-1000 50 50 1000
129.5-139.5 14 5 34 8 30-45 130 30 80 1000-1100 0 0 1000
725.33  395  (557.5) 5.33 139.5-149.5 12 1 46 9 45-60 100 35 115 - 1000
  149.5-159.5 65 53 4 60-75 65 45 160
725.33  395 330.33 N 1000
159.5-169.5 31 56 5 75-90 20 15 175 Q Class  
 0.016 169.5-179.5 12 57 7 1 4 4
90-105 5 5 180
27 . Class f c.f 179.5-189.5 5 58 2  250  (200-300)
180
5-15 2 2 189.5-199.5 2 58 4 180 N 1000
15-25 11 13 199.5-209.5 2 58 6 Q Class   45  (15-30) Q2 Class    500 (400-500)
25-35 9 22 1 4 2 2
58 6
 E-11 E-12

N  5053  13
Q
3
Class  3    3(250)
4 Q  L +
 N  2 c.f xi  200  
 20
x50   241.50


175
x100  7.43

 750  (500-600) 2 1  f  
 
Q3  L + 
4  
 3 N c.f 
xi 
(B) Co. of Varriation 

x100

Q  L +
 4 c.f xi
 N
 142.50114 
 20.5   x5   23.46
1  f 

19
x100  10.56
1 1     180
f  48 
   7553 
 250 50
 200  

x100   280 Q  L +
4  
 3 N c.f 
xi 
 250  
 27
x50   290.70
 Q3 Q1 2 Q 2 
3 1   Sk ofA 
 250  f Q 3  Q1 2 Q 2  B Q 3 Q1
  Sk 
Q2  L + 
2 
 N c.f 
xi 
 213.75162 
 25.5   x5   30.38
B Q 3  Q1

178 162 2(172)
 -0.25
1  f  290.70 171.42 2(242.50) 178 162
 53  
  290.70 171.42
 500  400  Q 3 Q1 2 Q 2  Q3 Q12 Q2 
Sk  462.12  485 350340
 400   x100   500 B Q 3 Q1  -0.191 Sk ofB    0.50
 100  119.28 B Q3Q1 20
33 . A B
Q3  L + 
4 
 3 N c.f 
xi  
30.38 14.68  2(23.46)
X  100 X  90
Sk ofA 
B
MMo
S.D

175167
13
 0.615
1  f  30.48 14.68
  Q2=> 90 Q2=>80 MMo 180162
 -0.119 =>10 =>10 Sk ofB    0.947
 750 500  B S.D 19
 500   x100   583.3 32 . Tax Paid f C.f
0-1 00 8 8 
 300  (A) Co. of Varriation  x100 SHORT ANSWERS QUESTIONS
10 0-15 0 11 19 
Q 3 Q1 2 Q 2 
Sk  15 0-20 0 14 33 10 1. Given Mean => 143
B Q 3 Q1 20 0-25 0 20 53  x100  10
100 Md => 143.05,  => 16.1
25 0-30 0 27 80
583.3 280 2(500) Karl Pearsons Coefficient of
  -0.45 30 0-50 0 8 88 
(B) Co. of Varriation  x100 Skewness
583.3 280 50 0-80 0 6 94 
31 . C.I f C.f 80 0-15 00 2 96 3(meanMd) 3(143143.05)
10 SK  
0.5-5 .5 20 20 15 00-25 00 2 98  x100  11.11 p  16.10
5.5 - 10.5 27 47 90
25 00-50 00 2 10 0  0.0093
10.5 - 15.5 29 76 Karl Person's Coefficient of Skewness of A
10 0
15.5 - 20.5 38 11 4 3mean  3median 3(100  90) 2 . Given MO => 113.3, M=> 110.73,
N 100 SK   3  => 16.40
20.5 - 25.5 48 16 2 Q Class   p  10
25.5 - 30.5 53 21 5 1 4 4 2 6
Karl Person's Coefficient of Skewness of B MMo 110.73113.30
30.5 - 35.5 70 28 5  25  (150-200) SK    0.157
B  16.40
28 5 N 100 3mean 3median 3(90 80) 3 . M=> 256.5, Md =>201.0, =>215.40,
Q2 Class    50 (200-250) SK   3
285 p  10 Q3=>260, Q 1=>157
Q Class   71.25  (10.5- 15.5) 2 2
1 4 (i) Distribution of A does not have (3M  Md)
N  100   SK 
285 Q Class  3    3  Same distribution of B B 
Q Class   142.5  (20.5 - 25.5) 3 4  4 
2 2 (ii) Since Co-efficient of Skewness is 3(256.50  210.0)
 75  (250-300) same for both the Statement is true.   0.773
 285  215.40
Q Class  3 
3  4 
  213.75
Q  L +
 N  4 c.f xi 34 . A B
Quartile Coefficient of Skewness :
 (25.5 - 30.5) 1 1   X  175 X  180 Q  Q  2md 260 157 2(201)

f
  3 1 
md=>172 md =>170 Q 3 Q1 260 157
Q  L +
 4 c.f xi
 N
 2519
 150  

x50   171.42
mo=>167 mo=>162
417  402
1 1    14  Q1 =>162 Q1 =>165   0.146
f 103
  Q3 =>178 Q3 =>185
 71.25 47 
 150   x5   14.68 Q2  L + 
 N  2 c.f xi   =>13 =>19 4 . Given M=> 240.80,
Q1=> 164.20, md=>201.60,
 =>181.10,

1   
 29  f (A) Co. of Varriation  x100 Q3=>242
  
 E-13 E-14
3(MMd) 3(240.80201.60) M  Mo 14. Q1 => 142 QD => 18 15. Q3-Q 1 => 40, Md => 32
SK   9. SKp   0.40 Q 3  Q1 Q 3 142 Sk B => 0.50
p S.D 181.10 S.D Q   18 
 0.65 100 102 100102 D 2 2 Q3 Q1 2(md)
  0.40   S.D Sk 
Q3  Q1  2md 36 => Q3 -142, B Q3  Q1
S.D 0.40
Skp  Q3=> 36+142 Q 3=>178
Q 3  Q1 S.D => -5 Q 3  Q1 2(32)
Q3  Q1  2md  0.5 
   Sk  40
242.0164.2 2(201.60) CoffofVariation   S.D x100  Q3 Q1 => 20+64 => Q3 + Q1
  X 
242.0 164.2 => Q3 +Q1 => 84 
5 178 142 2md
 x100  5 Q  md Sub in equ 
406.2 403.2 100 178 142
  0.0385  Q3+ Q1 => 84Q3+Q1 =>84
77.80 3(M  Md) Q3 - Q1 => 4062 + Q1 => 84
10 .  SK  320
5. Skp => 0.615, m => 175,  => 13 p    160
2 2Q3 => 124 Q1 => 84 - 62
M Mo 175Mo 3(65) 3 md Q3 => 124/2 => 62, Q1 => 22
SK   0.615   0.60 
p  13 
 7.995  175   Mo 1953(md) 195210 MOMENTS AND KURTOSIS
Mo  167    25
0.60 0.60 1. From the following distribution calculate the first 4 moments about the measure and analyse
6. Co.of Sk => -0.327,
m=> 46.83, mo=> 51.67 M Mo 65 Mo the distribution
SK   0.6  x : 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
M  Mo  25 f : 1 8 28 56 70 56 28 8 1
 SKp   0.327
  15  65  Mo Solution :
46.83 51.67 46.83 51.67 Mo  80 Calculation of Moments
 
 0.327  25

4.84
 14.80 X
x100
65
x10038.46 x f fx X  X  X  X  f X  X 2 
f XX 3 f X  X 4
0.327 11 . 0 1 0 -4 -4 16 -64 256
7. Given X  20 md =>17, 1 8 8 -3 -24 72 -216 648
3(MMd) 3(2224)
Co.of V => 20% => 20/100 (i) SK    0.60 2 28 56 -2 -56 112 -224 448
p  10 3 56 168 -1 -56 56 -56 56
S.D 20 S.D
Co.ofV  x100   x100 4 70 280 0 0 0 0 0
X 100 20 3(M Md)
4 => S.D x 100 S.D => 0.04 (ii) SK  5 56 280 +1 +56 56 +56 56
p 
6 28 168 +2 +56 112 +224 448
3(MMd) 3(2017) 3(m md) 3(22 25) 7 8 56 +3 +24 72 +216 648
SK 
p S.D

0.04
 225    0.75 2 7
8 1 8 +4 +4 16 +64 256
 12
M  Mo 240  Mo (iii) is more skewed to left N   f  256  fx  1024 =0 =0 512 0 2816
8.  SKp   0.65 
S.D 181.10 12 . Q3-Q 1=> 15
Q 3+Q 1 =>35 Q2=> 20 fx 1024 0
X  4 The first moment = ' μ' ' μ'  0
=> 117.715 => 240.Mo => 117.715 f 256 256
Q3 Q1 2(Q2 )
- 240 => Mo Sk 
=> Mo => 122.285
B Q3  Q1
The second moment  '  ' ' '
 2  ' 
f x - x
'
512
2
3(M  Md) 352(20) 35 40 2 2 N 2 256
SK   0.65    0.33
p S.D
3(240) 3md 720 3md
15 15
The third moment  ' μ ' ' '
 3  '  ' 
f x - x 0
0
  0.65  Q 3 Q1 2(md) 3 3 N 3 256
181.1 181.10 13. Sk 
B Q 3  Q1
=> 117.715 - 720 => -3 md
The fourth moment  ' μ ' ' '
 4  ' 
f x - x
'
2816
 11
602.285 10 6 2(md) 4 4 N 4 256
  md  0.5 
3 10 6 Ans μ  0, μ  2, μ  0 and μ  11
md => 200.76 2 => 16- 2(md) , 2(md) =>14md 1 2 3 4
=> 14/2 =>7
 E-15 E-16
4. From the following data, calculate the first 4 moments (i) about a value 25 and (ii) about
μ2 0
2

0 μ 11 11 measure / mean.
β  3   0 β  4    2.75
1 3 3 8 2 μ 2 4 Weekly income (`.'000) 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40
μ
2 2  2 2  No.of Persons 1 3 4 2
Solution :
(i) Since, β1 is zero, the distribution is symmetrical and
Calculation of Moments from Valu 25 ana from measure / mean.
Weekly No.of m.p (m-25)/10 fd f(d)2 f(d)3 f(d)4
(ii) Since β2 is less than 3, the distribution is Platy Kurtis. income Persons
2 Calculate the first 4 moments from the following data (`'000) (f) (m) (d)
x : 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0-10 1 5 -2 -2 4 -8 16
f : 5 10 15 20 25 20 15 10 5 10-20 3 15 -1 -3 3 -3 3
Solution : 20-30 4 25 0 0 0 0 0
Calculation of Moments 30-40 2 35 1 2 2 2 2
N=10 -3 9 -9 21
x f fx X  X  X  X  f X  X 2 
f XX 3 f X  X 4 Here i=[i.e.,'i' is the class interval]
Moments from Value 25
0 5 0 -4 -20 80 -320 1280
1 10 10 -3 -30 90 -270 810 Σfd 3 Σfd2 9
2 15 30 -2 -30 60 -120 240 S 
1 N
xi x 10  3 S  x i 2  x 10 2  90
10 2 N 10
3 20 60 -1 -20 20 -20 20
4 25 100 0 0 0 0 0
5 20 100 +1 +20 20 +20 20 Σfd3 -9 Σfd4 21
6 15 90 +2 +30 60 +120 240 S  x i 3  x 10 3  900 S  x i 4  x 10 4  21,000
3 N 10 5 N 10
7 10 70 +3 +30 90 +270 810
8 5 40 +4 +20 80 +320 1280
Moments about measure / mean
N=120 500 0 0 500 0 4,700
First moment about measure or mean or μ1  0
 fX 500
X  4
N 125
Second moment or μ 2  S  S
2
 1 2  μ 2  90   32  90  9  81
 
Σf x - x
1
0  
Σf x - x
2
500
'μ '
1 N 125
0 'μ '
2 N

125
4
Third moment or μ 3  S  3S S  2 S
3 2 1 1
 3
'μ '
 3 
Σf x - x 0
0 'μ '
 4  4700  37.6
Σf x - x
2 8  μ 3  900  3( 90)( 3)  2( 3) 3  900  810  54  144
3 N 125 4 N 125
Ans μ  0, μ  4, μ  0 and μ  37.6 2  3(S ) 4
1 2 3 4 Fourth moment or μ 4  S  4S S  6S (S )
4 3 1 2 1 1
3 In the bove problem '2', Calculate β1 and β2 and comment on the nature of distribution.
2 4
Solution μ 4  21,000  4 ( 900)( 3)  6(90)( 3)  3( 3)
We know : μ1  0; μ 2  4; μ 3  0; and μ 4  37.6;  21,000  10,800  4860  243  14,817
Lets calculate Comment :
Since, μ 3  0 the distribution is 'skewed'
μ 2 0 2 0 μ
37.6 37.6
β  3   0 β  4    2.35 5. Calculate the measure of kurtosis and comment of the distribution.
1 2 2 2 16
μ 3
2  4 3 64 μ
2
4  Variable
10-20
Frequency
2
Variable
70-80
Frequency
16
20-30 1 80-90 7
Since β1 is '0' the distribution is 'Symonetrical' 30-40 2 90-100 3
40-50 6 100-110 1
Since β2 is less than 3, the distribution is 'Platykurtic' 50-60 16 110-120 1
60-70 27
 E-17 E-18
Solution : 6. Calculate the first four moments of the following distribution about x=4 and thence find the
moments about the mean of the distribution.
Calculationo of β2 (The Prelative Measurement of Kurtosts)
Find also the values of β1 and β2
Variable (f) m.p (m-65)/10 fd f(d)2 f(d)3 f(d)4
(m) (d) x : 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
10-20 2 15 -5 -10 50 -250 1250 f : 1 8 28 56 70 56 28 8 1
20-30 1 25 -4 -4 16 -64 256 Solution : Calculation of Moments
30-40 2 35 -3 -6 18 -54 162 X f (x-4) f(x-4) f(x-4)2 f(x-4)3 f(x-4)4
40-50 6 45 -2 -12 24 -48 96 0 5 -4 -20 80 -320 1280
50-60 16 55 -1 -16 16 -16 16 1 10 -3 -30 90 -270 810
60-70 27 65 0 0 0 0 0 2 30 -2 -60 120 -240 480
70-80 16 75 +1 +16 16 +16 16 3 70 -1 -70 70 -70 70
80-90 7 85 +2 +14 28 +56 112 4 140 0 0 0 0 0
90-100 3 95 +3 +9 27 +81 243 5 200 1 200 200 200 200
100-110 1 105 +4 +4 16 +64 256 6 140 2 280 560 1,120 2,240
110-220 1 115 +5 +5 25 +125 625 7 70 3 210 630 1,890 5,670
8 30 4 120 480 1,920 7,6,80
Sum   N=82 0 236 -90 3032 9 10 5 50 250 1,250 6,250
10. 5 6 30 180 1,080 6480
μ4
β2  μ 4  S  4S S  6S (S ) 2  3(S ) 4  N=710 170 2660 6,560 31,160
μ 22 4 3 1 2 1 1 Moments about x = 4
S1, S2 S3 & S4
2 Σfd
μ 4  S  ( S) S  xi
2 1 N Σf(x- 4) 710 Σf(x- 4) 2 2660
S   1 S    3.747
1 N 710 2 N 710
0
Here 'i'=10 [ i.e., class interval) S  x10  0
1 82
Σf(x- 4)3 6,560 Σf(x- 4) 4 31,160
S    9.24 S    43,887
3 N 710 4 N 710
Σfd2 2 236 2
S  x (i)  x(10)  287.80
2 N 82 Moments about mean (μ1 , μ 2 , μ 3 & μ 4 )

Σfd3 3 - 90 3 μ1  0 μ 2  (S )  (S ) 2  (3.747)  (1)2  2.747

S  x (i)  x(10)  -1,097 2 9 2 1
3 N 82
3
μ3  (S3 )  3(S1)(S2 )  2(S1 )  ( 9.24)  (3)(1)( 3.747)  2(1) 3  '0'
Σfd4 4 3032 4
S  x (i)  x(10)  3,69,756
4 N 82 2 4
μ 4  (S4 )  4(S1 )(S 3 )  6(S1 ) (S2 ) - (S )
1
Now μ 2  S - (S )
2  287.8 - (0)2  287.8 2 4
2 1  ( 43.887)  4(1)(9.24 )  6(1) ( 3.747)  3(1)  66.37  39.96  26.41

μ 4  S - 4S S  6(S ) 2(S ) - 3(S ) 4 μ2

4 1 3 1 2 1 (0)2 μ 26.41
β1  3  '0' β2  4   3.5
=3,69,756-4(0) (-1097) +6(0)2 (287.8)-3(0)4 = 3,69,756
μ 2 (2.747)2 μ 2 (2.747)2
Therefore 2 2
μ 3,69,756 7. The first 4 moments of a distribution about the mean of the distribution are 1.5,07,-30 and
β2  4   4.46 108.
2 2
μ 2 ( 217.8) Comment on the form of distribution
Solution : Given
Since, the value of β2  3 the distribution and the curve is 'Leptokurtic'. μ1  1.5, μ 2  7, μ 3  30 and μ 4  108
 E-19

μ CHAPTER - 6
4 108
β    2.20 CORRELATION
Calulation of β2 2
(μ ) 2 (7) 2
2 1. Sales ( x  x ) Exp ( y  y ) 4 4 -2 4 8 0 0 0
5 8 2 4 7 -1 1 -2
Since β2 is lessthan 3, the form of distribution is that of 'p;aty Kurtic' orPlatcy kurtosis. firms X x Y y xy x2 y2 30 40 40 20 -26
1 50 -8 11 -3 24 64 9
8. The first four moments of a distribution. about X= 3 are1,4,10 and 45. 2 50 -8 13 -1 8 64 1 x 30
x    6
Calculation moments about the mean 3 55 -3 14 0 0 9 0 N 5
Solution : Given 4 60 2 16 2 4 4 4 y
5 65 7 16 2 14 49 4 y   40  8
S  1, S  4S  10 and S  45 N 5
1 2 3 4 6 65 7 15 1 7 49 1
Calculation of moments about mean xy 26
7 65 7 15 1 7 49 1 r  
8 60 2 14 0 0 4 0 2 2 40 x 20
x x y
2 3 9 60 2 13 -1 -2 4 1
μ1  0 μ 2  ( S )  ( S )  4  (1)  3 26
2 1 10 50 -8 13 -1 8 64 1   0.92
580 0 140 0 70 360 22 28.284
3 3
μ3  (S3 )  3(S1 )(S 2 )  2(S1 )  10  3(1)( 4)  2 (1)  0 4. ( x  x ) (y  y )
580 140
x   58 y   14
2 4 10 10 X x x2 Y y y2 xy
μ 4  (S4 )  4(S1 )(S 3 )  6(S1 ) (S2 ) - 3(S )
1 xy 70 1 -5 25 4 -15 225 75
r   2 -4 16 7 -12 144 48
2 4 2 2 360 x 22
 45  4(1)(10)  6(1) ( 4 )  3(1)  45  40  24  3  69  43  26 x x y 3 -3 9 10 -9 81 27
4 -2 4 13 -6 36 12
9. The following data are given to you to find out whether the distribution is platy kurtic/ 70
  0.786 5 -1 1 16 -3 9 3
kurtosis or not 88.994
6 0 0 19 0 0 0
2 3 4 2. Price ( x  x ) Demand ( y  y ) 7 1 1 22 3 9 3
N  100, Σfdx  50, Σfdx  1967.2 Σfdx  2925.8, Σfdx  86650.2 8 2 4 25 6 36 12
S.No. X x2 xY y y2 xy
1 22 -9
81 60 12 144 -108 9 3 9 28 9 81 27
Solution : We need to find β2 Where 10 4 16 31 12 144 48
2 24 -7
49 58 10 100 -70
11 5 25 34 15 225 75
4 3 26 -5
25 58 10 100 -50
μ S4 - 4(S )(S )  6(S )2 (S) - 3(S ) 4 28 -3
9 50 2 4 -6 66 110 209 990 330
β   4 1 3 1 1  2.20
2 5 30 -1
1 48 0 0 0 x 66
(μ )2 (S - (S )2 
2
6 32 1
1 48 0 0 0 x    6
2 N 11
 1 
3 07 34 3
9 48 0 0 0
8 36 5
25 42 -6 36 -30 y
(866.502) - 4(0.5) (29.258)  6(0.5)(19.672) - 3 (0.5) 4 9 38 7
49 36 -12 144 -84 y   2 09  19
 10 40 9
81 32 -16 256 -144
N 11
2
(19.672 - (0.5) 2  310330 480 784 -492 xy
  r 
x  310  31 y 480 2 2
  48 x x y
837.3065 N 10 N 10
  2.2197 or 2.2 330 330
377.2141 xy 492   1
Working
r  110 x 990 330
2 2 330 x 784
x x y
5. Age ( x  x ) (y  y )
fdx 50 fdx 2 1967.2 
492
 0.9673
x x x2 y y y2 xy
S    0.50 S    19.672
1 N 100 2 N 100 508.645 28 -19 361 0 -4 16 76
3. (x  x ) (y  y ) 32 -15 225 1 -3 9 45
fdx 3 2925.8 fdx 4 86650.2 38 -9 81 3 -1 1 9
S    29.258 S    866.502 S.No. X x x2 Y y y 2 xy 42 -5 25 4 0 0 0
3 N 100 4 N 100 1 6 0 0 9 1 1 0 46 -1 1 2 -2 4 2
2 2 -4 16 11 3 9 -12 52 5 25 5 1 1 5
Since, β2 is lessthan 3, the distribution is platy kurtic / platy kurtosis only. 3 10 4 16 5 -3 9 -12 54 7 49 4 0 0 0
 F-2 F-3
57 10 100 6 2 4 20 ms 3535 xy 195.66
r   2 r  
58 11 121 7 3 9 33 y 1594.86  15.09
y   N x y 8 x 10.49 x 2.55
63 16 256 8 4 16 64 m2 x s2 3490 x 4390
N 7
470 1244 40 60 254 3535 195.66
  0.9 xy   0.915
3914.217 2030 213.996
470 40 r  
x   47 y   4 8. Nx x y 7 x 20 x 15.09 12.
10 10 X x x2 Y y y2 xy
X x x2 Y y y2 xy
xy 254 78 3. 12 9. 73 125 -0. 5 0. 25 -1. 56 2030 4 2 - 2. 8 6 8. 18 132 - 3. 2 9 1 0 . 8 2 9. 41
r     0.96
89 14.12 199. 37 137 11.50 132. 25 162. 38 2112.60 3 6 - 8. 8 6 7 8 . 5 0 120 - 15 .2 9 2 3 3. 7 8 1 3 5. 4 7
2 2 1244 x 60
x x y 96 21.12 446. 05 156 30.50 930. 25 644. 16 10. 4 8 3. 14 9. 86 140 4. 71 22.18 14.79
69 -5. 88 34.57 112 -13.50 182. 25 79.38 X x x2 Y y y2 xy 4 3 - 1. 8 6 3. 46 143 7 . 7 1 5 9 . 4 4 - 14 .3 4
254 59 -15.88 252. 17 107 -18.50 342. 25 29.78 65 -3 9 67 -2 4 6 5 5 1 0 . 1 4 1 0 2. 8 2 142 6. 71 45.02 68.04
  0.93
273.203 79 4. 12 16.97 136 10.50 110. 25 43.26 66 -2 4 68 -1 1 2 5 2 7. 14 50.98 148 1 2 . 7 1 1 6 1. 5 4 9 0 . 7 5
68 -6. 88 47.33 123 -2. 50 6. 25 17.20 67 -1 1 65 -4 16 4 3 8 - 6. 8 6 4 7 . 0 6 122 - 13 .2 9 1 7 6. 6 2 9 1 . 1 7
6. ( x  x ) (y  y ) 314 300.86 947 709.40 395.29
61 -13.88 192. 65 108 -17.50 306. 25 242. 90 67 -1 1 68 -1 1 1
X x x2 Y y y2 xy 599 1198.84 1004 2010 1217.50 68 0 0 72 3 9 0 314 947
2.5 -1.1 1.21 -5.2 -3.6 12.96 3.96 x   44.86 y   135.29
599 69 1 1 72 3 9 3 7 7
1.7 -1.9 3.61 -3.5 -1.9 3.61 3.61 x   74.88 70 2 4 69 0 0 0
3.1 -0.5 0.25 4.1 5.7 32.49 -2.85 8 2
72 4 16 71 2 4 8 x  x  300.86  6.56
6.5 2.9 8.41 -6.2 -4.6 21.16 -13.34 1004 N 7
y   125.50 544 36 552 44 24
4.2 0.6 0.36 2.8 4.4 19.36 2.64 8
18 13.84 -8 89.58 -5.98 544 552
xy 1217.50 x   68 y   69 2
r  8 8 y 709.40  10.07
x 18 y  
   3.6 2 2 1198.84 x 2010 N 7
x x y
N 5 2
x  x  36  2.12
y 8 1217.50 xy 395.29
   1.6   0.78 N 8 r  
N 5 1552.31 N x y 7 x 6.56 x 10.07
(or) 2
xy 5.98 y 44  2.35 395.29
  y     0.856
2 2 13.84 x 89.58 2 N 8 462.41
x x y x  x  1198.84  12.24
13.
N 8 xy 24
r    0.603 X x x2 Y y y2 xy
5.98 2 Nx x y 8 x 2.12 x 2.35 5 7 1 3 . 4 2 1 8 0. 1 0 1 0 - 15 .5 0 2 4 0. 2 5 -2 08 .0 1
  0.169 y 2010  15.85
35.211 y   11. 4 2 - 1. 5 8 2. 50 2 6 0. 50 0. 25 - 0. 7 9
N 8
7. X x x2 Y y y2 xy 4 0 - 3. 5 8 1 2 . 8 2 3 0 4 . 5 0 2 0 . 2 5 - 16 .1 1
xy 3 1100 - 18 .8 8 3 5 6. 4 5 1 8 2 . 6 2 6 . 8 6 - 49 .4 7 3 8 - 5. 5 8 3 1 . 1 4 4 1 1 5 . 5 0 2 4 0. 2 5 - 86 .4 9
Marks m  m Marks s  s 1217.50
r   0.78 4 2 - 1. 5 8 2. 50 2 9 3. 50 12.25 - 5. 5 3
N x y 8 x 12.24 x 15.85 110 - 8. 8 8 7 8 . 8 5 1 8 2 . 6 2 6 . 8 6 - 23 .2 7
M m m2 s s s2 ms 115 - 3. 8 8 1 5 . 0 5 1 7 1 . 6 2 2. 62 - 6. 2 9 4 5 1. 42 2. 02 2 7 1. 50 2. 25 2. 13
45 -16 256 35 -29 841 464 9.
116 - 2. 8 8 8. 29 1 6 0. 62 0. 38 - 1. 7 9 4 2 - 1. 5 8 2. 50 2 7 1. 50 2. 25 - 2. 3 7
70 9 81 90 26 676 234 X x x2 Y y y2 xy
120 1. 12 1. 25 1 6 0. 62 0. 38 0. 69 4 4 0. 42 0. 18 1 9 - 6. 5 0 4 2 . 2 5 - 2. 7 3
65 4 16 70 6 36 24 20 -30 900 14 -21.86 477.86 655.80
125 6 . 1 2 3 7 . 4 5 1 5 - 0. 3 8 0. 14 - 2. 3 3 4 0 - 3. 5 8 1 2 . 8 2 1 8 - 7. 5 0 5 6 . 2 5 2 6 . 8 5
30 -31 961 40 -24 576 744 30 -20 400 25 -10.86 117.94 217.20
130 1 1 . 1 2 1 2 3. 6 5 1 3 - 2. 3 8 5 . 6 6 - 26 .4 7 4 6 2. 42 5. 86 1 9 - 6. 5 0 4 2 . 2 5 - 15 .7 3
90 29 841 95 31 961 899 40 -10 100 30 -5.86 34.34 58.60
135 1 6 . 1 2 2 5 9. 8 5 1 0 - 5. 3 8 2 8 . 9 4 - 86 .7 3 4 4 0. 42 0. 18 3 1 5. 50 30.25 2. 31
40 -21 441 40 -24 576 504 50 0 0 32 -3.86 14.90 -
951 880.84 123 51.84 -195.66 4 3 - 0. 5 8 0. 34 2 9 3. 50 12.25 - 2. 0 3
50 -11 121 60 -4 16 44 60 10 100 40 4.14 17.14 41.40
951 125 523 252.96 306 701 -301.50
75 14 196 80 16 256 224 70 20 400 45 9.14 83.54 182.80 x   118.88 y   15.38
85 24 576 80 16 256 384 80 30 900 65 29.14 849.14 874.20 8 8 x 523
x    43.58
60 -1 1 50 -14 196 14 350 2800 251 1594.86 2030.00 N 12
2
x  x  880.84  10.49 y
610 - 3490 640 4390 3535 350 251 306
x   50 y   35.86 N 8 y    25.50
M 610 7 7 N 12
M   61 2
N 10 2 y 51.84  2.55 2
x  2800  20.00 y   x  x  252.96  4.59
S 640 x  N 8
S    64 N 7 N 12
N 10
 F-4 F-5
2 7 1 1 1 . 9 2 1 4 2. 0 9 6 4 7 4 9 83.44 229
y 2 1r
2 1 0.9643   0.956
701  7.64 P.E  0.6745 x  0.6745 x 3 3 - 26 .0 8 6 8 0. 1 7 5 1 - 6 3 6 1 5 6. 4 8
y   239.4392
N 12 N 7 7 1 1 1 . 9 2 1 4 2. 0 9 7 5 1 8 3 2 4 2 1 4. 5 0 19. N  15
0.04730 709 5504.96 684 2 26 6 2 78 5
r 
xy

301.50 
2.6458
 0.0179
709 684
x  25
N x y 12 x 4.59 x 7.64 x   59.08 y   57
16. 12 12 y  18
x x x2 y y y2 xy
301.50 2 x  3.01
  0.72 1 -4.5 2.25 20 9.5 90.25 -42.75 x  x  5504.96  21.42
420.81 y  3.03
2 -3.5 12.25 16 5.5 30.25 -19.25 N 12
14. x2  136
3 -2.5 6.25 14 3.5 12.25 -8.75
X x x2 Y y y2 xy 2 y2  138
4 -1.5 2.25 10 -0.5 0.25 0.75 y 2266  13.74
65 -3 9 67 -1 4 6 y   xy  122
5 -0.5 0.25 10 -0.5 0.25 0.25 N 12
66 -2 4 68 -1 1 +2 6 0.5 0.25 9 -1.5 2.25 -0.75 xy 122
r  
67 -1 1 65 -4 16 4 7 1.5 2.25 8 -2.5 6.25 -3.75 xy N  x y 15 x 3.01 x 3.03
2785
67 -1 1 68 -1 1 1 8 2.5 6.25 7 -3.5 12.25 -8.75 r   122
68 0 0 72 3 9 0 N  x y 12 x 21.42 x 13.74   0.89
9 3.5 12.25 6 -4.5 20.25 -15.75 136.8045
68 1 1 72 3 9 3 10 4.5 20.25 5 -5.5 30.25 -24.75 2785 20. x 2  28
70 2 4 69 0 0 0   0.7885
55 82.50 105 204.50 -123.50 3531.7296 y 2  96
72 4 16 71 2 4 8 xy  42
55 105 2
544 36 552 44 24 x   5.5 y   10.5 1 r
10 10 P.E  0.6745 x xy 42
544 552 N r  
x   68 y   69 2 2 28 x 96
8 8 x  82.50  2.87 2 x2 x y
x  1  0.7885
2 N 10  0.6745 x 42
x  36  2.12 12   0.81
x  2 51.85
N 8 y 204.50  4.52 0.3789
y    0.6745 x  0.0737 21.
2 N 10 3.46 x y x x2 y y2 xy
y 44  2.35
y   xy 123.50 15 80 -2.5 6.25 30 900 -75.00
N 8 r  
N x y 10 x 2.87 x 4.52 18. (x  d) (y  d) 16 75 -1.5 2.25 25 625 -37.50
xy 24 17 60 -0.5 0.25 10 100 -5.00
r    0.603 123.50 x dx (dx)2 y dy (dy)2 dxdy
N x y 8 x 2.12 x 2.35   0.95 40 -8 64 10 -10 100 80 18 40 0.5 0.25 -10 100 -5.00
129.724
15. 42 -6 36 12 -8 64 48 19 30 1.5 2.25 -20 400 -30.00
x x x2 y y y2 xy 2 20 15 2.5 6.25 -35 1225 -87.50
1 r 46 -2 4 15 -5 25 10
7 3 9 18 6 36 18 P.E  0.6745 x
N 48 0 0 23 3 9 0 105 300 17.50 3350 -240
6 2 4 16 4 16 8
2
3 2 50 2 4 27 7 49 14 H Calculation of % of regular players for
5 1 1 14 2 4 2 1  0.95  1 0.9025 56 8 64 30 10 100 80 all the age groups.
4 0 0 12 0 0 0  0.6745 x   For e.g 15 % of player will
10 10 -6 172 -3 347 232
3 -1 1 10 -2 4 2  200 100 
0.0975
2 -2 4 6 -6 36 12  0.6745 x
dxdy
dx x dy  250 80 
1 -3 9 8 -4 16 12 10
N
r 105 300
28 28 84 112 54  0.06576  0.021 (or) 0.0208 x   17.50 y   50.00
28 84 3.16228 2  dx2 2 dy2 6 6
x   4 y   12 17.  dx  dy 
7 7 N N 2
x x x2 y y y2 xy x  x  17.50  1.71
2 5 2 - 7. 0 8 50.13 45 -12 144 84.96 N 6
x  x  28  4  2 232  6 x -3
N 7 7 4 1 4 . 9 2 2 2 2. 6 1 80 23 529 3 4 3. 1 6 6 2
9 3 3 3 . 9 2 1 15 0 .5 7 63 6 36 2 0 3. 5 2  y 3350  23.63
y  
y
2
112  5 5 - 4. 0 8 16.65 60 3 9 - 12 .2 4
172 
 6 347   32
2
N 6
y   16  4 4 1 - 18 .0 8 3 2 6. 8 9 35 -22 484 3 9 7. 7 6 xy
N 7 6 6 240
2 3 - 36 .0 8 1 30 1 .7 7 40 -17 289 6 1 3. 3 6 r  
18 N  x y 6 x 1.71 x 23.63
9 2 3 2 . 9 2 1 08 3 .7 3 70 13 169 4 2 7. 9 6 232 
xy 54 6 229 240
r    0.9643 6 4 4. 92 24.21 58 1 1 4. 92     0.99
N  x y 7 x2x4 166 345.50 12.88 x 18.59 242.4438
4 0 - 19 .0 8 3 6 4. 0 5 43 -14 196 2 6 7. 1 2
 F-6 F-7
22. 3 6 -1 1 -2 4 2 6 5 +1 1 444
x x x2 y y y2 xy 4 8 0 0 0 0 0 7 4 +3 9 1  0.5515
990
2 -4 16 18 8 64 -32 5 10 1 1 2 4 2 8 7 +1 1
2 6 44 
4 -2 4 12 2 4 -4 6 11 2 4 3 9 6 9 8 1 1 nd rd 6 d 2
5 -1 1 10 0 0 0 7 13 3 9 5 25 15 10 2 8 64 2 &3 1 1
3 3
28 56 28 76 46 N N 10 10
6 0 0 8 -2 4 0 11 11 0 0
8 2 4 7 -3 9 -6 12 1 11 121 264
x 28 1  0.7333
11 5 25 5 -5 25 -25 x    4 416 990
N 7
36 50 60 105 -67 2 2 6156 
y 56 6 D st rd 6 d 2
36 60 y   8 r 1 1 &3  1  1
x   6 y   10 N 7 s 3 3 3
6 6 N N N N 10 10
2 6 x 416 2496 936
2 x  x  28  4  2 1  1 1  0.0545
x  x  50  2.89 3 1716 990
N 6
N 7 12 - 12 28. X R1 Y R2 D D2
2  1  1.454  0.454 75 4 120 3 1 1
2 y 76  3.30
y y   26. R1 R2 D D2
y   106  4.20 N 7 88 7 134 4 3 9
N 6 A S 95 8 150 7 1 1
xy 46 1 1 0 0 70 3 55 1 2 4
xy 67 r  
r   N x y 7 x 2 x 3.30 2 3 -1 1 60 2 110 2 0 0
N x y 6 x 2.89 x 4.20 3 5 -2 4 80 5 140 5 0 0
67 46 4 6 -2 4 81 6 142 6 0 0
  0.92   0.99
72.828 5 7 -2 4 50 1 1000 8 -7 49
46.20
(ii) 6 4 2 4 64
x y x x2 y y2 xy 24. R1-R2 7 8 -1 1
10 39 -8 64 25 625 -200 R1 R2 d d2 8 10 -2 4 2
6 D 6 x 64
5 4 1 1 r 1 1
14 21 -4 16 7 49 -28 9 9 0 0 s 3 3
2 5 -3 9 N N 8 -8
16 15 -2 4 1 1 -2 10 2 8 64
3 2 1 1
18 9 0 0 -5 25 0 86  1  384  0.238
22 6 4 16 -10 100 -40 4 1 3 9 504
1 6 -5 25 2 29. R1-R2
28 0 10 100 -14 196 -140 6 D
r 1
108 84 200 996 -410 6 7 -1 1 s 3 X R1 Y R2 D D2
N N
8 10 -2 4 97.8 3 78.2 1 2 4
x  108  18 y  84  14 7 9 -2 4 1
6 x 86
 1
516 99.2 7 85.8 7 0 0
6 6 3 1000 10
10 11 -1 1  
10 - 10 98.8 6 78.9 4 2 4
2 9 12 -3 9 3 3 98.4 5 77.2 3 2 4
x  x  200  5.77 516
12 3 9 81 1  0.479 98.3 4 75.8 2 2 4
N 6 11 8 3 9 990 96.7 1 81.2 5 -4 16
2 154 27. (R1-R2) (R2-R3) (R1-R3) 97.1 2 83.8 6 -4 16
y 996  12.88 R1 R2 R3 D1 D2 D3 D12 D22 D32
y   2 48
N 6 6 D 1 4 6 -3 -2 -5 9 4 25
r 1 2
s 3 5 8 7 -3 +1 -2 9 1 4 6 D 6 x 48
xy 410 N N r 1 1
r   4 7 8 -3 -1 -4 9 1 16 s 3 3
N  x y 6 x 5.77 x 12.88 6 x 154 924 N N 7 -7
1  1 8 6 1 2 5 7 4 25 49
3 1728 12 288
410
12 - 12 9 5 5 4 0 4 16 0 16 1
336
 0.143
  0.92 6 9 10 -3 -1 -4 9 1 16
445.9056 924 10 10 9 0 1 1 0 1 1 30. R1 - R2
1  0.46
Both the results have same ans because change 1716 7 3 2 4 1 5 16 1 25 X R1 Y R2 D D2
of origin and scale don't affect the values of 'r' 25. R1 R2 R1-R2 3 2 3 1 -1 0 1 1 0 20 1 25 1 0 0
23. H Multiply each item of X series by 10 x y d d2 2 1 4 1 -3 -2 1 9 4 25 3 50 2.5 0.5 0.25
and divide each item of y series with 1 12 -11 121 74 44 156 60 6 55 4 2 4
1000 for Simplification of Calculation. 2 9 -7 49 45 4 50 2.5 1.5 2.25
3 6 -3 9 2 6 74 
x y x x2 y y2 xy st nd 6 d1 80 9 60 5 4 16
4 10 -6 36 1 &2  1  1 25 3 70 7 -4 16
1 3 -3 9 -5 25 25 3 3
5 3 2 4 N N 10 10
2 5 -2 4 -3 9 6 55 5 72 8 -3 9
 F-8 F-9
65 7 78 9 -2 4 33. x Dx y Dy DxDy 2 xy 25
25 3 80 10 -7 49 160 210 1 r r   0.6 
3. P. F .  0.6745 x N  x y 6 x y
75 8 63 6 +2 4 164 + 190 - - N
104.50 170 + 180 - - 25
2  y   y  6.94
182 + 170 - - 1  0.7  0.6 x 6

r 1
 12 12
   
6 104.50  1 3 3  1 2  2 
3 3
 170
175
-
+
200
190
+
-
-
-
 0.6745 x
5
9.
xy
 Covariance 20
s 3 N
10 10 190 + 182 - - 1 0.49 r 0.8
 0.6745 x  0.15
6 x 104.50 + 02 + 0.5 C 0 2.24 Variance of x 16
1 N (N-1) 7-1 6 (R is not Significant)
990 x  Variance of x  16  4
2(0) 6 4.
 1  0.648  0.352 rc    2c  N    (a) PE = 0.6745 20 20
31. R1 - R2 N 6 0.8    6.25
X R1 Y R2 D D2 1  r2 1  (0.8)2 40 x y 4 x 0.8
15 2 40 5 -3 9   0  6    6  1  0.6745  10. r 0.48
6 6 N N
20 3.5 30 4 -0.5 0.25 xy
34. x Dx y Dy DxDy 1  (0.8)2 Covariance   36
28 5 50 6 -1 1 0.06  0.6745  N
120 70 N
12 1 30 4 -3 9 Variance of x 16
140 + 60 - -
40 6 20 2 4 16 1  0.64
155 + 80 + + N  0.6745  x  Variance of x  16  4
60 7 10 1 6 36 0.06
155 0 100 + 0
20 3.5 30 4 -0.5 0.25 N  0.6745(6) 36
135 - 100 0 0 0.48   y
80 8 60 7 1 1 4 x y
130 - 75 - + N  4.047  N  (4.047)2  N  16.378
72.50
140 + 85 + + 36
1  (0.4)2   y  18.75
 12 12
   
6 72.50  1 2  2  1 3  3 
3 3

C 3 (b) 0.08  0.6745 
N
11.
4 x 0.48
R1 - R2
r 1
s 3    2c  N    2 x 3-6 1  064
8 8 N 6 N  0.6745   N  7.08225 R1 R1 D D2
0.08 5 1 4 16
6 x 72.50 + 0.50 + 2
1  0.893    6 6  0 N= 50.158 4 2 2 4
504 6
 a is more Significate 3 3 0 0
32. X R1 Y R2 D D2 2 4 -2 4
SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS 5
12 2 16 2.5 -0.5 0.25 1 5 -4 16
(a) P.E = 0.6745
18 3.5 15 1 2.5 6.25 40
2
3 1 28 7.5 -6.5 42.25
1. P. F .  0.6745 x
1 r 1  r2 1  0.9  2  
18 3.5 16 2.5 1 1   0.09  0.6745 
N 3 4 N N 1   6 D   1   6 x 40 
25 7.5 24 6 1.5 2.25
2  N3  N   53  5 
24 6 22 5 1 1 1  0.9  0.6745(1  09)
25 7.5 28 7.5 0 0  0.6745 x N  N  0.7494
0.09  
40 10 36 10 0 0
10
N = 0.8657  1   240   1  2  1
 120 
38 9 34 9 0 0 0.6745 x 0.19 (b) 0.05 = 0.6745
22 5 19 4 1 1   0.04 12. Rank difference of a panis 80
3.16 1  0.6 0.6745(1  06)
54  N  
0.05  
1 r
2 N  1   6 x 80   1   480 
 3 3 3 3  2. P. F .  0.6745 x  N  5.396  93  9   720 
6 54 2 2  2 2  2 2 + 2 2  N
12 12 12 12  xy  1  0.666  0.333
 8.  25
r 1  2
s 1  0.6  N
10310  0.6745 x
4 r  0.6
6 x 54 + 0.5 + 0.5 + 0.5 + 0.5
1 x  6
990 0.6745 x 0.64
  0.21584 Variance of x  36
656 2
1  0.660 (R is not Significant) x  Variance of x  36  6
990 y ?