CIV3506 – Assignment 2

CONCRETE STRUCTURES
CIV3506 – Assignment 2
CIV3506 – Assignment 2

Table of Contents
1 Two-way RC Slab Design .............................................................................................................. 1
1.1 satisfy durability and 120-minute fire resistance requirements .................................................. 1
1.2 Identify slab edge conditions and most critical slab .................................................................. 1
1.3 Determine the minimum slab thickness .................................................................................... 2
1.4 Design reinforcement of the most critical slab .......................................................................... 3
2 Beam Column Section .................................................................................................................... 7
2.1 Determine squash load 𝜙𝑁𝑢𝑜 .................................................................................................. 7
2.2 Calculate 𝜙𝑁𝑢 and 𝜙𝑀𝑢 for 0.8𝑑𝑜, 0.545𝑑𝑜, 0.5𝑑𝑜, 0.2𝑑𝑜 ..................................................... 7
2.3 Beam – Column Interaction Diagram ..................................................................................... 12
2.4 Max moment considering slenderness effect........................................................................... 13
2.5 Bi-axial bending .................................................................................................................... 14
3 Prestressed Beam.......................................................................................................................... 15
3.1 Max initial prestress at transfer .............................................................................................. 15
3.2 Min effective prestress at service............................................................................................ 16
3.3 optimum initial prestress ........................................................................................................ 17
3.3.1 Jacking force ................................................................................................................... 17
3.3.2 require 7-wire ordinary strands ........................................................................................ 17
3.4 ultimate moment capacity ...................................................................................................... 17
3.5 beam upside down ................................................................................................................. 18
Learning Tools Completed .............................................................................................................. 18
CIV3506 – Assignment 2

1 Two-way RC Slab Design

Parameters
A 𝒇𝒄 ′ 40 MPa
B 𝑳 5m
C 𝑳𝟏 6m
D 𝑳𝟐 7m

1.1 satisfy durability and 120-minute fire resistance requirements

Building is an industrial building near the coast and is subject to repeated wetting and drying.
Therefore, the exposure classification is B1 (Table 4.3, AS3600-2018).
The minimum concrete strength for B1 exposure classification is 32 MPa (Table 4.4, AS3600-
2018). Therefore, the design concrete strength is satisfactory.
With a concrete strength of 40 MPa, using standard formwork and compaction and a B1 exposure
classification, the reinforcement cover required is 30 mm (Table 4.10.3.2, AS3600-2018).
The minimum effective slab thickness to satisfy fire resistance period of 120 minutes is 120 mm
(Table 5.5.1, AS3600-2018).
The minimum reinforcement cover for a continuous slab that requires a fire resistance period of
120 minutes is 20 mm (Table 4.3, AS3600-2018). However, this value will not be used as it was
established a minimum of 30 mm is required.
Exposure Classification B1
Min Concrete Strength 32 MPa
Reinforcement cover 30 mm
Min effective depth 120 mm

1.2 Identify slab edge conditions and most critical slab

The slabs identified as the most critical are the two slabs with an end-condition of 7. These two
slabs are identified as the most critical because they will have a lower k4 value and higher bending
moment coefficient which will result in the greatest deflection.

Page | 1
CIV3506 – Assignment 2

1.3 Determine the minimum slab thickness

𝐿𝑛 5000−300
Use trial depth, 𝐷 = 18 = 18
= 261 → 𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑢𝑝 𝑡𝑜 265 𝑚𝑚

𝐿𝑦 = min(6000; 5700 + 265) = 5965 𝑚𝑚

𝐿𝑥 = min(5000; 4700 + 265) = 4965 𝑚𝑚

𝐿𝑦 5965
= = 1.201
𝐿𝑥 4965
1.201 − 1
𝑘3 = 1, 𝑘4 = 2.7 + [ ] (2.3 − 2.7) = 2.3784, (𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 9.4.4.2)
1.25 − 1
𝐸𝑐 = 32 800 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑘𝑐𝑠 = 2
𝑞 = 5 𝑘𝑃𝑎 (𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔, 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 3.1, 1170.1)

𝑔 = 0.265 (24) = 6.36 𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝜑𝑠 = 0.7, 𝜑𝑙 = 0.4

Slab thickness for incremental deflection

𝐹𝑑𝑒𝑓 = 𝑔𝑘𝑐𝑠 + 𝑞(𝜑𝑠 + 𝑘𝑐𝑠 𝜑𝑙 ) = 6.36(2) + 5(0.7 + 2(0.4)) = 20.22 𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝐿𝑒𝑓 4965
𝑑= 1 = 1 = 141.01 𝑚𝑚
∆ 3 1 3
(𝐿 ) 1000𝐸𝑐 ( ) 1000(32 800)
𝑒𝑓 (1)(2.3784) [ 500 ]
𝑘3 𝑘4 [ 𝐹𝑑𝑒𝑓
] 20.22

Slab thickness for total deflection

𝐹𝑑𝑒𝑓 = 𝑔(1 + 𝑘𝑐𝑠 ) + 𝑞(𝜑𝑠 + 𝑘𝑐𝑠 𝜑𝑙 ) = 6.36(1 + 2) + 5(0.7 + 2(0.4)) = 26.58 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝐿𝑒𝑓 4965
𝑑= 1 = 1 = 122.60 𝑚𝑚
∆ 3 1 3
(𝐿 ) 1000𝐸𝑐 ( ) 1000(32 800)
𝑒𝑓 (1)(2.3784) [ 250 ]
𝑘3 𝑘4 [ 𝐹𝑑𝑒𝑓
] 26.58

Required depth
12
𝐷 = 141 + 30 + = 177 𝑚𝑚
2

Page | 2
CIV3506 – Assignment 2

1.4 Design reinforcement of the most critical slab

As our trial depth is much greater than the required depth a smaller overall depth will be used.
Using N12 bars throughout.
𝜋𝐷2 𝜋(12)2
𝐴𝑏 = = = 113.10 𝑚𝑚 2
4 4
𝐷 = 200 𝑚𝑚
𝑞 = 5 𝑘𝑃𝑎, 𝑔 = 0.2(24) = 4.8 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝐿𝑦 5900
𝐿𝑦 = 5900, 𝐿𝑥 = 4900, = = 1.204 < 2 ∴ 𝑇𝑤𝑜 − 𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏
𝐿𝑥 4900

𝛽𝑥 = 0.053, 𝛽𝑦 = 0.043, (𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 6.10.3.2(𝐴))

𝐹𝑑 = 1.2𝑔 + 1.5𝑞 = 1.2(4.8) + 1.5(5) = 13.26 𝑘𝑃𝑎

Equation to calculate required area of steel

𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑠𝑦
𝑀∗ = 𝜙 [𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑠𝑦 (𝑑 − )]
2𝛼2 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏

𝑓𝑠𝑦 (𝐴𝑠𝑡 )2 𝑀∗ 500(𝐴𝑠𝑡 )2 𝑀∗

− 𝑑 (𝐴𝑠𝑡 ) + = − 𝑑 (𝐴𝑠𝑡 ) +
2𝛼2 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏 𝜙𝑓𝑠𝑦 2(0.79)(40)(1) 0.85(500 000)
𝑀∗
7.9114(𝐴𝑠𝑡 )2 − 𝑑(𝐴𝑠𝑡 ) + =0
425(10)3

𝑀∗
𝑑 − √𝑑2 − 4(7.9114) ( )
425(10)3
𝐴𝑠𝑡 =
2(7.9114)

Primary x-direction
12
𝑑 = 200 − 30 − = 164 𝑚𝑚
6

At Midspan

+𝑀𝑥∗ = 𝛽𝑥 𝐹𝑑 𝐿2𝑥 = 0.053(13260)(4.9)2 = 16.874 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

16.874
0.164 − √0.1642 − 4(7.9114) ( )
425(10)3
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = = 244.99 𝑚𝑚 2
2 (7.9114)

At Continuous Edge
−𝑀𝑥∗ = 1.33(16.874) = 22.442 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

22.442
0.164 − √0.1642 − 4(7.9114) ( )
425(10)3
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = = 327.14 𝑚𝑚 2
2 (7.9114)

Page | 3
CIV3506 – Assignment 2

At Discontinuous Edge
−𝑀𝑥∗ = 0.5(16.874) = 8.437 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

8.437
0.164 − √0.1642 − 4(7.9114) ( )
425(10)3
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = = 121.76 𝑚𝑚 2
2 (7.9114)

Area of steel reinforcement required for minimum flexural strength

′
𝐷 2 𝑓𝑐𝑡.𝑓 200 2 0.6√40
𝐴𝑠𝑡.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑏𝑑 [0.19 ( ) ( )] = (1000)(164) [0.19 ( ) ( )] = 351.71 𝑚𝑚 2
𝑑 𝑓𝑠𝑦 164 500

Minimum area of steel reinforcement for crack control

Allow for moderate crack control in the primary x direction

𝐴𝑠𝑡.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = (0.75)(0.0035)(1000)(200) = 525 𝑚𝑚 2

Spacing of reinforcement
𝐴𝑏 113.1
𝑠 = 1000 ( ) = 1000 ( ) = 215.43 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑠𝑡.𝑚𝑖𝑛 525
𝑠 = min(𝑠; 2𝐷; 300) = min(215.43; 400; 300) = 215.43 𝑚𝑚 → 200 𝑚𝑚
𝑠 = 200 𝑚𝑚 𝑜. 𝑐

Secondary y-direction
12
𝑑 = 200 − 30 − 12 − = 152 𝑚𝑚
6

At Midspan

+𝑀𝑥∗ = 𝛽𝑦 𝐹𝑑 𝐿2𝑥 = 0.043(13260)(4.9)2 = 13.690 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

13.690
0.152 − √0.1522 − 4(7.9114) ( )
425(10)3
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = = 214.31 𝑚𝑚 2
2 (7.9114)

At Continuous Edge
−𝑀𝑥∗ = 1.33(13.690) = 18.208 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

18.208
0.152 − √0.1522 − 4(7.9114) ( )
425(10)3
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = = 286.12 𝑚𝑚 2
2 (7.9114)

Page | 4
CIV3506 – Assignment 2

At Discontinuous Edge
−𝑀𝑥∗ = 0.5(13.690) = 6.845 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

6.845
0.152 − √0.1522 − 4(7.9114) ( )
425(10)3
𝐴𝑠𝑡 = = 106.55 𝑚𝑚 2
2 (7.9114)

Area of steel reinforcement required for minimum flexural strength

′
𝐷 2 𝑓𝑐𝑡.𝑓 200 2 0.6√40
𝐴𝑠𝑡.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑏𝑑 [0.19 ( ) ( )] = (1000)(152) [0.19 ( ) ( )] = 379.47 𝑚𝑚 2
𝑑 𝑓𝑠𝑦 152 500

Minimum area of steel reinforcement for crack control

Allow for minor crack control in the secondary y direction

𝐴𝑠𝑡.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = (0.75)(0.00175)(1000)(200) = 262.5 𝑚𝑚 2

Spacing of reinforcement
𝐴𝑏 113.1
𝑠 = 1000 ( ) = 1000 ( ) = 298.05 𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑠𝑡.𝑚𝑖𝑛 379.47
𝑠 = min(𝑠; 2𝐷; 300) = min(298.05; 400; 300) = 298.05 𝑚𝑚 → 275 𝑚𝑚
𝑠 = 275 𝑚𝑚 𝑜. 𝑐

Shear contribution of concrete

𝑑𝑣 = max(0.72𝐷; 0.9𝑑) = max[0.72(200); 0.9(164)] = 147.6 𝑚𝑚
200 200
𝑘𝑣 = = = 0.1678 > 0.15
1000 + 1.3𝑑𝑣 1000 + 1.3(147.6)
∴ 𝑘𝑣 = 0.15

𝑉𝑢𝑐 = 𝑘𝑣 𝑏𝑣 𝑑𝑣 √𝑓 ′ 𝑐 = (0.15)(1000)(147.6)√40 = 140.03 𝑘𝑁

𝜙𝑉𝑢𝑐 = 0.75(140.03) = 105.02 𝑘𝑁

𝐹𝑑 𝐿𝑥 13.26(4900)
𝑉∗ = − 𝐹𝑑 𝑑 = − 13.26(164) = 30.312 𝑘𝑁
2 2

𝜙𝑉𝑢𝑐 ≫ 𝑉 ∗ ∴ 𝑁𝑜 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑

Page | 5
CIV3506 – Assignment 2

Detailing

• Primary x direction – Provide N12@200 mm centres throughout the slab

• Secondary y direction – Provide N12@275 mm centres throughout the slab
• No shear reinforcement required

Page | 6
CIV3506 – Assignment 2

2 Beam Column Section

Parameters

Serial Number: 35 Parameters

A = 35/3 r=2 𝒇𝒄 ′ 32 MPa
B = 35/4 r=3 𝒃 & 𝑫 400 mm
C = 35/5 r=0 L 5.6 m

2.1 Determine squash load 𝜙𝑁𝑢𝑜

Under pure axial stress the steel is yielding.
Using 12 N20 bars.

𝛼1 = 1 − 0.003(32) = 0.904 > 0.85

∴ 𝛼1 = 0.85
𝜙 = 0.65 (𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 2.2.2)

12𝜋202
𝑁𝑢𝑜 = 𝛼1 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝐷 + 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 = (0.85)(32)(400)(400) + ( ) (500) = 6 237.0 𝑘𝑁
3

𝜙𝑁𝑢𝑜 = 0.65(6 237) = 4 054.0 𝑘𝑁

2.2 Calculate 𝜙𝑁𝑢 and 𝜙𝑀𝑢 for 0.8𝑑𝑜 , 0.545𝑑𝑜 , 0.5𝑑𝑜 , 0.2𝑑𝑜

20
𝑑𝑜 = 400 − 25 − 10 − = 355 𝑚𝑚
2

𝛾 = 0.97 − 0.0025 (32) = 0.89

𝛼2 = 0.85 − 0.0015(32) = 0.802

Page | 7
CIV3506 – Assignment 2

For 𝒌𝒖𝒐 = 𝟎. 𝟖
𝜙 = 0.65 (𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 2.2.2)

𝑑𝑛 = 0.8𝑑𝑜 = 0.8(355) = 284 𝑚𝑚

𝛾𝑑𝑛 = 0.89(284) = 252.76 𝑚𝑚

0.003
𝜀𝑠1 = ( ) (284 − 45) = 0.00252 → 𝑓𝑠𝑦1 = 500 𝑀𝑃𝑎
284
0.003
𝜀𝑠2 = ( ) (284 − 133.33) = 0.00159 → 𝑓𝑠𝑦2 = 0.00159(200 000) = 318 𝑀𝑃𝑎
284
0.003
𝜀𝑠3 = ( ) (284 − 266.66) = 0.00018 → 𝑓𝑠𝑦3 = 0.00018(200 000) = 36 𝑀𝑃𝑎
284
0.003
𝜀𝑠4 = ( ) (284 − 355) = −0.00075 → 𝑓𝑠𝑦4 = 0.00075 (200 000) = 150 𝑀𝑃𝑎
284

𝐶 = 𝛼2 𝑓𝑐′ 𝛾𝑑𝑛 𝑏 = (0.802)(32)(0.89)(284)(400) = 2 594.7 𝑘𝑁

4𝜋202
𝐹𝑠1 = 𝐴𝑆1 𝑓𝑠𝑦1 =( ) (500) = 628.32 𝑘𝑁
4

2𝜋202
𝐹𝑠2 = 𝐴𝑆2 𝑓𝑠𝑦2 = ( ) (318) = 199.81 𝑘𝑁
4

2𝜋202
𝐹𝑠3 = 𝐴𝑆3 𝑓𝑠𝑦3 = ( ) (36) = 22.619 𝑘𝑁
4

4𝜋202
𝐹𝑠4 = 𝐴𝑆4 𝑓𝑠𝑦4 = ( ) (150) = 188.50 𝑘𝑁
4

𝑁𝑢 = (2 594.7 + 628.32 + 199.81 + 22.619 − 188.5) = 3256.9

𝜙𝑁𝑢 = 0.65(3256.9) = 2 117.0 𝑘𝑁

400 252.76 400 400

𝜙𝑀𝑢 = 0.65 [2 594.7 ( − ) + 628.32 ( − 45) + 199.81 ( − 133.33)
2 2 2 2
400 400
− 22.619 ( − 133.33) + 188.5 ( − 45)]
2 2
𝜙𝑀𝑢 = 214.14 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ↺

Page | 8
CIV3506 – Assignment 2

For 𝒌𝒖𝒐 = 𝒌𝒖𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟒𝟓

𝜙 = 0.65 (𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 2.2.2)

𝑑𝑛 = 0.545𝑑𝑜 = 0.545(355) = 193.48 𝑚𝑚

𝛾𝑑𝑛 = 0.89(193.48) = 172.19 𝑚𝑚

0.003
𝜀𝑠1 = ( ) (193.48 − 45) = 0.00230 → 𝑓𝑠𝑦1 = 0.0023 (200 000) = 460 𝑀𝑃𝑎
193.48
0.003
𝜀𝑠2 = ( ) (193.48 − 133.33) = 0.00093 → 𝑓𝑠𝑦2 = 0.00093 (200 000) = 186 𝑀𝑃𝑎
193.48
0.003
𝜀𝑠3 = ( ) (193.48 − 266.66) = −0.00113 → 𝑓𝑠𝑦3 = 0.00113 (200 000) = 226 𝑀𝑃𝑎
193.48
0.003
𝜀𝑠4 = ( ) (193.48 − 355) = −0.00250 → 𝑓𝑠𝑦4 = 500 𝑀𝑃𝑎
193.48

𝐶 = 𝛼2 𝑓𝑐′ 𝛾𝑑𝑛 𝑏 = (0.802)(32)(0.89)(193.48)(400) = 1 767.7 𝑘𝑁

4𝜋202
𝐹𝑠1 = 𝐴𝑆1 𝑓𝑠𝑦1 =( ) (460) = 578.05 𝑘𝑁
4

2𝜋202
𝐹𝑠2 = 𝐴𝑆2 𝑓𝑠𝑦2 = ( ) (186) = 116.87 𝑘𝑁
4

2𝜋202
𝐹𝑠3 = 𝐴𝑆3 𝑓𝑠𝑦3 = ( ) (226) = 142.00 𝑘𝑁
4

4𝜋202
𝐹𝑠4 = 𝐴𝑆4 𝑓𝑠𝑦4 = ( ) (500) = 628.32 𝑘𝑁
4

𝑁𝑢𝑏 = 1 767.7 + 578.05 + 116.87 − 142 − 628.32 = 1 692.3

𝜙𝑁𝑢𝑏 = 0.65(1 692.3) = 1 100.0 𝑘𝑁

400 172.19 400 400

𝜙𝑀𝑢𝑏 = 0.65 [1 767.7 ( − ) + 578.05 ( − 45) + 116.87 ( − 133.33)
2 2 2 2
400 400
+ 142 ( − 133.33) + 628.32 ( − 45)]
2 2
𝜙𝑀𝑢𝑏 = 263.64 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ↺

Page | 9
CIV3506 – Assignment 2

For 𝒌𝒖𝒐 = 𝟎. 𝟒
𝑑𝑛 = 0.4𝑑𝑜 = 0.4(355) = 142 𝑚𝑚

𝛾𝑑𝑛 = 0.89(142) = 126.38 𝑚𝑚

0.003
𝜀𝑠1 = ( ) (142 − 45) = 0.00205 → 𝑓𝑠𝑦1 = 0.00205 (200 000) = 410 𝑀𝑃𝑎
142
0.003
𝜀𝑠2 = ( ) (142 − 133.33) = 0.00018 → 𝑓𝑠𝑦2 = 0.00018 (200 000) = 36 𝑀𝑃𝑎
142
0.003
𝜀𝑠3 = ( ) (142 − 266.66) = −0.00263 → 𝑓𝑠𝑦3 = 500 𝑀𝑃𝑎
142
0.003
𝜀𝑠4 = ( ) (142 − 355) = −0.00450 → 𝑓𝑠𝑦4 = 500 𝑀𝑃𝑎
142

𝐶 = 𝛼2 𝑓𝑐′ 𝛾𝑑𝑛 𝑏 = (0.802)(32)(0.89)(142)(400) = 1 297.4 𝑘𝑁

4𝜋202
𝐹𝑠1 = 𝐴𝑆1 𝑓𝑠𝑦1 = ( ) (410) = 515.22 𝑘𝑁
4

2𝜋202
𝐹𝑠2 = 𝐴𝑆2 𝑓𝑠𝑦2 = ( ) (36) = 22.619 𝑘𝑁
4

2𝜋202
𝐹𝑠3 = 𝐴𝑆3 𝑓𝑠𝑦3 =( ) (500) = 314.16 𝑘𝑁
4

4𝜋202
𝐹𝑠4 = 𝐴𝑆4 𝑓𝑠𝑦4 = ( ) (500) = 628.32 𝑘𝑁
4

𝑁𝑢 = 1 297.4 + 515.22 + 22.619 − 314.16 − 628.32 = 892.76 𝑘𝑁

13(0.4)
𝜙𝑏 = 1.24 − = 0.80667
12
892.76
𝜙 = 0.65 + [(0.80667 − 0.65) (1 − ) = 0.724
1 692.3
𝜙𝑁𝑢 = 0.724(892.76) = 646.36 𝑘𝑁

400 126.38 400 400

𝜙𝑀𝑢 = 0.724 [1 297.4 ( − ) + 515.22 ( − 45) + 22.619 ( − 133.33)
2 2 2 2
400 400
+ 314.16 ( − 133.33) + 628.32 ( − 45)]
2 2
𝜙𝑀𝑢 = 273.09 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ↺

Page | 10
CIV3506 – Assignment 2

For 𝒌𝒖𝒐 = 𝟎. 𝟐
𝑑𝑛 = 0.2𝑑𝑜 = 0.2(355) = 71 𝑚𝑚

𝛾𝑑𝑛 = 0.89(71) = 63.19 𝑚𝑚

0.003
𝜀𝑠1 = ( ) (71 − 45) = 0.00110 → 𝑓𝑠𝑦1 = 0.00110 (200 000) = 220 𝑀𝑃𝑎
71
0.003
𝜀𝑠2 = ( ) (71 − 133.33) = −0.00263 → 𝑓𝑠𝑦2 = 500 𝑀𝑃𝑎
71
0.003
𝜀𝑠3 = ( ) (71 − 266.66) = −0.00827 → 𝑓𝑠𝑦3 = 500 𝑀𝑃𝑎
71
0.003
𝜀𝑠4 = ( ) (71 − 355) = −0.012 → 𝑓𝑠𝑦4 = 500 𝑀𝑃𝑎
71

𝐶 = 𝛼2 𝑓𝑐′ 𝛾𝑑𝑛 𝑏 = (0.802)(32)(0.89)(71)(400) = 648.68 𝑘𝑁

4𝜋202
𝐹𝑠1 = 𝐴𝑆1 𝑓𝑠𝑦1 = ( ) (220) = 276.46 𝑘𝑁
4

2𝜋202
𝐹𝑠2 = 𝐴𝑆2 𝑓𝑠𝑦2 = ( ) (500) = 314.16 𝑘𝑁
4

2𝜋202
𝐹𝑠3 = 𝐴𝑆3 𝑓𝑠𝑦3 =( ) (500) = 314.16 𝑘𝑁
4

4𝜋202
𝐹𝑠4 = 𝐴𝑆4 𝑓𝑠𝑦4 = ( ) (500) = 628.32 𝑘𝑁
4

𝑁𝑢 = 648.68 + 276.46 − 314.16 − 314.16 − 628.32 = −331.5 𝑘𝑁

13(0.2)
𝜙𝑏 = 1.24 − = 1.0233 > 0.85 → ∴ 𝜙𝑏 = 0.85
12
−331.5
𝜙 = 0.65 + [(0.85 − 0.65) (1 − ) = 0.889
1 692.3
𝜙𝑁𝑢 = 0.889(−331.5) = −294.70 𝑘𝑁

400 63.19 400 400

𝜙𝑀𝑢 = 0.889 [648.68 ( − ) − 276.46 ( − 45) + 314.16 ( − 133.33)
2 2 2 2
400 400
+ 314.16 ( − 133.33) + 628.32 ( − 45)]
2 2
𝜙𝑀𝑢 = 182.84 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ↺

Page | 11
CIV3506 – Assignment 2

2.3 Beam – Column Interaction Diagram

Summary of results
𝒌𝒖𝒐 ∞ 0.8 0.545 0.4 0.2
𝒅𝒏 (𝒎𝒎) --- 284 193.48 142 71
𝜺𝒔𝟏 --- 0.00252 0.00230 0.00205 0.00110
𝜺𝒔𝟐 --- 0.00159 0.00093 0.00018 0.00263
𝜺𝒔𝟑 --- 0.00018 0.00113 0.00263 0.00827
𝜺𝒔𝟒 --- 0.00075 0.00250 0.00450 0.01200
𝑪 (𝒌𝑵) --- 2594.7 1767.7 1297.4 648.68
𝑭𝒔𝟏 (𝒌𝑵) --- 628.32 578.05 515.22 276.46
𝑭𝒔𝟐 (𝒌𝑵) --- 199381 116.87 22.619 314.16
𝑭𝒔𝟑 (𝒌𝑵) --- 22.619 142.00 314.16 314.16
𝑭𝒔𝟒 (𝒌𝑵) --- 188.50 628.32 628.32 628.32
𝑵𝒖 (𝒌𝑵) 6237 3256.9 1692.3 892.76 -331.50
𝑴𝒖 (𝒌𝑵. 𝒎) 0 329.45 405.60 377.20 205.67
𝝓 --- 0.65 0.65 0.724 0.889
𝝓𝑵𝒖 (𝒌𝑵) 4054 2117.0 1100.0 646.36 -294.70
𝝓𝑴𝒖 (𝒌𝑵. 𝒎) 0 214.12 263.64 273.09 182.84

𝑀𝑖𝑛 𝐸𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝜙𝑁𝑢𝑜 (0.05𝐷) = 0.65(6237)(0.05)(400) = 0.65(124 740) = 81.1 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

Page | 12
CIV3506 – Assignment 2

2.4 Max moment considering slenderness effect

𝐿 = 5.6 𝑚

𝑁 ∗ = 0.40𝜙𝑁𝑢𝑜 = 0.4(4 054.0) = 1 621.6 𝑘𝑁

𝐺
𝛽𝑑 = = 0.35
𝐺+𝑄
∅𝑀𝑐 = ∅𝑀𝑢𝑏 = 263.64 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝐿𝑒 = 𝑘𝐿𝑢 = 0.7(5.6) = 3.92 𝑚

𝑟 = 0.3𝐷 = 0.3(0.4) = 0.12 𝑚

𝐿𝑒 3.92
= = 32.67 > 25 ∴ 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟
𝑟 0.12

At 𝑁 ∗ = 1 621.6 𝑘𝑁
𝑀∗ ≈ 240 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
𝜋2 ∅𝑀𝑐 𝜋2 263640
𝑁𝑐 = ( 2 ) [182𝑑 𝑜 ( )] = ( 2
) [182(0.355) ( )] = 8 104.1 𝑘𝑁
𝐿𝑒 1 + 𝛽𝑑 3.92 1 + 0.35

𝑀1∗ 0.7
𝑘𝑚 = 0.6 − 0.4 ( ∗ ) = 0.6 − 0.4 (− ) = 0.88
𝑀2 1
𝑘𝑚 0.88
𝛿𝑏 = ∗ = = 1.1
𝑁 1621.6
1 − (𝑁 ) 1 − ( )
𝑐 8104.1
240
∗
∴ 𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑀2∗ = = 218.18 𝑘𝑁
1.1

Page | 13
CIV3506 – Assignment 2

2.5 Bi-axial bending

𝑁 ∗ = 0.6𝜙𝑁𝑢𝑜 = 0.6(4054) = 2432.4 𝑘𝑁

Interaction Diagram (Factored)

5000

4000

3000
𝜙Nu (kN)

2000 Design Region

Min Eccentricity
1000
N
0

-1000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
𝜙𝑀u (kN.m)

∅𝑀𝑢𝑥 = ∅𝑀𝑢𝑦 ≈ 180 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

𝑀𝑥∗ = 𝑀𝑦∗ = 0.7(∅𝑀𝑢𝑏 ) = 0.7(263.64) = 184.55 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

𝑁∗ 2432.4
𝛼𝑛 = 0.7 + 1.7 ( ) = 0.7 + 1.7 ( ) = 1.72
𝜙𝑁𝑢𝑜 4054
𝛼𝑛
𝑀𝑥∗ 𝛼𝑛 𝑀𝑦∗ 184.55 1.72 184.55 1.72
( ) +( ) =( ) +( ) = 2.0877 > 1.0
∅𝑀𝑢𝑥 ∅𝑀𝑢𝑦 180 180

This column is not adequate for bi-axial bending. Possible ways to rectify this issue include:

• Reduce the bending moments on the minor and major axes

• Reduce the axial force
• Change the design of the beam (change dimensions, add more reinforcement)

Page | 14
CIV3506 – Assignment 2

3 Prestressed Beam
Serial Number: 35 Parameters
A = 35/3 r=2 𝒇𝒄 ′ 65 MPa
B = 35/4 r=3 𝑳 20 m
C = 35/5 r=0 𝒈 3.8 kN/m
C = 35/5 r=0 𝒒 16.0 kN/m
D = 35/6 r=5 𝒆 375 mm

∑𝐴𝑖 𝑦𝑖 (250)(400)(875) + (150)(475)(512.5) + (275)(450)(137.5)

𝑦𝑏 = = = 478.07 𝑚𝑚
∑𝐴𝑖 (250)(400) + (150)(475) + (275)(450)

𝑦𝑡 = 1000 − 478.07 = 521.93 𝑚𝑚

𝑏ℎ 3 2
(400)(250)3 2
(150)(475)3
𝐼 = ∑( + 𝐴𝑖 𝑑𝑖 ) = ( )( )( )
+ 400 250 396.93 +
12 12 12

(450)(275)3
+(150)(475)(34.428) 2 + + (450)(275)(340.57)2
12
𝐼 = 32.834 (10)9 𝑚𝑚 4

𝐴𝑔 = (400)(250) + (150)(475) + (275)(450) = 295(10)3 𝑚𝑚 2

𝐹𝑔 = (24)(295)(10)−3 = 7.08 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

𝑤𝐿2 (7.08)(20)2
𝑀𝑔 = = = 354 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
8 8
𝑤𝐿2 (7.08 + 3.8 + 16)(202 )
𝑀𝑇 = = = 1 344 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
8 8

3.1 Max initial prestress at transfer

′
𝑓𝑐𝑝 = 0.8𝑓𝑐′ = 0.8(65) = 52 𝑀𝑃𝑎

′
𝜎𝑡𝑝 = 0.25 √𝑓𝐶𝑝 = 0.25(√52) = 1.8028 𝑀𝑃𝑎

′
𝜎𝑐𝑝 = 0.5𝑓𝑐𝑝 = 0.5(52) = 26 𝑀𝑃𝑎

At top of beam

𝑀𝑔 𝑦𝑡 −1.8028(10)6 − (354)(521.93)
𝜎𝑡𝑝 −𝐼 = 32.834(10)−3
𝑃𝑖 ≤
1 𝑒𝑦𝑡 1 (0.375)(521.93)
𝐴− 𝐼 0.295 − 32.834
𝑃𝑖 ≤ 2 889.7 𝑘𝑁

Page | 15
CIV3506 – Assignment 2

At Bottom of beam

𝑀𝑔 𝑦𝑏 26(10)6 + (354)(478.07)
𝜎𝑐𝑝 + 𝐼 = 32.834(10)−3
𝑃𝑖 ≤
1 𝑒𝑦𝑏 1 (0.375)(487.07)
+
𝐴 𝐼 0.295 − 32.834
𝑃𝑖 ≤ 3 520.3 𝑘𝑁

Therefore, the maximum initial prestress at transfer at the mid span is 2 889.7 𝑘𝑁

3.2 Min effective prestress at service

𝜎𝑡 = 0.25√𝑓𝑐′ = 0.25√65 = 2.0156 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝜎𝑐 = 0.45𝑓𝑐′ = 0.45(65) = 29.25 𝑀𝑃𝑎

At top of beam

𝑀𝑇 𝑦𝑡 29.25(10)6 − (1344)(521.93)
𝜎𝑐 − 32.834(10)−3
𝑃𝑒 ≥ 𝐼 =
1 𝑒𝑦𝑡 1 (0.375)(521.93)
𝐴− 𝐼 0.295 − 32.834
𝑃𝑒 ≥ −3 067.0 𝑘𝑁

At bottom of beam

𝑀 𝑦 6 (1344)(478.07)
𝜎𝑡 + 𝑇𝐼 𝑏 −2.0156 (10) + 32.834(10)−3
𝑃𝑒 ≥ =
1 𝑒𝑦𝑏 1 (0.375)(478.07)
+
𝐴 𝐼 0.295 + 32.834
𝑃𝑒 ≥ 1 983.4 𝑘𝑁

Therefore, the minimum effective prestress required at mid span when beam is fully loaded at
service is 1 983.4 𝑘𝑁

Page | 16
CIV3506 – Assignment 2

3.3 optimum initial prestress

𝑃𝑒 1 983.4
𝑃𝑖 ≥ = = 2 203.8 𝑘𝑁
1 − 10% 1 − 0.1

2 203.8 ≤ 𝑃𝑖 ≤ 2 889.7 𝑘𝑁

The optimal initial prestress that can be applied at the mid span is in between 2203.8 kN and
2889.7 kN.

3.3.1 Jacking force

Assume 𝑃𝑖 = 2500 𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑖 2500
𝑃𝑗 = = = 2631.6 𝑘𝑁
1 − 5% 0.95

Check for crushing

𝑃𝑗 2631.6(10)3
= = 8.92 𝑀𝑃𝑎 < 26 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐴 295(10)−3
∴ 𝑁𝑜 𝑐𝑟𝑢𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔

3.3.2 require 7-wire ordinary strands

𝐵𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 184 𝑘𝑁 (Table 3.3.1)
2631.6
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑠 = = 20.4
0.7(184)
Therefore 21 tendons are required for a jacking force of 2631.6 𝑘𝑁

3.4 ultimate moment capacity

Assume 𝛾𝑑𝑛 ≤ 𝑡𝑓

𝑑 = 1000 − (478.07 − 375) = 896.93 𝑚𝑚

𝛼2 = 0.85 − 0.0015(65) = 0.7525

𝛾 = 0.97 − 0.0025 (65) = 0.8075

𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑦 = 𝛼2 𝑓𝑐′ 𝛾𝑑𝑛 𝑏

(21)(0.82)(184) = (0.7525)(65)(𝛾𝑑𝑛 )(400)

𝛾𝑑𝑛 = 161.95 𝑚𝑚

Page | 17
CIV3506 – Assignment 2

𝛾𝑑𝑛 161.95
𝑘𝑢 = = = 0.224 < 0.36
𝛾𝑑 (0.8075)(896.93)

Assumptions are satisfied, Design as rectangular beam

𝛾𝑑𝑛 0.16195
∅𝑀𝑢 = ∅𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑠 (𝑑 − ) = (0.85)(21)(0.82)(184) (0.89693 − ) = 2 197.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
2 2

𝐹𝑑𝑒𝑠 = 1.2(7.08 + 3.8) + 1.5(16) = 37.065 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

∗
𝑤𝐿2 37.065(20)2
𝑀 = == = 1 853.2 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 < 2 197.5 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
8 8

The moment capacity is greater than the maximum moment in the beam and therefore the strength
requirement is satisfied.

3.5 beam upside down

At transfer
𝑃𝑖 𝑃𝑖 𝑒𝑦𝑡 𝑀𝑔 𝑦𝑡 2500 2500(375)(521.93) 354 (521.93)
𝜎𝑡𝑜𝑝 = + + = + + = 20.530 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐴 𝐼 𝐼 295 32.834 32.834(10)−3
𝑃𝑖 𝑃𝑖 𝑒𝑦𝑏 𝑀𝑔 𝑦𝑏 2500 2500(375)(478.07) 354 (478.07)
𝜎𝑏𝑜𝑡 = − − = − − = −18.805 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐴 𝐼 𝐼 295 32.834 32.834(10)−3

Maximum concrete stress limits will be exceeded, and the beam could fail.

Learning Tools Completed

Topic Date Completed
8 21/04/22
9 22/04/22
10 03/05/22
11 11/05/22
Guest Lecture N/A

Page | 18