c-reactive protein (CRP)

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Dr. Baha Aljaberi

Aim: Purpose To detect inflammation

Introduction:
Agglutination Test is a clinical assay used for the detection of
Antibody or Antigen in body fluids such as saliva, urine,
cerebrospinal fluid, or blood. In agglutination test antibodies react
with antigens on cells and form visible clumps or aggregates which
is called agglutinates. We can see these clumping in naked eyes.
The antibodies are involved in the formation of clumping in the
Agglutination Test is known as agglutinins. This agglutination test is
specific, hence the antigen combines only with its homologous
antibody and form an antigen-antibody complex or clumps.
A C-reactive protein (CRP) test determines the amount of CRP in a
blood sample. CRP is a protein produced by the liver. Normally, the
blood contains low levels of C-reactive protein. The liver releases
more CRP into the bloodstream if the body is inflamed. High CRP
levels may indicate a serious health condition that causes
inflammation. A CRP test can determine whether or not there is
inflammation in the body. However, the test cannot tell you what is
causing the inflammation or which part of your body is inflamed. As
a result, the CRP test is extremely nonspecific. CRP levels can rise
in a variety of inflammatory conditions
What is it used for? A CRP test may be used to help find or monitor
inflammation in acute or chronic conditions, including: 1) Infections
from bacteria or viruses) Inflammatory bowel disease, disorders of
the intestines that include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis 3)
Autoimmune disorders, such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis 4) Lung
diseases, such as asthma
Apparatus and reagents
1) CRP-latex reagent. 2) Glass slide or black card slide. 3) Sticks. 4) Serum
sample . 6) Serologic pipette

methods:
First, the reagent and serum were brought, and 40ul of the patient's blood serum,
a drop of a positive control, and a drop of a negative control were placed in
separate circles on the slide. They were stirred in a circular motion using sticks,
and the slide was tilted slowly for two minutes. After confirming the effectiveness
of the kit, test tubes, saline solution, and serum were brought to perform the
dilution. 50 microliters of saline solution (0.9%) was placed in all tubes, and 50
microliters of serum was added to the first tube, then 40 microliters were taken.
From the second tube and put it in the second tube, mixing well, and so on for the
last tube as follows: 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, 1:32, 1:64, 1:128...., 40 microliters were
taken from the last tube and placed in a side tube.
After performing serial dilutions, 40 microliters were taken from each tube using a
micropipette and placed on the slide in separate circles. One drop of reagent was
placed, stirred in a circular motion using a stick, and the slide was moved in a
circular motion for two minutes. The agglutination in each circle was observed.
Continue until the circle appears clean and without agglutination .

results:

dilution result of tube

1/2 positive

1/4 positive

1/8 positive

1/16 positive

1/32 positive

1/64 positive

1/128 negative

6*64 = 384mg/L

CRP : 384 mg/L (positive)

discussion:
In this experiment, when we put Latex detergent to the sample, we noticed that
slight agglutination occurred. This indicates that the sample is positive result. To
find out the CRP percentage, we repeated the steps until we reached a negative
result at number 7. We calculated the CRP concentration and it was 384 mg/l.
This means that there is a large and severe inflammation in the body due to the
high CRP that It indicates the presence of inflammation in the body. Some of my
colleagues did an ASO test for the same sample and the result was positive. This
indicated to us that the patient was suffering from a bacterial infection in the
tonsils by streptococcus pyogenes

conclusion:
In conclusion of this experiment, based on the positive results of the C-reactive
protein (CRP) test and the positive Anti-Streptolysin O (ASO) test indicating
bacterial inflammation in the tonsils, it is evident that the patient is experiencing a
high level of inflammation. This underscores the necessity for meticulous
monitoring of the individual's health condition and the implementation of
appropriate medical and therapeutic measures. Consulting a healthcare
professional is advisable to comprehensively evaluate the situation and
determine suitable treatments to aid in improving the individual's health and
alleviating.

References: medlineplus.gov

sciencedirect.com