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- Wikipedia

John D. Rockefeller Jr.

John Davison Rockefeller Jr. (January 29, 1874 – May 11, 1960) was an American financier and
philanthropist. Rockefeller was the only son of Standard Oil co-founder John D. Rockefeller. He
was involved in the development of the vast office complex in Midtown Manhattan known as
Rockefeller Center, making him one of the largest real estate holders in the city. Towards the end
of his life, he was famous for his philanthropy, donating over $500 million to a wide variety of
different causes, including educational establishments. Among his projects was the
reconstruction of Colonial Williamsburg in Virginia. He was widely blamed for having
orchestrated the Ludlow Massacre and other offenses during the Colorado Coalfield War.[2][3]
Rockefeller was the father of six children: Abby, John III, Nelson, Laurance, Winthrop, and David.

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John D. Rockefeller Jr.

Rockefeller in 1920

Born John Davison Rockefeller Jr.

January 29, 1874[1]
Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.

Died May 11, 1960 (aged 86)[1]

Tucson, Arizona, U.S.

Alma mater Brown University (BA)

Occupations Financier · philanthropist

Spouses Abigail Greene Aldrich

​
​(m. 1901; died 1948)​
Martha Baird ​(m. 1951)​

Children Abigail · John III · Nelson · Laurance · Winthrop ·

David

Parent(s) John Davison Rockefeller Sr.

Laura Celestia Spelman

Relatives Rockefeller family

Awards Public Welfare Medal (1943)

Early life

Rockefeller was the fifth and last child of Standard Oil co-founder John Davison Rockefeller Sr.
and schoolteacher Laura Celestia "Cettie" Spelman. His four older sisters were Elizabeth (Bessie),
Alice (who died an infant), Alta, and Edith. Living in his father's mansion at 4 West 54th Street, he

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attended Park Avenue Baptist Church at 64th Street (now Central Presbyterian Church) and the
Browning School, a tutorial establishment set up for him and other children of associates of the
family; it was located in a brownstone owned by the Rockefellers, on West 55th Street. His father
John Sr. and uncle William A. Rockefeller Jr. co-founded Standard Oil together.

Initially, he had intended to go to Yale University but was encouraged by William Rainey Harper,
president of the University of Chicago, among others, to enter the Baptist-oriented Brown
University instead. Nicknamed "Johnny Rock" by his roommates, he joined both the Glee and the
Mandolin clubs, taught a Bible class, and was elected junior class president. Scrupulously careful
with money, he stood out as different from other rich men's sons.[4]

In 1897, he graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, after taking nearly a dozen courses in
the social sciences, including a study of Karl Marx's Das Kapital. He joined the Alpha Delta Phi
fraternity and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa.

Business career

John D. Rockefeller Jr. in 1920

After graduation from Brown, Rockefeller joined his father's business in October 1897, setting up
operations in the newly formed family office at 26 Broadway where he became a director of
Standard Oil. He later also became a director at J. P. Morgan's U.S. Steel company, which had
been formed in 1901. Junior resigned from both companies in 1910 in an attempt to "purify" his
ongoing philanthropy from commercial and financial interests after the Hearst media empire
unearthed a bribery scandal involving John Dustin Archbold (the successor to Senior as head of
Standard Oil) and two prominent members of Congress.[5]

In September 1913, the United Mine Workers of America declared a strike against the Colorado
Fuel and Iron (CF&I) company in what would become the Colorado Coalfield War. Junior owned a
controlling interest in CF&I (40% of its stock) and sat on the board as an absentee director.[6] In

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April 1914, after a long period of industrial unrest, the Ludlow Massacre occurred at a tent camp
occupied by striking miners. At least 20 men, women, and children died in the slaughter. This was
followed by nine days of violence between miners and the Colorado National Guard. Although
he did not order the attack that began this unrest, there are accounts to suggest Junior was
mostly to blame for the violence, with the awful working conditions, death ratio, and no paid
dead work which included securing unstable ceilings, workers were forced into working in unsafe
conditions just to make ends meet. In January 1915, Junior was called to testify before the
Commission on Industrial Relations. Many critics blamed Rockefeller for ordering the massacre.[7]
Margaret Sanger wrote an attack piece in her magazine The Woman Rebel, declaring, "But
remember Ludlow! Remember the men and women and children who were sacrificed in order
that John D. Rockefeller Jr., might continue his noble career of charity and philanthropy as a
supporter of the Christian faith."[8][9]

He was at the time being advised by William Lyon Mackenzie King and the pioneer public
relations expert, Ivy Lee. Lee warned that the Rockefellers were losing public support and
developed a strategy that Junior followed to repair it. It was necessary for Junior to overcome his
shyness, go personally to Colorado to meet with the miners and their families, inspect the
conditions of the homes and the factories, attend social events, and especially to listen closely to
the grievances. This was novel advice and attracted widespread media attention, which opened
the way to resolve the conflict, and present a more humanized version of the Rockefellers.[10]
Mackenzie King said Rockefeller's testimony was the turning point in Junior's life, restoring the
reputation of the family name; it also heralded a new era of industrial relations in the country.[11]

Time cover, 19 Jan 1925

During the Great Depression, he was involved in the financing, development, and construction of
the Rockefeller Center, a vast office complex in midtown Manhattan, and as a result, became one
of the largest real estate holders in New York City. He was influential in attracting leading blue-
chip corporations as tenants in the complex, including GE and its then affiliates RCA, NBC and

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RKO, as well as Standard Oil of New Jersey (now ExxonMobil), Associated Press, Time Inc, and
branches of Chase National Bank (now JP Morgan Chase).

The family office, of which he was in charge, shifted from 26 Broadway to the 56th floor of the
landmark 30 Rockefeller Plaza upon its completion in 1933. The office formally became
"Rockefeller Family and Associates" (and informally, "Room 5600").

In 1921, Junior received about 10% of the shares of the Equitable Trust Company from his father,
making him the bank's largest shareholder. Subsequently, in 1930, Equitable merged with Chase
National Bank, making Chase the largest bank in the world at the time. Although his
stockholding was reduced to about 4% following this merger, he was still the largest shareholder
in what became known as "the Rockefeller bank". As late as the 1960s, the family still retained
about 1% of the bank's shares, by which time his son David had become the bank's president.[12]

In the late 1920s, Rockefeller founded the Dunbar National Bank in Harlem. The financial
institution was located within the Paul Laurence Dunbar Apartments at 2824 Eighth Avenue near
150th Street, servicing a primarily African-American clientele. It was unique among New York City
financial institutions in that it employed African Americans as tellers, clerks and bookkeepers as
well as in key management positions. However, the bank folded after only a few years of
operation.[13][14][15]

Philanthropy and social causes

In a celebrated letter to Nicholas Murray Butler in June 1932, subsequently printed on the front
page of The New York Times, Rockefeller, a lifelong teetotaler, argued against the continuation of
the Eighteenth Amendment on the principal grounds of an increase in disrespect for the law. This
letter became an important event in pushing the nation to repeal Prohibition.[16]

Rockefeller was known for his philanthropy, giving over $537 million[17] to myriad causes over his
lifetime[18] compared to $240 million to his own family.[19] He created the Sealantic Fund in 1938
to channel gifts to his favorite causes; previously his main philanthropic organization had been
the Davison Fund. He had become the Rockefeller Foundation's inaugural president in May 1913
and proceeded to dramatically expand the scope of this institution, founded by his father. Later
he would become involved in other organizations set up by Senior: Rockefeller University and the
International Education Board.

In the social sciences, he founded the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial in 1918, which was
subsequently folded into the Rockefeller Foundation in 1929.[20] A committed internationalist, he
financially supported programs of the League of Nations and crucially funded the formation and
ongoing expenses of the Council on Foreign Relations and its initial headquarters building in
New York in 1921.[21]

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He established the Bureau of Social Hygiene in 1913, a major initiative that investigated such
social issues as prostitution and venereal disease, as well as studies in police administration and
support for birth control clinics and research. In 1924, at the instigation of his wife, he provided
crucial funding for Margaret Sanger–who had previously been a personal opponent to him due
to his treatment of workers–in her work on birth control and involvement in population issues.[22]
He donated $5000 to her American Birth Control League in 1924 and a second time in 1925.[23]

John D. Rockefeller Jr., financier

In the arts, he gave extensive property he owned on West 54th Street in Manhattan for the site of
the Museum of Modern Art, which had been co-founded by his wife in 1929.

In 1925, he purchased the George Grey Barnard collection of medieval art and cloister fragments
for the Metropolitan Museum of Art. He also purchased land north of the original site, now Fort
Tryon Park, for a new building, The Cloisters.[24][25]

In November 1926, Rockefeller came to the College of William and Mary for the dedication of an
auditorium built-in memory of the organizers of Phi Beta Kappa, the honorary scholastic
fraternity founded in Williamsburg in 1776. Rockefeller was a member of the society and had
helped pay for the auditorium. He had visited Williamsburg the previous March, when the
Reverend Dr. W. A. R. Goodwin escorted him—along with his wife Abby, and their sons, David,
Laurance, and Winthrop—on a quick tour of the city. The upshot of his visit was that he approved
the plans already developed by Goodwin and launched the massive historical restoration of
Colonial Williamsburg on November 22, 1927. Amongst many other buildings restored through
his largesse was The College of William & Mary's Wren Building and the Episcopalian Bruton
Parish Church.[26]

In 1940, Rockefeller hosted Bill Wilson, one of the original founders of Alcoholics Anonymous,
and others at a dinner to tell their stories. "News of this got out on the world wires; inquiries
poured in again and many people went to the bookstores to get the book, Alcoholics
Anonymous." Rockefeller offered to pay for the publication of the book, but in keeping with AA
traditions of being self-supporting, AA rejected the money.[27]

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Through negotiations by his son Nelson, in 1946 he bought for $8.5 million—from the major
New York real estate developer William Zeckendorf—the land along the East River in Manhattan
which he later donated for the United Nations headquarters. This was after he had vetoed the
family estate at Pocantico as a prospective site for the headquarters (see Kykuit).[28] Another UN
connection was his early financial support for its predecessor, the League of Nations; this
included a gift to endow a major library for the League in Geneva which today still remains a
resource for the UN.[29]

A confirmed ecumenicist, over the years he gave substantial sums to Protestant and Baptist
institutions, ranging from the Interchurch World Movement, the Federal Council of Churches, the
Union Theological Seminary, the Cathedral of St. John the Divine, New York's Riverside Church,
and the World Council of Churches. He was also instrumental in the development of the research
that led to Robert and Helen Lynd's famous Middletown studies work that was conducted in the
city of Muncie, Indiana, that arose out of the financially supported Institute of Social and
Religious Research.

As a follow on to his involvement in the Ludlow Massacre, Rockefeller was a major initiator with
his close friend and advisor William Lyon Mackenzie King in the nascent industrial relations
movement; along with major chief executives of the time, he incorporated Industrial Relations
Counselors (IRC) in 1926, a consulting firm whose main goal was to establish industrial relations
as a recognized academic discipline at Princeton University and other institutions. It succeeded
through the support of prominent corporate chieftains of the time, such as Owen D. Young and
Gerard Swope of General Electric.[30]

Overseas philanthropy

In the 1920s, he also donated a substantial amount towards the restoration and rehabilitation of
major buildings in France after World War I, such as the Reims Cathedral, the Château de
Fontainebleau and the Château de Versailles, for which in 1936 he was awarded France's highest
decoration, the Grand-Croix de la Legion d'honneur, which also was awarded decades later to his
son David Rockefeller.

He also liberally funded the notable early excavations at Luxor in Egypt, and the American School
of Classical Studies for excavation of the Agora and the reconstruction of the Stoa of Attalos,
both in Athens; the American Academy in Rome; Lingnan University in China; St. Luke's
International Hospital in Tokyo; the library of the Imperial University in Tokyo; and the
Shakespeare Memorial Endowment at Stratford-on-Avon.

In addition, he provided the funding for the construction of the Palestine Archaeological
Museum in East Jerusalem – the Rockefeller Museum – which today houses many antiquities and

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was the home of many of the Dead Sea Scrolls until they were moved to the Shrine of the Book
at the Israel Museum.[31]

Conservation

Teton Range and Snake River

He had a special interest in conservation, and purchased and donated land for many American
National Parks, including Grand Teton (hiding his involvement and intentions behind the Snake
River Land Company), Mesa Verde National Park,[32] Acadia, Great Smoky Mountains, Yosemite,
and Shenandoah. In the case of Acadia National Park, he financed and engineered an extensive
Carriage Road network throughout the park. Both the John D. Rockefeller Jr. Memorial Parkway
that connects Yellowstone National Park to the Grand Teton National Park and the Rockefeller
Memorial in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park were named after him. He was also active
in the movement to save redwood trees, making a significant contribution to Save the Redwoods
League in the 1920s to enable the purchase of what would become the Rockefeller Forest in
Humboldt Redwoods State Park.

In 1951, he established Sleepy Hollow Restorations, which brought together under one
administrative body the management and operation of two historic sites he had acquired:
Philipsburg Manor House in North Tarrytown, now called Sleepy Hollow (acquired in 1940 and
donated to the Tarrytown Historical Society), and Sunnyside, Washington Irving's home, acquired
in 1945. He bought Van Cortland Manor in Croton-on-Hudson in 1953 and in 1959 donated it to
Sleepy Hollow Restorations. In all, he invested more than $12 million in the acquisition and
restoration of the three properties that were the core of the organization's holdings. In 1986,
Sleepy Hollow Restorations became Historic Hudson Valley, which also operates the current
guided tours of the Rockefeller family estate of Kykuit in Pocantico Hills.

He is the author of the noted life principle, among others, inscribed on a tablet facing his famed
Rockefeller Center: "I believe that every right implies a responsibility; every opportunity, an
obligation; every possession, a duty".[33]

In 1935, Rockefeller received The Hundred Year Association of New York's Gold Medal Award, "in
recognition of outstanding contributions to the City of New York." He was awarded the Public
Welfare Medal from the National Academy of Sciences in 1943.[34]

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Family

In August 1900, Rockefeller was invited by the powerful senator Nelson Wilmarth Aldrich of
Rhode Island to join a party aboard President William McKinley's yacht, the USS Dolphin, on a
cruise to Cuba. Although the outing was of a political nature, Rockefeller's future wife,
philanthropist/socialite Abigail Greene "Abby" Aldrich, was included in the large party; the two
had first met in the fall of 1894 and had been courting for over four years.

Rockefeller married Abby on October 9, 1901, in what was seen at the time as the consummate
marriage of capitalism and politics. She was a daughter of Senator Aldrich and Abigail Pearce
Truman "Abby" Chapman. Moreover, their wedding was the major social event of its time – one
of the most lavish of the Gilded Age. It was held at the Aldrich Mansion at Warwick Neck, Rhode
Island, and attended by executives of Standard Oil and other companies.[35]

The couple had six children; Abby in 1903, John III in 1906, Nelson in 1908, Laurance in 1910,
Winthrop in 1912, and David in 1915.

Abby died of a heart attack at the family apartment at 740 Park Avenue in April 1948. Junior
remarried in 1951, to Martha Baird, the widow of his old college classmate Arthur Allen.
Rockefeller died of pneumonia on May 11, 1960, at the age of 86 in Tucson, Arizona, and was
interred in the family cemetery in Tarrytown, with 40 family members present.

His sons, the five Rockefeller brothers, established an extensive network of social connections
and institutional power over time, based on the foundations that Junior – and before him Senior
– had laid down. David became a prominent banker, philanthropist and world statesman. Abby
and John III became philanthropists. Laurance became a venture capitalist and conservationist.
Nelson and Winthrop Rockefeller later became state governors; Nelson went on to serve as Vice
President of the United States under President Gerald Ford.

Residences

From 1901 [36] to 1913, Junior lived at 13 West 54th Street in New York. Afterward, Junior's
principal residence in New York was the 9-story mansion at 10 West 54th Street, but he owned a
group of properties in this vicinity, including Nos. 4, 12, 14 and 16 (some of these properties had
been previously acquired by his father, John D. Rockefeller).[37] After he vacated No. 10 in 1936,
these properties were razed and subsequently all the land was gifted to his wife's Museum of
Modern Art. In that year he moved into a luxurious 40-room triplex apartment at 740 Park
Avenue. In 1953, the real estate developer William Zeckendorf bought the 740 Park Avenue
apartment complex and then sold it to Rockefeller, who quickly turned the building into a
cooperative, selling it on to his rich neighbors in the building.

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Years later, just after his son Nelson become Governor of New York, Rockefeller helped foil a bid
by greenmailer Saul Steinberg to take over Chemical Bank. Steinberg bought Junior's apartment
for $225,000, $25,000 less than it had cost new in 1929. It has since been called the greatest
trophy apartment in New York, in the world's richest apartment building.[38]

Honors and legacy

In 1929, Junior was elected an honorary member of the Georgia Society of the Cincinnati. In
1935, he received The Hundred Year Association of New York's Gold Medal Award "in recognition
of outstanding contributions to the City of New York." In 1939, he was elected Fellow of the Royal
Society under statute 12.

The John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library at Brown University, completed in 1964, is named in his honor.

See also

Forest Hill, Ohio

John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library

John D. Rockefeller Jr. Memorial Parkway

Rockefeller Brothers Fund

Rockefeller family

Rockefeller Foundation

Citations

1. "Rockefeller Archive Center: Extended Biography" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150528154441/htt

p://www.rockarch.org/bio/jdrjr.php) . Archived from the original (http://www.rockarch.org/bio/jdrjr.ph
p) on May 28, 2015. Retrieved May 12, 2011.

2. Simmons, R. Laurie; Simmons, Thomas H.; Haecker, Charles; Siebert, Erika Martin (May 2008). National
Historic Landmark Nomination: Ludlow Tent Colony (https://www.nps.gov/archeology/months/NP_NHL
_Nomination_Ludlow.pdf) (PDF). National Park Service. pp. 41, 45.

3. "Ludlow Massacre" (http://www.du.edu/ludlow/cfhist3.html) . University of Denver.

4. Details of Brown University days – see Bernice Kert, Abby Aldrich Rockefeller: The Woman in the Family.
New York: Random House, 1993. (pp.62–63)

5. Resignation from Standard Oil and U.S. Steel boards – see Ron Chernow, Titan: The Life of John D.
Rockefeller Sr., London: Warner Books, 1998. (pp.548–551)

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6. Zinn, Howard (1990). The Politics of History (https://archive.org/details/politicsofhistor0000zinn_m3v

4) (2nd ed.). Urbana: University of Illinois Press. p. 81 (https://archive.org/details/politicsofhistor0000z
inn_m3v4/page/81) . ISBN 978-0-252-06122-6.

7. In the Hot Seat: Rockefeller Testifies on Ludlow (http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5735/) , The New

York Times, May 21, 1915. Retrieved December 26, 2017.

8. The Public Papers of Margaret Sanger: Web Edition (http://www.nyu.edu/projects/sanger/webedition/a

pp/documents/show.php?sangerDoc=420013.xml) . Nyu.edu. Retrieved on September 5, 2013.

9. Baker, Jean H. Margaret Sanger: A Life of Passion Hill and Wange New York 2011 page 79

10. Robert L. Heath, ed.. Encyclopedia of public relations (2005) 1:485

11. The Ludlow massacre and the turning point in Junior's life – Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller Sr.,
London: Warner Books, 1998. (pp.571–586)

12. Largest shareholder in Chase Bank – see David Rockefeller, Memoirs, New York: Random House, 2002.
(pp.124–25)

13. Du Bois, W. E. Burghardt, ed. (September 1930). "Along the color line". Crisis. Vol. 37, no. 9. p. 309.

14. Du Bois, W. E. Burghardt, ed. (August 1933). "Along the color line". Crisis. Vol. 40, no. 8. p. 186.

15. Harvey, Chester D.; Reed, James, eds. (1939). "The Harlems". New York City Guide. New York, New York:
Random House. p. 265.

16. Letter on Prohibition – see Daniel Okrent, Great Fortune: The Epic of Rockefeller Center, New York:
Viking Press, 2003. (pp.246/7).

17. "John Rockefeller Jr" (http://www.philanthropyroundtable.org/almanac/hall_of_fame/john_d._rockefeller

_jr) . The Philanthropy Hall of Fame.

18. "Rockefeller Archive Center" (https://web.archive.org/web/20150528154441/http://www.rockarch.org/b

io/jdrjr.php) . Archived from the original (http://www.rockarch.org/bio/jdrjr.php) on May 28, 2015.
Retrieved May 12, 2011.

19. Agenda for Reform (https://books.google.com/books?id=YyVkGzvV6IoC&dq=John+Rockefeller+Jr+19

54+Trust&pg=PA214)

20. Laura Spelman Memorial – see Chernow, op.cit. (p.596)

21. Funding of the CFR and other international institutions – Ibid., (p.638); John Ensor Harr and Peter J.
Johnson, The Rockefeller Century: Three Generations of America's Greatest Family, New York: Charles
Scribner's Sons, 1988. (p.156)

22. The Bureau of Social Hygiene and social issues; funding for Margaret Sanger – see Harr & Johnson,
op.cit. (pp.113–15, 191, 461–2)

23. Katz, Esther; Sanger, Margaret (2003). The Selected Papers of Margaret Sanger Volume 1: The Woman
Rebel. University of Illinois Press. p. 430.

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24. Barnet, Peter; Wu, Nancy (2005). The Cloisters: Medieval Art and Architecture (https://archive.org/detail
s/cloistersmedieva00barn/page/11) . New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. pp. 11–13 (https://a
rchive.org/details/cloistersmedieva00barn/page/11) . ISBN 1-58839-176-0.

25. "The Cloisters Museum and Gardens" (http://www.metmuseum.org/about-the-museum/history-of-the-

museum/the-cloisters-museum-and-gardens) . The Metropolitan Museum of Art.

26. Molineux, Will (Autumn 2004). "The Architect of Colonial Williamsburg: William Graves Perry" (https://
web.archive.org/web/20080201005105/http://www.history.org/Foundation/journal/Autumn04/perry.cf
m) . Colonial Williamsburg: The Journal of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Archived from the
original (http://www.history.org/Foundation/journal/Autumn04/perry.cfm) on February 1, 2008.

27. "Forward to the 2nd Edition of Alcoholics Anonymous" (http://www.aa.org/assets/en_US/en_bigbook_f

orewordsecondedition.pdf) (PDF). Alcoholics Anonymous. 1955. p. xviii.

28. Family estate vetoed as site for the UN headquarters – Ibid., (pp.432–3)

29. Endowment of UN library – Ibid., (p. 173)

30. Key involvement in the Industrial Relations movement – Ibid., (pp.183–4)

31. Restorations and constructions in France, Egypt, Greece and Jerusalem – see David Rockefeller,
Memoirs, op.cit. (pp.44–8).

32. "Mesa Verde National Park Receives Gift Of Artworks From The Estate Of David Rockefeller" (https://w
ww.nationalparkstraveler.org/2018/10/mesa-verde-national-park-receives-gift-artworks-estate-david-r
ockefeller) . www.nationalparkstraveler.org. Retrieved July 24, 2019.

33. Life principle – see John Donald Wilson, The Chase: The Chase Manhattan Bank, N.A., 1945–1985,
Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1986. p. 328.

34. "Public Welfare Award" (https://web.archive.org/web/20101229180311/http://www.nasonline.org/site/

PageServer?pagename=AWARDS_pwm) . National Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original
(http://www.nasonline.org/site/PageServer?pagename=AWARDS_pwm) on December 29, 2010.
Retrieved February 14, 2011.

35. Details of the 1901 wedding – Harr & Johnson, op.cit., (pp.81–5)

36. "New Home for John D. Rockefeller Jr" (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/78236060/new-home-for-jo

hn-d-rockefeller-jr/) . The New York Times. September 26, 1901. p. 16. Retrieved May 24, 2021.

37. Gray, Christopher (May 22, 1994). "Streetscapes/The Rockefeller City House; Pied-a-Terre Off Fifth for a
Parsimonious Billionaire" (https://www.nytimes.com/1994/05/22/realestate/streetscapes-rockefeller-city
-house-pied-terre-off-fifth-for-parsimonious.html) . The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 (https://ww
w.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) . Retrieved May 25, 2021.

38. Michael Gross: 740 Park Avenue (http://www.mgross.com/books/740-park/)

Further reading

Chernow, Ron. Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller, Sr. New York: Warner Books, 1998., Detailed
biography of his father
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Fosdick, Raymond B. John D. Rockefeller, Jr.: A Portrait (1956), full biography. online (https://boo
ks.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=hl2mDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT5&dq=%22Rockefeller,
+Jr.%22)

Greenspan, Anders. "How philanthropy can alter our view of the past: a look at Colonial
Williamsburg". Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations 5.2
(1994): 193–203.

Hallahan, Kirk. "Ivy Lee and the Rockefellers' response to the 1913–1914 Colorado coal strike".
Journal of Public Relations Research 14#4 (2002): 265–315.

Harr, John Ensor, and Peter J. Johnson. The Rockefeller Century (1988)

Harvey, Charles E. "John D. Rockefeller, Jr., and the Interchurch World Movement of 1919–1920:
A Different Angle on the Ecumenical Movement". Church History 51#2 (1982): 198–209.

Harvey, Charles E. "John D. Rockefeller, Jr., and the social sciences: An introduction". Journal of
the History of Sociology 4#2 (1982): 1–31.

Henry, Robin. "'In our image, according to our likeness': John D. Rockefeller, jr. and
reconstructing manhood in post-Ludlow Colorado". Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive
Era 16.1 (2017): 24.

Loebl, Suzanne. America's Medicis: The Rockefellers and Their Astonishing Cultural Legacy
(Harper Collins, 2010).

Manchester, William. A Rockefeller Family Portrait: From John D. to Nelson (1959)

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and his Associates Saved AA (2015).

Patmore, Greg. "Employee representation plans at the Minnequa steelworks, Pueblo, Colorado,
1915–1942". Business History 49.6 (2007): 844–867.

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Philanthropists in World War I". Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 17.4 (2018): 650–
662.

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Iron Company, 1914–1942 (2011)

Schenkel, Albert F. The rich man and the kingdom: John D. Rockefeller Jr., and the Protestant
establishment (Augsburg Fortress Pub, 1995)

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of American History 61 (1974): 225–26.

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Tevis, Martha May. "Philanthropy at its best: The General Education Board's contributions to
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Primary sources
Ernst, Joseph W., and John Davison Rockefeller. Dear Father/dear Son: Correspondence of John
D. Rockefeller and John D. Rockefeller Jr. (Fordham Univ Press, 1994)

Ernst, Joseph W., John Davison Rockefeller, and Horace Marden Albright. Worthwhile Places:
Correspondence of John D. Rockefeller, Jr. and Horace M. Albright (Fordham Univ Press, 1991).

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to John D. Rockefeller, Jr..

Wikiquote has quotations related to John D. Rockefeller Jr..

Rockefeller Archive Center: Extended Biography (https://web.archive.org/web/2015052815444

1/http://www.rockarch.org/bio/jdrjr.php)

The Architect of Colonial Williamsburg: William Graves Perry, by Will Molineux An article from
the Colonial Williamsburg Journal, 2004, outlining Rockefeller's involvement (http://www.histor
y.org/Foundation/journal/Autumn04/perry.cfm)

Newspaper clippings about John D. Rockefeller Jr. (http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/pe/0

14758) in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW

Non-profit organization positions

President of the Rockefeller Foundation Succeeded by

New title
February 11, 1913 – November 6, 1917 George E. Vincent

Chairman of the Rockefeller Foundation Succeeded by

New title
1917–1939 Walter W. Stewart

Awards and achievements

Preceded by Cover of Time magazine Succeeded by

Prince Albert, Duke of York January 19, 1925 Charles B. Warren

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