Helwan University Sheet (1)

Faculty of Eng. 2nd year Elec.

Electerical power Eng. Dpt. Power Station
(°C)= (°F - 32) /1.8
1 psi = 0.07 bar
1. Carnot Cycle:
1- At certain locations geothermal energy in underground water is available and
used as the energy source for a power plant. Consider a supply of saturated liquid
water at 150°C. What is the maximum possible thermal efficiency of a cyclic
heat engine using this source of energy with the ambient at 20°C? Would it be
better to locate a source of saturated vapor at 150°C than use the saturated liquid
at 150°C?
2- Liquid sodium leaves a nuclear reactor at 800°C and is used as the energy
source in a steam power plant. The condenser cooling water comes from a
cooling tower at 15°C. Determine the maximum thermal efficiency of the power
plant?
3- A steady-flow Carnot engine with
water as the working fluid operates at
specified conditions. The thermal
efficiency, the quality at the end of the
heat rejection process, and the network
output are to be determined. x2 = 0.9

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4- A steady-flow Carnot engine with
water as the working fluid operates at
specified conditions. The thermal
efficiency, the amount of heat rejected,
and the network output are to be
determined.

2. Rankine Cycle:
5- A simple Rankine cycle using water as the working fluid operates between the
pressure limits of 7.5 kPa and 1800 kPa. Determine:
(a) the cycle thermal efficiency;
(b) the steam rate (specific steam consumption);
6- Calculate the thermal efficiency of a simple Rankine cycle for which steam
leaves the boiler as saturated vapor at 3 x 10 6 N/m2 and is condensed to saturated
liquid at 7000 N/m2. The turbine has isentropic efficiency of 0.8. The pump inlet
is saturated liquid.
7- Evaluate the simple Rankine cycle efficiency using steam as a working fluid
operates between 28 bar and 0.025 bar, and the specific steam consumption.
Steam leaves the boiler dry and saturated.
8- Evaluate the modified efficiency, and specific steam consumption of the
above described cycle when the ηt = 0.90 and ηp = 0.85.
9- In Rankine cycle steam leaves the boiler and enters turbine at 4 MPa and
400°C. The condenser pressure is 10 kPa. Determine the Rankine efficiency and
the Carnot efficiency for the same temperature limits?
10- A steam power plant has a boiler exit at 4 MPa, 500°C and a condenser exit
temperature of 45°C. Assume all components are ideal. Find the cycle efficiency,
specific work, and heat transfer through its components?
11- Consider a solar energy powers an ideal Rankine cycle that uses water as a
working fluid. Saturated vapor leaves the solar collector at 175°C, and the
condenser pressure is 10 kPa. Determine the thermal efficiency of this cycle?

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12- A steam power plant operating in an ideal Rankine cycle has a high pressure
of 5 MPa and a low pressure of 15kPa. The turbine exhaust state should have a
quality of at least 95% and the turbine power generated should be 7.5 MW. Find
the necessary boiler exit temperature and the total mass flow rate?
13- A steam power plant operating on the Rankine cycle has steam at 3.5 MPa,
400°C leaving the boiler. The turbine exhausts to the condenser operating at 10
kPa. Find the specific work, heat transfer in each of the ideal components, and
the cycle efficiency?
14- The effect of turbine exhaust pressure on the performance of the ideal steam
Rankine cycle given in problem 7 is to be studied. Calculate the thermal
efficiency of the cycle and the moisture contents of the steam leaving the turbine
for turbine exhaust pressure of 5, 10, 50, and 100 kPa. Plot both the thermal
efficiency and moisture content versus turbine exhaust pressure for the specified
turbine inlet pressure and temperature?
15- The effect of turbine inlet pressure on the performance of the ideal steam
Rankine cycle given in problem 7 is to be studied. Calculate the thermal
efficiency of the cycle and the moisture contents of the steam leaving the turbine
for turbine inlet pressure of 1, 3.5, 6, and 10 MPa. Plot both the thermal
efficiency and moisture content versus turbine inlet pressure for the specified
turbine inlet temperature and exhaust pressure?
16- The effect of turbine inlet temperature on the performance of the ideal steam
Rankine cycle given in problem 7 is to be studied. Calculate the thermal
efficiency of the cycle and the moisture contents of the steam leaving the turbine
for turbine inlet temperature of 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, and saturated vapor (at 3.5
MPa). Plot both the thermal efficiency and moisture content versus turbine inlet
temperature for the specified turbine inlet pressure and exhaust pressure?
17- A steam power plant using steam as a working fluid operates on a Rankine
cycle. The boiler and condenser pressures are 30 bar and 1 bar. The condition of
steam entering the prime-mover is dry and saturated. Find out the thermal
efficiency of the cycle?

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18- A steam power plant operates on a
simple ideal Rankine cycle between the
specified pressure limits. The thermal
efficiency of the cycle and the net
power output of the plant are to be
determined. The maximum cycle
temperature is 300°C.

19- A 210 MW steam power plant that

operates on a simple ideal Rankine
cycle is considered. The quality of the
steam at the turbine exit, the thermal
efficiency of the cycle, and the mass
flow rate of the steam are to be
determined. The maximum cycle
temperature is 500°C.

20- A 210 MW steam power plant that

operates on a simple actual Rankine
cycle is considered. The quality of the
steam at the turbine exit, the thermal
efficiency of the cycle, and the mass
flow rate of the steam are to be
determined. Neglect the pump work
and the turbine efficiency is 0.85. The
maximum cycle temperature is 500°C.

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21- A steam power plant that operates
on a simple ideal Rankine cycle
between the specified pressure limits is
considered. The minimum turbine inlet
temperature, the rate of heat input in
the boiler, and the thermal efficiency of
the cycle are to be determined. the
steam mass flow rate is 34 kg/s

22- A steam power plant operates on a

simple nonideal Rankine cycle between
the specified pressure limits. The
minimum turbine inlet temperature, the
rate of heat input in the boiler, and the
thermal efficiency of the cycle are to
be determined. The maximum cycle
temperature is 1000°F. the turbine
efficiency is 0.85

23- A 300 MW coal-fired steam power

plant operates on a simple ideal
Rankine cycle between the specified
pressure limits. The overall plant
efficiency and the required rate of the
coal supply are to be determined. The
maximum cycle temperature is 450°C.

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24- A 45 MW steam power plant
operates on a simple ideal Rankine
cycle between the specified pressure
limits. The thermal efficiency of the
cycle, the mass flow rate of the steam,
and the temperature rise of the cooling
water are to be determined. The
maximum cycle temperature is 500°C.

Best Regards,
Dr: Mohamed Nawar.

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