Motion Graphs and SUVAT EQ MS

1. A ball is dropped and rebounds vertically to less than the original height.
For this first bounce only, sketch graphs of
(a) the velocity of the ball plotted against time,
v elo city
tim e
(4)
(b) the acceleration of the ball plotted against time.
acc elera tio n
tim e
(1)
Q
P
50°
(c)
The ball is then thrown at an angle to the horizontal and follows the
trajectory shown in the diagram.
Mark on the diagram the directions of

Thornleigh Salesian College, Bolton 1
(i) the acceleration vector at P,
(ii) the acceleration vector at Q,
(iii) the momentum vector at P,
(iv) the momentum vector at Q.

(4)
(d) The mass of the ball is 0.15 kg and the initial direction makes an angle of
50° to the horizontal. Calculate the magnitude of the momentum of the ball
at Q when it is projected with an initial speed of 15 m s–1. Neglect the
effects of air resistance.
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(4)
(Total 13 marks)
2. The diagram shows the velocity-time graph for a vertically bouncing ball, which
is released above the ground at A and strikes the floor at B. The effects of air
resistance have been neglected.
v
B
D
0
t
A
(a) (i) What does the gradient of a velocity-time graph represent?
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(ii) Explain why the gradient of the line CD is the same as line AB.
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(iii) What does the area between the line AB and the time axis represent?
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(iv) State why the velocity at C is negative.
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(v) State why the speed at C is less than the speed at B.
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(5)
(b) The ball has a mass of 0.15 kg and is dropped from an initial height of 1.2
m. After impact the ball rebounds to a height of 0.75 m.
Calculate
(i) the speed of the ball immediately before impact,
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(ii) the speed of the ball immediately after impact,
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(iii) the change in momentum of the ball as a result of the impact,
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(iv) the magnitude of the resultant average force acting on the ball during
impact if it is in contact with the floor for 0.10 s.
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(8)
(Total 13 marks)

3. A car accelerates from rest to a speed of 26 m s–1. The table shows how the
speed of the car varies over the first 30 seconds of motion.
time/ s 0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
speed/ m 0 16.5 22.5 24.5 25.5 26.0 26.0

s–1
(a) Draw a graph of speed against time on the grid provided.
sp eed / m s – 1
0
0 tim e / s
(3)
(b) Calculate the average acceleration of the car over the first 25 s.
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(2)

(c) Use your graph to estimate the distance travelled by the car in the first 25
s.
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(2)
(d) Using the axes below, sketch a graph to show how the resultant force
acting on the car varies over the first 30 s of motion.
resu ltan t fo rce
0
0 tim e
(2)
(e) Explain the shape of the graph you have sketched in part (d), with
reference to the graph you plotted in part (a).
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(2)
(Total 11 marks)

4. A supertanker of mass 4.0 × 108 kg, cruising at an initial speed of 4.5 m s–1,
takes one hour to come to rest.
(a) Assuming that the force slowing the tanker down is constant, calculate
(i) the deceleration of the tanker,
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(ii) the distance travelled by the tanker while slowing to a stop.
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(4)
(b) Sketch, using the axes below, a distance-time graph representing the
motion of the tanker until it stops.
d istan ce
0
tim e
0
(2)
(c) Explain the shape of the graph you have sketched in part (b).
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(2)
(Total 8 marks)

5. A mass of 1500kg is attached to a cable and raised vertically by a crane. The
graph shows how its velocity varies with time.
3 .0
v e lo c ity /m s –1
2 .0
1 .0
A B C D E F
0
1 .0 2 .0 3 .0 4 .0 tim e /s 5 .0
(a) Determine
(i) the initial uniform acceleration of the

mass, ...................................................
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(ii) the distance travelled by the mass while it is accelerating upwards.
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(3)
(b) (i) Calculate the tension in the cable in the intervals
AB, ........................................................................................................
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CD. ........................................................................................................
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(ii) State in which interval of the motion the tension in the cable is least.
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(4)

(c) Calculate the power supplied by the crane during the interval CD.
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(2)
(Total 9 marks)
6. A constant resultant horizontal force of 1.8 × 103 N acts on a car of mass 900
kg, initially at rest on a level road.
(a) Calculate
(i) the acceleration of the car,
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(ii) the speed of the car after 8.0 s,
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(iii) the momentum of the car after 8.0 s,
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(iv) the distance travelled by the car in the first 8.0 s of its motion,
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(v) the work done by the resultant horizontal force during the first 8.0 s.
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(9)
(b) On the axes below sketch the graphs for speed, v, and distance travelled,
s, against time, t, for the first 8.0 s of the car’s motion.
v s
0 t 0 t
0 0
(2)
(c) In practice the resultant force on the car changes with time. Air resistance
is one factor that affects the resultant force acting on the vehicle.
You may be awarded marks for the quality of written communication in your
answer.
(i) Suggest, with a reason, how the resultant force on the car changes
as its speed increases.
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(ii) Explain, using Newton’s laws of motion, why the vehicle has a
maximum speed.
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(5)
(Total 16 marks)

7. The graph shows how the vertical speed of a parachutist changes with time
during the first
20 s of his jump. To avoid air turbulence caused by the aircraft, he waits a short
time after jumping before pulling the cord to release his parachute.
50
C
v ertica l B
sp eed /m s –1 40
30
D
20
10
A
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
tim e /s
(a) Regions A, B and C of the graph show the speed before the parachute has
opened. With reference to the forces acting on the parachutist, explain why
the graph has this shape in the region marked
(i)
A, ..........................................................................................................
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(ii)
B, ..........................................................................................................
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(iii)
C. ..........................................................................................................
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(6)

(b) Calculate the maximum deceleration of the parachutist in the region of the
graph marked D, which shows how the speed changes just after the
parachute has opened. Show your method clearly,
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(2)
(c) Use the graph to find the total vertical distance fallen by the parachutist in
the first 10 s of the jump. Show your method clearly.
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(4)
(d) During his descent, the parachutist drifts sideways in the wind and hits the
ground with a vertical speed of 5.0 m s–1 and a horizontal speed of 3.0 m
s–1. Find
(i) the resultant speed with which he hits the ground,
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(ii) the angle his resultant velocity makes with the vertical.
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(2)
(Total 14 marks)

8. The graph represents the motion of two cars, A and B, as they move along a
straight, horizontal road.
sp eed /m s – 1
19
18 B
17
16 A
15
14
13
12
11
10
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
tim e/s
(a) Describe the motion of each car as shown on the graph.
(i) car A: .....................................................................................................

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(ii) car
B: ......................................................................................................
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(3)
(b) Calculate the distance travelled by each car during the first 5.0 s.
(i) car A: ....................................

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(ii) car B: .......................

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(4)

(c) At time t = 0, the two cars are level. Explain why car A is at its maximum
distance ahead of B at t = 2.5 s
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(3)
(Total 10 marks)
9. The aeroplane shown in the diagram below is travelling horizontally at 95 m

s–1. It has to drop a crate of emergency supplies.
The air resistance acting on the crate may be neglected.
9 5 m s –1
P
Q R
(a) (i) The crate is released from the aircraft at point P and lands at point Q.
Sketch the path followed by the crate between P and Q as seen from
the ground.
(ii) Explain why the horizontal component of the crate’s velocity remains
constant while it is moving through the air.
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(3)

(b) (i) To avoid damage to the crate, the maximum vertical component of
the crate’s velocity on landing should be 32 m s–1. Show that the
maximum height from which the crate can be dropped is
approximately 52 m.
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(ii) Calculate the time taken for the crate to reach the ground if the crate
is dropped from a height of 52 m.
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(iii) If R is a point on the ground directly below P, calculate the horizontal

distance QR.
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(6)
(c) In practice air resistance is not negligible. State and explain the effect this
has on the maximum height from which the crate can be dropped.
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(2)
(Total 11 marks)

10. While investigating projectile motion, a student used stroboscopic photography
to determine the position of a steel ball at regular intervals as it fell under gravity.
With the stroboscope flashing 20 times per second, the ball was released from
rest at the top of an inclined track, and left the foot of the track at P, as shown in
the diagram below.
stra igh t ram p

P
cu rv ed p a th
y
b all a t tim e t
x afte r p a ssin g P
For each of the images on the photograph, the student calculated the horizontal
distance, x, and the vertical distance, y, covered by the ball at time t after
passing P. Both distances were measured from point P. He recorded his results
for the distances x and y in the table.
image x/cm y/cm t/s (y/t)/cm s–1

1 11.6 9.3 0.05
2 22.0 21.0 0.10
3 32.4 35.0 0.15
4 44.2 51.8 0.20
5 54.8 71.0 0.25
6 66.0 92.2 0.30
(a) Using two sets of measurements from the table, calculate the horizontal
component of velocity of the ball. Give a reason for your choice of
measurements.
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(2)
(b) The student worked out that the variables y and t in the experiment could
be represented by

y
t = u + kt
where u and k are constants.
(i) Complete the table above.

(ii) Use the data in the table to plot a suitable graph to confirm the
equation.

(iii) Use your graph to find the values of u and k.
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(9)
(c) State the physical significance of
u ....................................................................................................................
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k ....................................................................................................................
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(2)
(d) Calculate the magnitude of the velocity of the ball at point P.
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(2)
(Total 15 marks)
11. (a) A man jumps from a plane that is travelling horizontally at a speed of 70 m
s–1. If air resistance can be ignored, determine
(i) his horizontal velocity 2.0 s after jumping,

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(ii) his vertical velocity 2.0 s after jumping,
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(iii) the magnitude and direction of his resultant velocity 2.0 s after
jumping.
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(5)
(b) After 2.0 s the man opens his parachute. Air resistance is no longer
negligible. Explain in terms of Newton's laws of motion, why
(i) his velocity initially decreases,
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(ii) a terminal velocity is reached.
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(4)
(Total 9 marks)
12. Athlete A, competing in a 100 m race, crosses the finish line in a time of 10.2 s.
At the start, the athlete accelerates uniformly to a top speed in 2.0 s and then
remains at a constant speed for the remainder of the race.
(a) Calculate
(i) the average speed of the athlete over the full distance,
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(ii) the maximum speed of the athlete if the acceleration were 5.4 m s–2,
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(iii) the distance travelled by the athlete whilst accelerating.
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(4)
(b) The graph is a speed time graph for athlete B in the same race.
1 2 .0
sp eed /m s – 1
1 0 .0
8 .0
6 .0
4 .0
2 .0
0
0 2 .0 4 .0 6 .0 8 .0 1 0 .0 tim e/s
Using the same axes, draw a speed time graph for athlete A.
(3)

(c) Some time after the start of the race the two athletes are running at the
same speed. Use your graph to determine
(i) the time at which this occurs,
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(ii) the distance covered by the athletes up to this time,
Athlete
A: ..................................................................................................
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Athlete
B: ..................................................................................................
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(iii) how far apart the athletes are at this time.
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(4)
(Total 11 marks)
13. (a) (i) Define acceleration.
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(ii) State why acceleration is a vector quantity.
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(2)
(b) State what feature of a velocity-time graph may be used to calculate
(i) acceleration,
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(ii) displacement.

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(2)

(c) The graph in Figure 1 shows how the displacement of a runner from a
fixed point, along a straight track, varies with time.
d isp la cem en t/m
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
tim e/s
F ig u re 1
Without calculation, sketch on the grid in Figure 2 a graph to show how the
velocity of the same runner varies over the same period. The time scales
are the same on both graphs.
v elo city /m s – 1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
tim e/s
F ig u re 2
(4)
(Total 8 marks)

14. The graph below shows how the velocity of a toy train moving in a straight line
varies over a period of time.
v/m s – 1 B C
D E H
0
A t/s
F G
(a) Describe the motion of the train in the following regions of the graph.
AB .................................................................................................................
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BC .................................................................................................................
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CD .................................................................................................................
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DE..................................................................................................................
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EF ..................................................................................................................
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(5)
(b) What feature of the graph represents the displacement of the train?
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(1)
(c) Explain, with reference to the graph, why the distance travelled by the train
is different from its displacement.
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(2)
(Total 8 marks)

15. The driver of a car sees an obstruction ahead and applies the brakes at time tb
later, bringing the car to a halt. The graph shows how the speed of the car varies
with time.
sp e ed
0
0 tb tim e
The stopping distance, s, of the car which was travelling at speed  before the
driver applied the brakes, can be represented by the equation
2
s = vtb + 2a ,
where a is the magnitude of the deceleration of the car (assumed constant).
(a) State what distance is represented by each of the terms
vtb ..................................................................................................................
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2
2a ..................................................................................................................
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(2)
(b) The table includes data on stopping distances of cars. Column C gives the
total stopping distance for a car travelling at each of the speeds shown in
column A.
column A column B column C column D

s
speed v/km h–1 speed v/m s–1 stopping distance / sec
v
s/m
32 8.9 12
48 23
64 36
80 53
96 73
112 96
(i) Complete column B,

s
(ii) In column D, calculate each of the corresponding values of v .
(2)
s 
 tb 
(c) The equation for s can be rearranged as  2a .
From the data you have calculated, plot a suitable graph on the grid
provided to verify this equation.
(One sheet of graph paper should be provided)

(5)
(d) From your graph determine the value of
(i)
tb ...........................................................................................................
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(ii) the magnitude of the deceleration, a.
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(4)
(Total 13 marks)
16. (a) A cricketer throws a ball vertically upwards so that the ball leaves his
hands at a speed of 25 m s–1. If air resistance can be neglected, calculate
(i) the maximum height reached by the ball,
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(ii) the time taken to reach maximum height,
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(iii) the speed of the ball when it is at 50% of the maximum height.
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(4)

(b) When catching the ball, the cricketer moves his hands for a short distance
in the direction of travel of the ball as it makes contact with his hands.
Explain why this technique results in less force being exerted on the
cricketer’s hands.
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(2)
(Total 6 marks)

1. accept mirror image for (a) and (b)
(a) (b)
v elo city acc elera tio n
tim e tim e
straight line sloping up (1) constant value shown (1)

sudden change to negative velocity (1)
smaller negative velocity (1)
same gradient as positive line (1) 4
(c) (i) vertically down at P (1)
(ii) vertically down at Q (1)
(iii) along tangent at P (1)
(iv) along tangent at Q (1) 4
(d) horizontal component of velocity at Q = 15 cos 50° (1) = 9.64 m s–1 (1)
momentum at Q = 0.15 × 9.64 = 1.45 (1) Ns (or kg m s–1) (horizontally)

(1) 4
[13]
2. (a) (i) acceleration (1)
(ii) both represent acceleration of free fall

[or same acceleration] (1)
(iii) height/distance ball is dropped from above the ground

[or displacement] (1)
(iv) moving in the opposite direction (1)
(v) kinetic energy is lost in the collision

[or inelastic collision] (1) 5
(b) (i) v2 = 2 × 9.81 × 1.2 (1)

v = 4.9 m s–1 (1) (4.85 m s–1)
(ii) u2 = 2 × 9.81 ×0.75 (1)

u = 3.8 m s–1 (1) (3.84 m s–1)
(iii) change in momentum = 0.15 × 3.84 – 0.15 × 4.85 (1)

= –1.3 kg m s–1 (1) (1.25 kg m s–1)

(allow C.E. from (b) (i) and (b)(ii))
1.3
(iv) F = .10
0 (1)
= 13 N (1)
(allow C.E. from (b)(iii)) 8

[13]

3. (a) scales (1)
six points correctly plotted (1)
trendline (1) 3
26
(b) average acceleration  25 (1)
 1.0(4) m s−2 (1)

(allow C.E. for incorrect values used in acceleration calculation) 2
(c) area under graph (1)

 510 ± 30 m (1) 2
(d) (graph to show force starting from y-axis)

decreasing (not a straight line) (1)
to zero (at end of graph) (1) 2
(e) (since) gradient of a velocity-time graph gives acceleration (1)

first graph shows acceleration is decreasing (1) 2
[11]
v 4 .5
a a
4. (a) (i) (use of t gives) 3600 (1)
=1.25 × 10–3 ms–2 (1)

2 2 2 –3
(ii) (use of v = u +2as gives) 0=4.5 – 2 × 1.25 ×10 × s (1)
 20.25  3
s  –3
  8.1  10 m
 2.5  10  (1) 4
(b) increasing curve (1)

correct curve (1) 2
d istan ce
tim e
(c) gradient (slope) of graph represents speed (1)

hence graph has decreasing gradient (1) 2
[8]
2 .1
5. (a) (i) gradient = 0.7 = 3.0 ms–2 (1)
(ii) distance is area under graph (to t = 0.1 s)

1  2.1  2.5 
 
or 2 × 0.7 × 2.1  2  0.3 (1) = 1.4(2) m (1) 3
(b) (i) T – mg = ma [or T = 1500(9.8+3.0)] (1)

= 1.9 × 104 N (1)
T = mg = l.5 × 104 N (1)

(ii) EF (1) 4
(c) power = F or l.5 × 104 × 2.5 (1)

= 3.7[3.8] × 104 W (1) 2
[9]
6. (a) (i) (use of F = ma gives) 1.8 × 103 = 900 a (1)

a = 2.0 m s–2 (1)
(ii) (use of v = u + at gives) v = 2.0 × 8.0 = 16 m s–1 (1)

(allow C.E. for a from (i))
(iii) (use of p = mv gives) p = 900 × 16

= 14 × 103 kg m s–1 (or N s) (1) (14.4 ×
3 –1
10 kg m s )
(allow C.E. for v from(ii))
1
(iv) (use of s = ut + ½at2 gives) s = 2 × 2.0 × 82 (1)
= 64 m (1)
(allow C.E. for a from (i))
(v) use of W = Fs gives) W = 1.8 × 103 × 64 (1)

= 1.2 × 105 J (1) (1.15 × 105 J)
(allow C.E. for s from (iv))
[or Ek = ½mv2 = ½ × 900 × 162 (1)

= 1.2 × 105 J (1)
(allow C.E. for v from (ii))] 9
(b) 2
v s
(1 ) (1 )
t t
0 0
(c) (i) decreases (1)

air resistance increases (with speed) (1)
(ii) eventually two forces are equal (in magnitude) (1)

resultant force is zero (1)

hence constant/terminal velocity (zero acceleration)
in accordance with Newton’s first law (1)
correct statement and application of Newton’s first or second law (1)

max 5
QWC 2
[16]
7. (a) (i) region A: uniform acceleration
(or (free-fall) acceleration = g( = 9.8(i) m s–2))
force acting on parachutist is entirely his weight
(or other forces are very small) (1)
(ii) region B: speed is still increasing
acceleration is decreasing (2) (any two)
because frictional (drag) forces become significant (at higher speeds)
(iii) region C: uniform speed (50 m s–1)
because resultant force on parachutist is zero (2)

(any two)
weight balanced exactly by resistive force upwards 6
(b) deceleration is gradient of the graph (at t = 13s) (1)
(e.g. 20/1 or 40/2) = 20 m s–2 (1) 2
(c) distance = area under graph (1)

suitable method used to determine area (e.g. counting squares) (1)
with a suitable scaling factor (e.g. area of each square = 5 m2) (1)
distance=335m (±15m) (1) 4
(d) (i) speed = (5.02 + 3.02) = 5.8 m s–1 (1)
3
(ii) tan  = 5 gives  = 31°(1) 2
[14]
The Quality of Written Communication marks were awarded primarily for the
quality of answers to Q3(a)
8. (a) (i) car A: travels at constant speed (1)
(ii) car B: accelerates for first 5 secs (or up to 18 m s–1) (1)

then travels at constant speed (1) 3
(b) (i) car A: distance = 5.0 × 16 (1)

= 80 m (1)
(ii) car B: (distance = area under graph)

distance = [5.0 × ½ (18 + 14)] (1)
= 80 m (1) 4
(c) car B is initially slower than car A (for first 2.5 s) (1)
distance apart therefore increases (1)
cars have same speed at 2.5 s(1)
after 2.5 s, car B travels faster than car A (or separation decreases) (1)
max 3
[10]
9. (a) (i)
P
(1)
(ii) no horizontal force acting (1)

(hence) no (horizontal) acceleration (1)
[or correct application of Newton’s First law] 3
(b) (i) (use of v2 = u2 + 2as gives) 322 = (0) + 2 × 9.81 × s (1)

1024
s = 19.62 (1) (= 52.2 m)
(ii) (use of s = ½ at2 gives) 52 = ½ 9.81 × t2 (1)

t   104 
 9.81  = 3.3 s (1) (3.26 s)
[or use of v = u + at gives 32 = (0) + 9.81 × t (1)

t  32
9.81 = 3.3 s (1) (3.26 s)]
(iii) (use of x = vt gives) x (= QR) = 95 × 3.26 (1)

= 310 m (1)
(use of t = 3.3 gives x = 313.5 m)

(allow C.E. for value of t from (ii) 6
(c) maximum height is greater (1)

because vertical acceleration is less (1)

[or longer to accelerate] 2
[11]
10. (a) suitable calculation using a pair of values of x and corresponding t

to give an average of 2.2 m s–1 ( 0.05 m s–1) (1)
valid reason given (1)
(e.g. larger values are more reliable/accurate
or use of differences eliminates zero errors) 2

(b) (i) column D (y/t (cm s–1)
186
210
233
259
284
307 all values correct to 3 s.f. (1)
(ii) graph: chosen graph gives a straight line (e.g. y/t against t) (1)
axes labelled correctly (1)
suitable scale chosen (1)
minimum of four points correctly plotted (1)
best straight line (1)
(iii) u (= y - intercept) = 162 cm s–1 ( 4 cm s–1) (1)

gradient = 495 (cm s–2) ( 25 cm s–2) (1)
k = gradient (= 495 cm s–2) (1) 9
(c) (i) u : initial vertical component of velocity (1)
(ii) k : = ½ g (1) 2
(d) v2 = u2 + 2.22 (1)

gives v = (1.622 + 2.22)1/2 = 2.7 m s–1 ( 0.1 m s –1) (1) 2
[15]
11. (a) (i) 70 m s–1 (1)
(ii) v = 9.81 × 2.0 (1)

= 20 m s–1 (1) (19.6 m s–1)
(iii) v = (702 + 19.622) = 73 m s–1 (1)

19.6
direction: tan  = 70 = 0.28
 = 15.6° (1) (±0. 10) (to horizontal) (1)
(allow C.E. for values of v from (i) and (ii))
[or use of correct scale drawing] 5
(b) (i) air resistance is greater than weight (1)

(hence) resultant force is upwards (1)
hence deceleration (Newton's second law) (1)
(ii) air resistance decreases as speed decreases (1)

weight equals air resistance (hence constant speed)
(hence) resultant force is zero (Newton's first law) (1) max 4
The Quality of Written Communication marks were awarded for the quality
of answers to this question. (2)
[9]

s 100
12. (a) (i) (v = t gives) v = 10.2 = 9.8 m s–1 (1)
(ii) (v = at gives) v = 5.4 × 2 = 11 m s–1 (10.8 m s–1)
(iii) (s = ut + ½ at2 gives) s = ½ × 5.4 × 22 (1)

= 11 m (1) (10.8 m) 4
(b)
sp ee d /m s – 1
B
12
1 0 .8 positive slope and then horizontal
A
8 (1)
initial slope correct (1)
4
horizontal line with correct
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
tim e/s value from (a)(ii) (1)
3
(c) (i) t = 2.8 s (1)
(ii) (area under graph gives)

athlete B : 15 m (1)
athlete A : 11 (1) + 8.6(4) = 20 m (1) (10.8 + 8.64 = 19.4 m)
(iii) 20 – 15 = 5.0 m (1) (19 – 15 = 4.0 m)

(allow e.c.f. from(c)(ii)) max 4
[11]
The Quality of Written Communication marks were awarded primarily for the
quality of answers to (b)(iii).
13. (a) (i) rate of change of velocity

v
[or a = t ] (1)
(ii) (acceleration) has (magnitude and) direction (1) 2
(b) (i) (acceleration) is the gradient (or slope) of the graph (1)
(ii) (displacement) is the area (under the graph) 2
v elo city
g rap h to sho w :
(lin e ar) in cre ase to t = 2 .0  0 .2 s

u n iform v elo city b etw e en 2 .0 s a n d 6 .0 s
(lin e ar) d ec rea se fro m 6 .0  0 .2 s to 8 .0 s
zero v elo city a fter t = 8 .0 s
t/s
(c) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 4
[8]

14. (a) AB: (uniform) acceleration (1)
BC: constant velocity/speed or zero acceleration (1)
CD: negative acceleration or deceleration or decreasing speed/velocity
(1)
DE: stationary or zero velocity (1)
EF ; (uniform) acceleration in opposite direction (1) 5
(b) area under the graph (1) 1
(c) distance is a scalar and thus is the total area under the graph
[or the idea that the train travels in the opposite direction] (1)
displacement is a vector and therefore the areas cancel (1) 2
[8]
15. (a) vtb: distance moved (at speed v) before brakes are applied
[or thinking/reaction distance] (1)
v2
2a : distance moved while braking [ or after applying brakes] (1) 2
(b) (i) column B: (8.9) 13.3(5) 17.8 22.2(5) 26.7 31.1(5)

(all values correct to 2 or 3 sig. figs  0.2) (1)
(ii) column D: 1.3(5) 1.72 2.02 2.39 2.73 3.08

(all values correct to 2 or 3 sig figs  0.1) (1) 2
s s
(c) graph of v against v [or v against v ] (1)
axes labelled correctly (1) (column D vs column B or A)
appropriate scales (1)
at least four points plotted correctly to 1 square (1)
acceptable straight line (1)
[note: if chosen graph gives a curve (e.g. s against v) then candidate
can only score 2nd, 3rd and 4th marks] 5
(d) (i) (intercept) tb = 0.66 s (1) (values in range 0.6 to 0.7 accepted)
2 1
(ii) gradient = (any triangle e.g. (3  1)/(30  4.5)) = 7.8  10 (s2 m )
(1)
[ other answers, if consistent with graph, acceptable]
gradient = (1/2a) (1)
2
gives a = 6.4 m s (1) (values in range 6.1 to 6.7 accepted)
(allow C.E. for value of gradient)
[if column D vs column A used, gradient = 0.022

1
use of conversion factor gives gradient = 0.078 (s2 m )]
s
2
[if graph of v against v , gradient = 12.8 m s
= 2a for first two marks] 4
[13]
16. (a) (i) (use of v2 = u2 + 2as gives) 0 = 252 - 2 × 9.81 × s (1)

19.6 s = 625 and s = 32 m (1)
25
(ii) t = 9.81 = 2.5 s (1)
(iii) (use of v2 = u2 + 2as gives) v2 = 252 – 2 × 9.81 × 16 (1)

(allow C.E. from (a)(i))
and v = 18 m s–1 (1) max 4
(b) time to stop the ball is greater (1)

 rate of change of momentum is less (1)
[or work done on ball is the same but greater distance (1)  less force (1) ]
2
[6]

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1. A ball is dropped and rebounds vertically to less than the original height.

For this first bounce only, sketch graphs of

(a) the velocity of the ball plotted against time,

(b) the acceleration of the ball plotted against time.

acc elera tio n

Mark on the diagram the directions of

(ii) the acceleration vector at Q,

(iii) the momentum vector at P,

(iv) the momentum vector at Q.

(a) (i) What does the gradient of a velocity-time graph represent?

Thornleigh Salesian College, Bolton 3

Thornleigh Salesian College, Bolton 4

(v) State why the speed at C is less than the speed at B.

(i) the speed of the ball immediately before impact,

(ii) the speed of the ball immediately after impact,

(iii) the change in momentum of the ball as a result of the impact,

Thornleigh Salesian College, Bolton 5

Thornleigh Salesian College, Bolton 6

time/ s 0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0

speed/ m 0 16.5 22.5 24.5 25.5 26.0 26.0

(a) Draw a graph of speed against time on the grid provided.

Thornleigh Salesian College, Bolton 7

resu ltan t fo rce

Thornleigh Salesian College, Bolton 8

(i) the deceleration of the tanker,

Thornleigh Salesian College, Bolton 9

(i) the initial uniform acceleration of the

(ii) the distance travelled by the mass while it is accelerating upwards.

(b) (i) Calculate the tension in the cable in the intervals

Thornleigh Salesian College, Bolton 12

(i) the acceleration of the car,

(ii) the speed of the car after 8.0 s,

(iii) the momentum of the car after 8.0 s,

Thornleigh Salesian College, Bolton 13

Thornleigh Salesian College, Bolton 14

Thornleigh Salesian College, Bolton 15

Thornleigh Salesian College, Bolton 17

(i) the resultant speed with which he hits the ground,

Thornleigh Salesian College, Bolton 19

(a) Describe the motion of each car as shown on the graph.

(i) car A: .....................................................................................................

(i) car A: ....................................

(ii) car B: .......................

Thornleigh Salesian College, Bolton 21

9. The aeroplane shown in the diagram below is travelling horizontally at 95 m

Thornleigh Salesian College, Bolton 22

Thornleigh Salesian College, Bolton 23

(iii) If R is a point on the ground directly below P, calculate the horizontal

Thornleigh Salesian College, Bolton 24

stra igh t ram p

image x/cm y/cm t/s (y/t)/cm s–1

Thornleigh Salesian College, Bolton 25

where u and k are constants.

(i) Complete the table above.

Thornleigh Salesian College, Bolton 26

Thornleigh Salesian College, Bolton 27

(c) State the physical significance of