co

a =

Vi =
O
5 Which of the following pairs of graphs shows the distance traveled versus time and the speed versus time for an
object uniformly accelerated from rest?
Distance
(A)
Speed
(B)
Distance Speed
E
t t t t
o o o o
Speed Distance Speed
Distance
(C) (D)

t t

,
t t
o o o o

LaNme
,
I I
Distance Speed
(E)

t t
o o

6 An object released from rest at time t = 0 slides down a frictionless incline a distance of 1 meter during the first
second. The distance traveled by the object during the time interval from t = 1 second to t = 2 seconds is
(A) 1 m (B) 2 m (C) 3 m (D) 4m (E) 5 m

7 Two people are in a boat that is capable of a maximum speed of 5 kilometers per hour in still water, and wish to
cross a river 1 kilometer wide to a point directly across from their starting point. If the speed of the water in
the river is 5 kilometers per hour, how much time is required for the crossing?
(A) 0.05 hr (B) 0.1 hr (C) 1 hr (D) 10 hr
(E) The point directly across from the starting point cannot be reached under these conditions.

0r
= 02 rY
-

→= OV
毞
a

8 Vectors V 1 and V 2 shown above have equal magnitudes. The vectors represent the velocities of an object at
times t 1 , and t 2 , respectively. The average acceleration of the object between time t 1 and t 2 was
(A) zero (B) directed north (C) directed west (D) directed north of east (E) directed north of west

9 A projectile is fired from the surface of the Earth with a speed of 200 meters per second at an angle of 30°
above the horizontal. If the ground is level, what is the maximum height reached by the projectile?
(A) 5 m (B) 10 m (C) 500 m (D) 1,000 m (E) 2,000 m

10 A particle moves along the x-axis with a nonconstant acceleration described by a = 12t, where a is in meters per
second squared and t is in seconds. If the particle starts from rest so that its speed v and position x are zero
when t = 0, where is it located when t = 2 seconds?
(A) x = 12 m (B) x = 16m (C) x = 24 m (D) x = 32 m (E) x = 48 m

10
6
contant
ais
7

0x = Vit + 六at

0x O + 当 ap
t ls
=

t
=
=0 -

~ ⼆⽴ a = lm .

Is
~

Ox = Vit + ⽴at

σx = ⽴a 22
t t 2S=
0 ⼆当 ax 4 4m
-
=
=

~
S
4m
≈
⼈
⼝ ⼀
~
lm 3m

t=0 -
t 3> =

=Ʃ ax 9
9
= m
0x

1 nn
9162536n ~ Λ

3579113
: : : : : :
.
8 阳
V ,

← r .

( V)
V =+
-

2 V
=
-

←
i
V2
r

⼀ σ ⑥
 ⼀
⼀

a = 12t

a =
e
v = fadt= fntde
=
6 EtC
wlent =
o U =O

O 6⑥+ C
=

C =
O
t

V =6

v =
t x =
Sudt f6 = t
'
dt

⼆ 2 tC
whent =
o x =
0 .

x 0= 2×
= 03 + C
C =O

3
x = 2t

what is x
when π= 2 ,

3 16
x= 2×
=
 dy
⼀
Q*
4t → 4 战站
,

Questions 11-12
An object moving in a straight line has a velocity v in meters per second that varies with time t in seconds according
to the following function. ←v = 4 + 0.5 t2

11 The instantaneous acceleration of the object at t = 2 seconds is

(A) 2 m/s2 (B) 4 m/s2 (C) 5 m/s2 (D) 6 m/s2 (E) 8 m/s2
fudtx
= = 4t + 塔 +c
σ
12 The displacement of the object between t = 0 and t = 6 seconds is
E O
x ( 0) 4× 6 +它 63 +
…

x (6)
⼀

(A) 22 m (B) 28 m (C) 40 m (D) 42 m (E) 60 m -

=

13 A rock is dropped from the top of a 45-meter tower, and at the same time a ball is thrown from the top of the

)
tower in a horizontal direction. Air resistance is negligible. The ball and the rock hit the level ground a

⼀
x 0
-
(4
distance of 30 meters apart. The horizontal velocity of the ball thrown was most nearly
(A) 5 m/s (B) 10 m/s (C) 14.1 m/s (D) 20 m/s (E) 28.3 m/s

6o
14 In the absence of air friction, an object dropped near the surface of the Earth experiences a constant acceleration
of about 9.8 m/s2. This means that the =

(A) speed of the object increases 9.8 m/s during each second
(B) speed of the object as it falls is 9.8 m/s
(C) object falls 9.8 meters during each second
(D) object falls 9.8 meters during the first second only
(E) derivative of the distance with respect to time for the object equals 9.8 m/s2

15 A 500-kilogram sports car accelerates uniformly from rest, reaching a speed of 30 meters per second in 6
seconds. During the 6 seconds, the car has traveled a distance of
(A) 15 m (B) 30 m (C) 60 m (D) 90 m (E) 180 m

016 At a particular instant, a stationary observer on the ground sees a package falling with speed v1 at an angle to
the vertical. To a pilot flying horizontally at constant speed relative to the ground, the package appears to be
falling vertically with a speed v2 at that instant. What is the speed of the pilot relative to the ground?

(A) v 1 + v 2 (B) v 1 – v 2 (C) v 2 – v 1 (D)

2
v1 − v 2
2
(E)
2
v1 + v 2
2
→

17 An object is shot vertically upward into the air with a positive initial velocity. Which of the following correctly
describes the velocity and acceleration of the object at its maximum elevation?

λ m
uged
Velocity Acceleration
(A) Positive Positive
(B) Zero
(C) Negative
Zero
Negative .
(D) Zero Negative v
(E) Positive Negative

∴
18 A spring-loaded gun can fire a projectile to a height h if it is fired straight up. If the same gun is pointed at an
angle of 45° from the vertical, what maximum height can now be reached by the projectile?
O
h h⑥ Vf =

川 d
(A) h/4 (B) (C) h/2 (D) (E) h

⾄
2 2 2

U. V= Ψ n
O
Vf =

Y- Vi ' 2 a0x

簿
=

a=
-

g h, 站
-g ) 号
= 11
h
=
O P 2(
ox = ?
- =

h =
 Relative Velocity =

lomls Verain wr ground .

□ ⼀

Λ
1 →
⼀
5 mls Var wr ground .

0
⼀

Verain eithvespertof carJu

%
5
mf
→
5

Utrain us Car

⼀
」
⼀

Erainur ground Venci nith

t V
, uth = -
'
car
grond
→
→
train
louls
□
禹⾜
Utnain aith
vespeat of car

Jomb
VErain us cor t Vor urgund ⼀
,
omls
2
→
lomls← Loels
禹
tran

…
Utnain ithrespeat of car

Jomb
Uerain wr guond
lomp
→

Vcar wr gwund
(
10 m 5

←
→

Venain ur ⼀
car t Vercins
cirgwand guund
Var
-

Utrain ur car
= Utuoin urguund -

Var
urg
Vtrainwrg + (- Varwrg )
→→
→
 具

⼼湾
Uboat uir waer

⿏
ermtok
⼀

bot ur water
⼀ tVu r un
bank

⼆
boae er boank .
⼀
具

.
eitinng
Tsmk Vboat wr water .

.
⼀
⼀

Ow urbank .

→mls
5
Uboat ur bank
⼀
⼀

=Uw Uboat
tobank
W wliank wwboat t⼀ ,

千mls 」

↓ 品
。
 Releaed FRQ # 1
2018 ,

2018 AP® PHYSICS C: MECHANICS FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS

PHYSICS C: MECHANICS
SECTION II
Time—45 minutes
3 Questions

Directions: Answer all three questions. The suggested time is about 15 minutes for answering each of the questions,
which are worth 15 points each. The parts within a question may not have equal weight. Show all your work in this
booklet in the spaces provided after each part.

ox = h t
vi =0 .
,

a=
g
vit +⽴ atr
ox h = =

h= t
1. A student wants to determine the value of the acceleration due to gravity g for a specific location and sets up
the following experiment. A solid sphere is held vertically a distance h above a pad by an electromagnet, as
= 瓷
shown in the figure above. The experimental equipment is designed to release the sphere when the electromagnet
is turned off. A timer also starts when the electromagnet is turned off, and the timer stops when the sphere lands
on the pad.
loowkeas .

(a) While taking the first data point, the student notices that the electromagnet actually releases the sphere after⼀

the timer begins. Would the value of g calculated from this one measurement be greater than, less than, or
equal to the actual value of g at the student’s location?
⼀

历
____ Greater than ____ Less than ____ Equal to

g 笨
Justify your answer. =
,

The electromagnet is replaced so that the timer begins when the sphere is released. The student varies the
distance h. The student measures and records the time ∆t of the fall for each particular height, resulting in the
following data table.

k ⽴gθ
h (m) 0.10 0.20 0.60 0.80 1.00
∆t (s) 0.105 0.213 0.342 0.401 0.451
Gt '( 5 ' O, O
) ts
1105 0 .0 4 0 .7 o 1b
.
1 0 .
203
“

(b) Indicate below which quantities should be graphed⼀

calculate a numerical value for g.
to yield a straight line whose slope could be used to y 此
slpe 站
裂
=
Vertical axis: ____________
3 Horizontal axis: ____________
5 =
slope
Use the remaining rows in the table above, as needed, to record any quantities that you indicated that are not
given in the table. Label each row you use and include units.
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 2018 AP® PHYSICS C: MECHANICS FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS

(c) Plot the data points for the quantities indicated in part (b) on the graph below. Clearly scale and label all
axes, including units if appropriate. Draw a straight line that best represents the data.

U( 明 n
⑩ @

0 88 )
( 018
.

㉚
1

1
1
,

0
8
.
.

.
6 @
oslye =

0
4
.
slpe =
站
9 = 2 xslope .

02
㉘
⑥

= 2×
θ
0 .

18
"⼀需需懂
0
⑥ ⽐ ∅ k Ψ →
ot ( s
2
)
0 05 o 10
. 0 15 o . .
2
o
0 . 25

(d) Using the straight line, calculate an experimental value for g.

⼀

[
Another student fits the data in the table to a quadratic equation. The student’s equation for the distance fallen y
2
as a function of time t is y = At 2 + Bt + C , where A = 5.75 m s , B = −0.524 m s , and C = +0.080 m .
Vertically down is the positive direction.
(e) Using the student’s equation above, do the following.
i. Derive an expression for the velocity of the sphere as a function of time.
ii. Calculate the new experimental value for g.

iii. Using 9.81 m s2 as the accepted value for g at this location, calculate the percent error for the value
found in part (e)ii.
iv. Assuming the sphere is at a height of 1.40 m at t = 0, calculate the velocity of the sphere just before it
strikes the pad.
5,

05
5.75
-0.

00
t+

g
t

t = 115 t -

4
.

t
5
g = a =
t = 11 . × 10
%
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