19 Appendix-7.2.1 LD-P2M2

Appe di . .
LD-P M
Land Disturbing Pollution Prevention and Mitigation Measures (LD-P2M2)
Proposed Paper Mill on Part of PT 47766 Mukim Tanjong Duabelas, Daerah Kuala Langat, Selangor Darul Ehsan
1. LAND DISTURBING POLLUTION PREVENTION AND

MITIGATION MEASURES (LD-P2M2)
1.1 INTRODUCTION
LD-P2M2 document is a pledge made by the Project Proponent to take efforts, measures,
actions, or due diligence in accomplishing the overarching goal of protecting the environment
and in mitigating the environmental impact in the process of implementation of the proposed
development. The focus of the LD-P2M2 is on the prevention, mitigation and control of the
discharge from the development area containing the major pollutant (suspended solids) resulting
from land disturbing activities.
The LD-P2M2 will serve and be read with the LD-P2M2 Plan (ESCP) and other engineering
plans (i.e. development plan, earthwork plan, drainage plan, etc.) or written instructions that may
be issued in relation to development at the subject site.
1.2 LD-P2M2 OBJECTIVES

The ESC main objectives are to protect, restore and enhance the environmental quality at the
Project site and its surrounding areas through a proper and systematic planning,
implementation, monitoring and auditing of mitigation measures on soil erosion and siltation on-
site.
1.3 DESIGN PREFERENCES

This LD-P2M2 section has been prepared following the references as below:-
a) Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia, MSMA 2nd Edition, Year 2011 by
Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia.
b) Guideline for LD-P2M2 in Malaysia, October 2010 by Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment, Malaysia and Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia.
1.4 DESIGN CRITERIA AND ASSUMPTIONS

The following assumptions are made during the calculations for the LD-P2M2 design.
1.4.1 Peak Runoff Estimation

In order to ensure high efficiency of surface discharge from the proposed project site
(impacted area 1 and impacted area 2), it is recommended that the surface runoff at the
proposed project site to be channelled/ discharged to the nearest discharged point (i.e.
sediment basin and sediment trap) for treatment and retention within the shortest time
possible to minimize the risk of localised flooding within the project site.
Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd Page - 1

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1. Impacted Area 1 (Mill Site) = 31.52 hectares
2. Impacted Area 2 (Hostel, Office and Pump House) = 0.87 hectares
The design peak flows for the surface runoff generated from the project site during the
existing condition stage (pre-development), site clearing stage (earthwork and construction
stage) and operation stage (post-development) are assessed by using the following
assumptions:
1) Rational Method is used for the design calculations.
Q = C. I .A / 360
Where,
Q = peak flow (m3/s);
C = runoff coefficient;
I = Average rainfall intensity (mm/hr); and
A = Drainage area (ha).
2) Peak flow occurs when the entire catchment is contributing to the flow.
3) Rainfall intensity is uniform over the entire catchment area and is uniform over a time
duration that equal to the time of concentration, tc.
4) Fitting constants for IDF empirical equation is adopted from the nearest to the site is the
JPS Sg. Manggis (Station ID = 2815001), nearest JPS station from project site.
5) Minor ARI = 5, 10 and 20 years and Major ARI = 50 and 100.

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Summary of the runoff estimation from the project site can be referred in Table 1 and further
detailed calculation is presented in Appendix 1.
Table 1: Summary of Peak Runoff Estimation
Qpeak (m3/s)
Impacted
Project Phases ARI
Areas
5 10 20 50 100
Pre-development 2.223 2.471 2.745 3.944 4.382
Impacted
During development 2.779 3.088 3.431 4.733 5.259
Area 1
Post development 5.003 5.559 6.176 7.494 8.326
Pre-development 0.061 0.068 0.076 0.109 0.121
Impacted
Area 2
1.4.2 Soil Loss Projection (RUSLE)

The rate of soil loss from the proposed Project site (earthwork disturbance area) is
estimated using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). Although it was
developed as a design tool for conservation planning, the RUSLE method is widely used to
estimate soil erosion rates.

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The equation is presented in the form: -
A = R x K x (L x S) x C x P
• A represents the potential long-term average annual soil loss in tons per hectare per year. This is
the amount, which is compared to the "tolerable soil loss" limits.
• R is the rainfall and runoff factor by geographic location. The greater the intensity and duration of
the rain storm, the higher the erosion potential.
• K is the soil erodibility factor (refer to Soil Investigation Report). It is the average soil loss in
tons/ha per unit area for a particular soil in cultivated, continuous fallow with an arbitrarily selected
slope length and slope steepness. K is a measure of the susceptibility of soil particles to
detachment and transport by rainfall and runoff. Texture is the principal factor affecting K, but
structure, organic matter and permeability also contribute.
• LS is the slope length-gradient factor. The LS factor represents a ratio of soil loss under given
conditions to that at a site with the "standard" slope steepness of 9% and slope length of 22.1
metres. The steeper and longer the slope, the higher is the risk for erosion.
• C is the crop/vegetation and management factor. It is used to determine the relative effectiveness
of soil and crop management systems in terms of preventing soil loss. The C factor is a ratio
comparing the soil loss from land under a specific crop and management system to the
corresponding loss from continuously fallow and tilled land. The C Factor can be determined by
selecting the crop type and tillage that corresponds to the field and then multiplying these factors
together. The C factor resulting from this calculation is a generalized C factor value for a specific
crop that does not account for crop rotations or climate and annual rainfall distribution for the
different agricultural regions of the country. This generalized C factor, however, provides relative
numbers for the different cropping and tillage systems; thereby helping you weigh the merits of
each system. For this Project, C = 0.35 (existing condition); and 1.0 (bare earth).
• P is the support practice factor. It reflects the effects of practices that will reduce the amount and
rate of the water runoff and thus reduce the amount of erosion. The P factor represents the ratio
of soil loss by a support practice to that of straight-row farming up and down the slope. The most
commonly used supporting cropland practices are cross slope cultivation, contour farming and
strip-cropping. For this Project, P = 0.6 (existing condition); 1.0 (bare earth); 0.18 to 0.59 (with
proper BMPs).
All values of parameters in this equation will be obtained using data that has been obtained
for Malaysia condition. All the relevant data can be referred in the “Guideline for LD-P2M2 in
Malaysia” published by Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment and Department of
Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia (October, 2010).

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Based on the Department of Agricultural Land Erosion Risk Map, the erosion risk categories
are as follows:
Erosion Risk (t/ha/yr) Risk Categories

< 10 Low
10-50 Average
50-100 Above Average
100-150 High
>150 Very High
For the course of this proposed project site, the soil loss projection based on four (4)
scenarios were developed to identify the prone of soil erosion from each earthwork impacted
site for each development stage. Table 2 shows the summary of soil loss projection.
1. Existing condition (assuming the project site is covered mainly of minor bushes);
2. After development without mitigation measures (earthwork uncontrolled); and
3. After development with mitigation measures (earthwork controlled with proper BMPs,
e.g. sediment basin, check dams, sediment trap).
4. Post construction (assuming with proper concrete lining).
Table 2: Summary of Soil Loss Projection
Project Site Risk

R K LS C P A
Condition Category
Impacted Area 1
Existing 18000 0.055 0.0807 0.030 0.600 1.438 Low
Earthwork Above
18000 0.050 0.0667 1.000 1.000 60.058
(Uncontrolled) average
Earthwork
18000 0.050 0.0667 1.000 0.500 30.029 Average
(Controlled)
Post
18000 0.050 0.0667 0.050 0.500 1.501 Low
Construction
Impacted Area 2
Existing 18000 0.050 0.0630 1.000 1.000 1.358 Low
Earthwork Above
18000 0.050 0.0630 1.000 0.500 56.700
(Uncontrolled) average
Earthwork
18000 0.050 0.0630 0.050 0.500 28.350 Average
(Controlled)
Post
18000 0.050 0.0630 1.000 1.000 1.418 Low
Construction
*Note: Refer also to Appendix 1 for the detail soil loss assessment.
After the completion of the construction phase/during post construction stage, soil erosion
and its affect will be reduced significantly, as the site will be paved to a uniform platform
level.

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1.4.3 Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE)
The Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE) is perhaps the most frequently used
equation for sediment yield estimation. It is developed to calculate the sediments yields of a
catchment as a result of a specific storm event. The equation is presented in the form: -
Y = 89.6 (V Qp)0.56 (K.LS.C.P)
Where Y = Sediment yield per storm event (tonnes)
V = Runoff volume in cubic meter
Qp = Peak discharge in m3/s
Using MUSLE equation, the sediment yield is as summarised in Table 3.

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Table 3: Summary of Sediment Yield Assessment
Sediment
Project Site
V (m3) Q10 (m3/s) K LS C P Yield, Y
Condition
(tonne)
Impacted Area 1
Existing 5393.51 2.471 0.0550 0.0807 0.03 0.60 1.4612
Earthwork 7881.38 3.088 0.0500 0.0667 1.00 1.00 85.4935
(Uncontrolled)
Earthwork 9869.54 5.559 0.0500 0.0667 1.00 0.50 67.3852
(Controlled)
Post Construction 9869.54 5.559 0.0500 0.0667 0.05 0.50 3.3693
Impacted Area 2
Existing 113.45 0.068 0.0550 0.0762 0.03 0.50 0.0177
Earthwork 164.28 0.085 0.0500 0.0630 1.00 1.00 1.2373
(Uncontrolled)
Earthwork 180.90 0.153 0.0500 0.0630 1.00 0.50 0.9075
(Controlled)
*Note: Refer also to Appendix 1 for the detail sediment yield estimation
The amount of sediment yield during earthwork-controlled stage is considered very minimal.

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1.5 IMPLEMENTATION OF LAND DISTURBANCE POLLUTION PREVENTION

MITIGATION MEASURES (LD-P2M2)
The implementation of LD-P2M2 is to be carried out in order to contain erosion and siltation
during site preparation and construction stages for the proposed Project. The implementation of
LD-P2M2 for the project site shall cover only the impacted work areas as shown in Table 4.
Table 4: Impacted Work Areas
Project Site Impacted Area (ha)

Impacted Area 1 31.52
Impacted Area 2 0.87
Total 32.39
The outline of the LD-P2M2 for the establishment of the project site is described in Section
1.5.1 and 1.5.2.
1.5.1 Implementation of LD-P2M2 for Impacted Area 1

The following LD-P2M2 measures includes minor earthwork activities at the proposed mill
site area which covers an area of approximately 31.52 hectares (77.89 acres).
• Prior to any commencement of work, construction entrance stabilization (CES) shall be

constructed at the entrance/exit point to/ from the project sites to ensure that a minimum
impact of sediment is washed onto the public road and existing drain as well as to act
as a dust control measure.
• Two separate access points will be provided to allow for an effective management of
transport throughout the earthwork and construction process.
• Wash trough/wheel washing facilities with sediment trap shall be located near to the 2
proposed access points of the project site.
• Temporary earth drain shall be constructed to direct all surface runoff from the stabilised
area around the proposed mill site area to the proposed sediment basin, i.e. SB-1 prior
to discharging to nearby river (i.e. Sg. Langat).
• Rock Filter Check dams shall be installed at every 20m along the temporary earth
drains at each turning to reduce flow velocity and promote sedimentation within the
proposed project site.
• Domestic waste from the project site shall be temporarily stored at the Solid Waste
Management (SWM) area before being disposed to the nearby local approved disposal
site by local authority.
• The overall LD-P2M2 Site Plan of the proposed Project site can be referred in Figure 1.

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1.5.2 Implementation of LD-P2M2 for the Impacted Area 2

The following LD-P2M2 measures includes minor earthwork and construction activities at
the proposed hostel, office and pump area which covers an area of approximately 0.87
hectares (2.2 acres).
• Prior to any commencement of work, construction entrance stabilization (CES) shall be

constructed at the entrance/exit point to/ from the project sites to ensure that a minimum
impact of sediment is washed onto the public road and existing drain as well as to act
as a dust control measure.
• Wash trough/wheel washing facilities with sediment trap shall be located near to the
proposed access point of the project site.
• Temporary diversion channel/ earth drain shall be constructed to direct all surface runoff
from the stabilised area around the proposed new gas station to the proposed sediment
trap, i.e. ST-1 prior to discharging to nearby river (i.e. Sg. Langat).
• Rock Filter Check dams shall be installed at every 20 m along the temporary earth
drains at each turning to reduce flow velocity and promote sedimentation within the
proposed project site.
• Domestic waste from the project site shall be temporarily stored at the Solid Waste
Management (SWM) area before being disposed to the nearby local approved disposal
site by local authority.
• The overall LD-P2M2 Site Plan of the proposed Project site can be referred in Figure 1.
1.5.3 Overall LD-P2M2
• LD-P2M2 plan MUST be followed accordingly and maintained by a qualified person to

ensure that only the allowable quality and quantity of water discharge to the waterway.
• The LD-P2M2 Plan shall be read in conjunction with the engineering plans, earthwork
plans, topographical survey plan, drainage plan or any other written instructions that
may be issued in relation with the Project.
• No works shall commence on site until the earthwork plans and Erosion and Sediment
Control Plan (ESCP) have been approved by the authorities and DID, respectively.
• All contractors shall be informed of their responsibilities in minimizing the potential for
soil erosion and pollution from the earthwork and construction works.
• After the site is stabilised, all temporary BMPs shall be removed and permanent
vegetations or structures shall be installed on the disturbed areas.

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Figure 1: LD-P2M2 Site Plan

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1.6 BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (BMPS) FOR THE PROPOSED

PROJECT
1.6.1 Diversion Channel/Earth Drain
Temporary diversion channel or earth drain may be used to divert off-site runoff around the
construction site, divert runoff from stabilised areas around disturbed areas, and direct
runoff into sediment basins. Diversion channels should be installed when the site is initially
graded and remain in place until permanent BMPs are installed.
The temporary drainage system features are designed for hydraulic efficiency and also for
ease of maintenance. The sizing of the channel is based on Manning’s Formula (MSMA,
2011) while the runoff estimation is based on the Rational Formula (MSMA, 2011).
Design Storm - 2 years ARI

a) Dimension - Sides slope: 1(V) : 2 (H)
- Minimum base width is 0.5 m
- Minimum freeboard is 50 mm
b) Velocities, V - 0.6 m/s ≤ V ≤ 2 m/s
c) Roughness Coefficient - 0.03 (rock rip rap liner); 0.015 (reinforced concrete)
d) Scour Protection - Inlet and outlet protected by rock rip rap
- Channel bed stabilised by rock rip rap

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1.6.2 Sediment/Silt Fence
A sediment/silt fence is a temporary sediment barrier consisting of filter fabric stretched

across and attached to supporting ports, entrenched and depending upon the strength of the
fabric used, backed by a wire fence for support. This measure does not filter runoff but acts
as a linear barrier creating upstream ponding that allows soil particles to settle out, thereby
reducing the amount of soil leaving a disturbed area.
a) Design Storm - First 40mm rainfall for site < 2 year construction
period
- First 50mm rainfall for site ≥ 2 year construction
period
b) Maximum Contributing - 0.4 hectares
Area
c) Hydraulic For any point along the fence,
- Concentrated flow shall not exceed 50 l/s
- Maximum water depth shall not exceed 600 mm.
d) Sitting of facility - Shall not be installed in areas receiving concentrated
flow, i.e. stream or ditches.
- Maximum length of each fence segment shall not
exceed 30m.
- The at least 1 m from ends of each segment shall be
turned uphill to prevent runoff from flowing around the
fence.
e) Slope - Slope draining to fence shall be 1:1 or flatter.
- Length of draining to fence shall not exceed 60m
f) Storage Area - Storage area to be provided behind the fence.
- Approximately 280 m2 per hectar of contributing area
is required

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1.6.3 Rock Filter Check Dam (RFCD)

A rock filter check dam is a small temporary dam constructed across a diversion channel or
swale. It reduces the velocity of concentrated stormwater flows, thereby reducing erosion of
the channel and promote sedimentation behind the dam. Small barriers consisting of rocks
or earth berms are suitable as for check dams. Many commercial products such as gabions
and sand bags can also be used effectively as check dams.
a) Design Storm - 2 years ARI, unless specified otherwise by

Authorities.
b) Overspill - All flow greater than 2-year ARI shall safely bypass
the crossing.
c) Flood Protection - Ensure upstream/downstream flooding condition not
aggravated.
d) Dimension - Height (centre) of dam shall not exceed 1 m
- For rock check dam:
• Upstream slope: 2:1 or flatter
• Downstream slope: 4: 1 or flatter
- Centres of the da shall be notched to centre to
promote concentrated flow (approx. 0.15m).
- Outer sides of dam shall be at least 0.5m higher
than centre to avoid undermining.
- Spill crest shall be of at least 100mm in width
parallel to flow.
e) Intervals - Series of check dam can be placed such that the
height of subsequent check dam must be equal or
lower than the base of the check dam before it.
- Check dams shall be provided along the proposed
earth drain with a maximum interval distance of
every 20 m.
f) Geotextile - Check dam with height more than 450mm shall be
laid with geotextile to avoid seepage & structural
failure.
g) Scour Protection - Rocks, earth, gabion
Rock filter check dams for this Project shall be proposed along the temporary drain prior to
any discharges into any main culverts.

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1.6.4 Sediment Basin/Trap
Sediment basin/trap is designed to collect and store sediment from the site clearing and/or
for extended periods of time before re-establishment of permanent vegetation and/or
construction of permanent drainage structures. The basin is a temporary measure (with a
design life of 12 to 18 months) and is maintained until the site is permanently protected
against erosion. It will be located at the lower area of the project site.
Based on the MSMA guidelines, there are two (2) types of sediment basin/trap, namely Dry
Sediment Basin and Wet Sediment Basin. The type of basin to be adopted is dependent on
the nature of the soil material. In this development, Dry Sediment Basin is used since Type
A1 soil (sandy loam) is encountered.
The design of sediment basin/trap is based on Table 12.17 of MSMA 2nd Edition, Year 2012
which requires the following criteria to be met: -
a) Emergency spillway must be installed to safely convey flows up to and including 10

years ARI.
b) The basin/trap length to settling depth ratio should be less than 200:1.
c) The basin/trap length to width ratio should be greater than 2:1 to prevent short-
circuiting.
d) Side slopes should not be stepper than 2 (H): 1 (V) to prevent sloughing.
e) The settling zone should be at least 0.6 m deep to contain runoff and allow suspended
sediment to settle.
f) The sediment storage zone should be at least 0.3 m deep to store settled sediment until
the basin/trap is cleaned out.
The proposed sizing of the sediment basin/trap for this Project is summarized in Table 5.
1 According to the Hydrological Soil Group as per Table 12.16, MSMA (2012)

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Table 5: Sizing of Sediment Basin/Trap
Characteristics MSMA Min. Sediment Basin Sediment Trap

Requirement Design Design
(SB-1) (ST-1)
Impacted Area (Ha) More than 2 hectares 31.52 hectares 0.87 hectares
Coarse-grained sand, Coarse-grained sand, sandy loam: less than
Type of Soil sandy loam: less than 33%<0.02mm
33%<0.02mm
Basin Type Dry Dry
Sediment Basin/Trap
12 to 24 months 12 to 14 months
Design Lifespan
Proposed Overall Dimension
Total Depth, y (m) 0.6 2.21 2.20
At Top Water Level
Width (m) 63.00 16.00
Min 2 (L) :1 (W) ratio
Length (m) 133.00 33.00
At Base
Width (m) 54.00 7.20
Min 2 (L) :1 (W) ratio
Length (m) 124.00 24.20
Total Surface Area (m2) - 7,800.00 390.00
Total Volume (m3) - 4,680.00 152.95
Emergency Spillway
Width, B (m) - 3.10 1.00
Height of Spillway, Hsp - 1.50 0.75
(m)
Crest of Spillway, Csp (m) - 2.00 2.00
*Note: Refer also to Appendix 1 for the detail design calculations.
The typical BMPs construction details for the proposed Project are as depicted in Figure 2 to
Figure 5.

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Figure 2: Construction Entrance Stabilisation (CES) with Wash Bay/Wheel Wash Facilities

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Figure 3: Rock Filter Check Dam

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Figure 4: Soil and Spoils Stockpile

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Figure 5: Sediment Basin/Trap

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1.7 BMPS INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE PROGRAM
The Project Manager should assign on-site staff (i.e. Environmental Officer) to maintain
constant vigilance over the sedimentation status of sediment basin/trap, check dams, etc.
installed within the Project Site. If these installations are not functioning properly, the Site
Environmental Officer should be notified immediately. The Environmental Officer shall
ensure that the sediment containments are inspected, maintained routinely and work
effectively.
Maintenance schedules and instructions for maintaining control measures need to be

developed by the Environmental Officer. It is the responsibility of the contractor to ensure
that the major provisions of LD-P2M2 are being adhered to. A routine end-of-day
maintenance check and keeping of on-site records are strongly recommended before,
during and post development. All maintenance schedules should be specified on the plans.
The plans should also remind the contractor of his responsibility to inform other site workers
about the erosion and sediment features on the site.
1.7.1 Water Quality Monitoring
Proposed site for monitoring of water quality is to be located at the discharge point of the
sediment basin/trap. Parameter to be monitored is mainly Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
and Turbidity. The Project Manager should be notified on a regular basis the performance of
the water quality at this point and instruct the Environmental Officer to carry out
maintenance works when necessary.
1.7.2 Site Inspection
A self-auditing program will be established based on an inspection checklist. A site

inspection using the checklist will be made by the management: -
• At least daily, weekly, bi-weekly or monthly; and
• Immediately after a storm event.
A qualified person will be required to oversee the installation and maintenance of all LD-
P2M2 measures on site. The responsible person will ensure that:
• The P2M2 is being implemented properly;
• Repairs for the BMPs are undertaken as required; and
• Essential modifications are made to the LD-P2M2 if and when necessary.
1.7.3 Maintenance of BMPs
Proposed maintenance programs and the maintenance requirement for the proposed BMPs
are shown in Table 6 and Table 7.

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Table 6: Maintenance Program for the Proposed BMPs

Monitor/Inspection Cycle
Particular Activity After
Weekly- Monthly/
Daily Storm
Bi-Weekly Quarterly
Event
LD-P2M2 • Review with
■
Contractor
• Modify/improve soil
■
erosion prevention
a. BMPs • Cut Off/Earth Drain ■ ■
• Rock Filter Check
■ ■
Dam
• Sediment/Silt Fence ■ ■
• Construction Entrance
■ ■
Stabilisation (CES)
• Wash Trough/Wheel
■ ■
Washing Facilities
• Sediment Basin/Trap ■ ■
• Stockpile and Solid
■ ■
Waste Management
b. Water Discharge point of
Quality sediment basin/trap
• Water analysis
■
(Turbidity & TSS)
• Visual inspection ■ ■
Table 7: Maintenance Requirements for the Proposed BMPs
BMP Maintenance Requirements

Construction Entrance • Inspect monthly and after each rainfall.
Stabilization (CES)
• Replace gravel material when surface voids are visible.
• Remove all sediment/silt deposited on paved roadway within 24
hours.
Wash Trough/ Wheel • Inspect weekly and after each rainfall.
Washing Facilities
• Ensure tires of the construction vehicle transports moving out from
the construction site to be cleaned prior entering the public road.

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BMP Maintenance Requirements

Cut-Off/Earth Drain • Inspect bi-weekly and after each rainfall.
• Repair as necessary.
Rock Filter Check Dam • Inspect weekly and after each rainfall.
• Inspect for sediment buildup and signs of erosion around the check
dam to capture dam after each rainfall.
• Remove accumulated sediment, wherever it reaches one-third of the
height of the dam, or one-half of the sump depth if a sump is
provided.
Sediment/Silt Fence • Inspect weekly and after each rainfall.
• Repair wherever fence is damaged.
• Remove sediment when it reached one-third of the height of the
fence.
Sediment Basin/Trap • Inspect bi-weekly and after each rainfall.
• Inlet and outlet of sediment basin/trap shall be checked and all
trapped rubbish and debris shall be removed.
• The sediment basin/trap embankment shall be checked regularly to
ensure that it is structural sound and has not been damaged by
erosion.
• Accumulated sediment shall be removed from the basin/trap when it
reaches between 600 mm to 750 mm depth.
Stockpile and Waste • Inspect weekly and after each rainfall.
Management Area
• Ensure the stockpile is less than 2 m in height (wherever there is
sufficient area).
• Acceptable waste bins will be provided. Frequency off clearances will
be determined local authority or as necessary.

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1.8 LD-P2M2
1.8.1 Soil Erosion
The soil erosion rate under existing condition is projected to be low at the earthwork impacted
sites. Under development condition, the soil loss rate is projected to be average if no erosion
control measures are taken as most of the earthwork activities have been completed earlier. Soil
erosion can be effectively reduced by the adoption of mitigation measures such as sediment
basin/trap and diversion channel for runoff to divert runoff from the work areas. Such measures
are essential on major construction sites to facilitate the construction activities as well as to
control erosion.
For soil erosion, appropriate mitigating measures are deemed necessary to reduce the potential
risk posed during project development and post development. The potential soil loss will be
minimised by adoption of the following measures:
• Design and construction planning will consider hydrological and climatic conditions
experienced in the area particularly the rainfall and surface runoff patterns. Land clearing
during the monsoon season will be minimised.
• Planting of grass and suitable cover crops will be used to protect newly cleared area against
soil erosion. Legumes are preferred as they are able to colonise bare areas quickly and also
improve the nitrogen status of the soil, which aids other vegetation growth.
• The provision of diversion channel and toe drain to divert the runoff from the impacted areas
to the proposed sediment basin/trap prior to discharging into the river nearby (i.e. Sg.
Langat) is deemed necessary to reduce the total bed and suspended sediment load to the
stream.
• A detail LD-P2M2 plan (ESCP) for soil management and control with specific measures for
incorporating temporary and permanent measures during earthworks, construction and
during completion stage of the Project will be prepared and submitted to Department of
Irrigation and Drainage (DID). This plan will form part of the requirements of the contract
agreement for contractors undertaking works in the Project area.
1.8.2 Storm Water Runoff

• A network of drains (i.e. earth drains) should be installed to regulate runoff within the site
and also prevent runoff from adjacent areas from flowing into the site. The existing drains on
the other hand should be maintained by removing deposited silt/sediment at regular
intervals. Capacity of receiving drains needs to be checked for increased flows and the flow
concentration at the outlet. Drainage system onsite should be designed in accordance to the
MSMA requirements by DID in the Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia
(Revision 2, 2010). Perimeter earth drain shall be maintained regularly by removing
deposited silt, once monthly during dry period and once weekly during rainy period.
• A temporary earth drain is proposed around the proposed mill site and hostel areas
(impacted area 1 and impacted area 2) together with rock filter check dams to divert runoff
from the project site to the proposed sediment basin (SB-1) and sediment trap (ST-1) as
illustrated in Figure 1. The detail design of the BMPs for this Project shall be assessed
separately and submitted to DID Selangor for final review and approval.

CK/EV503-5280/19
Appendix 1
Calculation Sheet Job No: CK/EV503/5280/19 Sheet No.: 1 Rev. No. : 0
21/11/2019 Peak Runoff

CHEMSAIN KONSULTANT SDN. BHD. Dwg. No. : Date : Estimation
Consulting Engineers Designed by : Terence K.C Lee
Project : ESCP for Jinxing Holdings (M) SB Checked by : Terence K.C Lee Remark :
Reference Calculation Output
AEP and ARI
Hydrologic events are described by stating the Annual Exceedance Probability (AEP) or the Average
Recurrence Interval (ARI). The AEP is the probability that an event of specified magnitude, or volume and
duration, will be exceeded in a time period, is the average length of time between events that have the same
magnitude, or volume and duration. A flood with a discharge of say 50m3/s may have an AEP of 0.01, meaning
that on the average there is a 1% chance that a flow of 50m3/s will be equally or exceeded in any year.
1) Impacted Areas
Impacted Areas
No Project Site
Hectares (Ha) Acres (Ac)
i) Impacted Area 1 31.52 77.887
ii) Impacted Area 2 0.870 2.150
TOTAL 32.390 80.037
2) Estimation of Total Time of Concentration, tc

Time of concentration, tc = to + td
Whereby to = Overland sheet flow travel time (mins)
td = Travel time in drain (mins)
2.1 Estimation of overland sheet flow travel time, t o

Table 2.1 Overland Flow, t0 (mins) = . .∫1/3
(MSMA 2) S1/2
Whereby: n = Horton's roughness value for the surface
∫ = Overland sheet flow path length (m)
S = Slope of overland surface (%)

Peak Runoff
CHEMSAIN KONSULTANT SDN. BHD. Dwg. No. : Date : 21/11/2019
Estimation
Topo Plan, Horton

Impacted Areas Project Phases ∫ m S (%) Land Surface t0 (min)
roughness, n
App 7
Pre-development 40 0.14 Poorly grassed 0.0350 33.89
Impacted Area
Table 2.2 During development 40 0.07 Bare soil 0.0275 38.97
1
(MSMA 2) Post development 40 0.07 Paved 0.0150 21.26
Pre-development 20 0.14 Poorly grassed 0.0350 26.90
Impacted Area
During development 20 0.07 Bare Soil 0.0275 30.93
2
Post development 20 0.07 Paved 0.0150 16.87
2.2 Estimation of travel time in drain, t d

Table 2.1 Drain Flow, td (mins) = n.L.R2/3.S1/2 = L
MSMA, 2) 60 V
Whereby: L = Length of reach (m)
V = Average pipe velocity (m/s)
= 1.R2/3.S1/2
C
S = Slope of overland surface (%)
R = Hydraulic Radius (m)
C = Manning's roughness coefficient
Impacted Areas Project Phases Type of drain/ pipe C L (m) V (m/s) V (m/min) td (min)
Table 2.3 Grassed Drain - Short

Pre-development Grass Cover (<150 0.035 150 1 60 2.50
(MSMA 2) mm)
Lined Drain (Stone
Impacted Area
During development Pitching) Dressed 0.017 150 0.702 42.12 3.56
1
Stone in Mortar
Lined Drain
Post development (Concrete) Smooth 0.015 150 0.3 18 8.33
Finish
Grassed Drain - Short
Pre-development Grass Cover (<150 0.035 50 1 60 0.83
mm)
Lined Drain (Stone
Impacted Area
During development Pitching) Dressed 0.017 50 0.702 42.12 1.19
2
Stone in Mortar
Lined Drain
Post development (Concrete) Smooth 0.015 50 0.3 18 2.78
Finish
2.3 Estimation of total time of concentration, t c

Impacted Area Project Phases t0 (min) td (min) tc (min)
Pre-development 33.89 2.50 36.39

Impacted Area
During development 38.97 3.56 42.54
1
Post development 21.26 8.33 29.59
Pre-development 26.90 0.83 27.73
Impacted Area
During development 30.93 1.19 32.12
2
Post development 16.87 2.78 19.65

Peak Runoff
Estimation
3) Estimation of Rainfall Intensity, I using Polynomial Approximation of IDF Curves

Equation 2.2 Average rainfall intensity, i = λTᵏ
d+θ ᵑ
Whereby: T = Average Recurrence Interval - ARI
d = Stor duratio s hours , . ≤d≤ ;a d
λ, k, ƞ ,θ = Fitting constants dependents on the raingauge location
Table 1.1 Type of development = Infrastructure/ Utility

(MSMA 2) System design ARI, T
Min ARI = 5 years (5, 10 and 20 years)
Max ARI = 100 years (50 and 100 years)
Storm duration, d = 60 mins
= 1 hour
Table 2B1 Coefficient of IDF Equation Intensity, I

Location Station ID ARI, T (years)
(MSMA 2) λ k ƞ θ (mm/hr)
5 63.49
10 70.54
JPS Sg Manggis 2815001 20 56.052 0.152 0.194 0.857 78.38
50 90.09
100 100.10
3) Estimation of Peak Flow, Qpeak

Equation 2.3 Q = C.i.A
(MSMA 2) 360
Whereby : Q = Year of ARI peak flow (m3/s)
C = Dimensionless runoff coefficient
Y
It = Y year ARI average rainfall intensity over time of concentration, tc
(mm/hr)
A = Catchment area (ha)
Peak Runoff
Peak Runoff
Estimation
System design ARI, T 3

Project Phases Impacted Areas Type of landuse Runoff coefficient Qpeak (m /s)
(years)
Table 2.5 5 2.223

(MSMA 2) 10 Grass Cover 0.40 2.471
Impacted Area 1 20 2.745
50 3.944
Grass Cover 0.50
Pre- 100 4.382
development 5 0.061
10 Grass Cover 0.40 0.068
50 0.109
Grass Cover 0.50
100 0.121
5 2.779
10 Bare Soil (No cover) 0.50 3.088
50 4.733
Bare Soil (No cover) 0.60
During 100 5.259
development 5 0.077
10 Bare Soil (No cover) 0.50 0.085
50 0.131
Bare Soil (No cover) 0.60
100 0.145
5 5.003
10 Industrial 0.90 5.559
50 7.494
Industrial 0.95
Post 100 8.326
development 5 0.138
10 Industrial 0.90 0.153
50 0.207
Industrial 0.95
100 0.230
The above estimation is further summarized as below:

Qpeak (m3/s)
Impacted Areas Project Phases
5 10 20 50 100
Pre-development 2.223 2.471 2.745 3.944 4.382
Impacted Area
1
Pre-development 0.061 0.068 0.076 0.109 0.121
Impacted Area
2
Sediment Yield
21/11/2019 Estimation with
CHEMSAIN KONSULTANT SDN. BHD. Dwg. No. : Date :
MUSLE
The Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE) is used to estimate the sediment yield of this Project as a result
specific storm event. The empirical relationship is expressed by the following eqution:
Eq 12.4 Y = 89.6 (VQP)0.56(K.L.S.C.P)

(MSMA 2) Whereby : Y = Sediment yield per storm event (tonnes)
V = Runoff volume (m3)
QP = Peak discharge in m3/s
K, LS, C, P = USLE factors
a) Design Storm
Design Storm
Catchment Area,
Impacted Area Project Phases Storm (mm) (2) Tc (min) (3) duration, I10 (mm/hr) (5) Q10 (m3/s) (6)
(1) ha
D (min) (4)
Pre-development 40 31.52 36.39 60 70.54 2.471

Impacted Area 1 During development 40 31.52 42.54 60 70.54 3.088
Post development 40 31.52 29.59 60 70.54 5.559
Pre-development 40 0.87 27.73 60 70.54 0.068
Impacted Area 2 During development 40 0.87 32.12 60 70.54 0.085
Post development 40 0.87 19.65 60 70.54 0.153
(1) Based on Table 1.3, MSMA, 2nd Edition, 2011

Criteria of water quality volume = Permanent BMPs
(2) Refer to Earthwork Layout Plan
(3) Refer to detail calculation of time of concentration, Tc, in Item 1.3 of Hydrological Assesment worksheet (Sheet
No.2)
(4) Assume 1 hour duration of storm = 60 minutes
(5) Refer to detail calculation of rainfall intensity, I, in Item 2 of Hydrological Assesment worksheet (Sheet No.3) for
10 years ARI.
(6) Refer to detail calculation of peak discharge estimation, Qpeak, in Item 3 of Hydrological Assesment worksheet
(Sheet No.3) 10 years ARI.
(b) Runoff Volume Estimation, V

Section 2.3.2 Using Rational Method Hydrogaph Method (Type 2)
(MSMA 2) Runoff volume, V = Area under hydrograph
= 0.5 x (2 x Tc) Qpeak
Impacted Area Project Phases Tc (min) Tc (sec) Q10 (m3/s) Runoff Vol., V (m3)
Pre-development 36.39 2183.16 2.471 5393.51
Impacted Area 1 During development 42.54 2552.15 3.088 7881.38
Post development 29.59 1775.53 5.559 9869.54
Pre-development 27.73 1663.72 0.068 113.45
Impacted Area 2 During development 32.12 1927.28 0.085 164.28
Post development 19.65 1179.06 0.153 180.90
(c) Sediment Yield Estimation

In this case, the value of K, LS, C and P factors are assumed as the same as those used for soil loss estimation for
disturbed (uncontrolled) condition as calculated in Soil Loss Estimation with USLE worksheet (refer Sheet No. 3). Using
MUSLE, the sediment yield is calculated as below:
Impacted Area Project Site Condition V (m3) Q10 (m3/s) K LS C P Y (tonne)
Existing 5393.51 2.471 0.0550 0.0807 0.03 0.60 1.4612

Earthwork (Uncontrolled) 7881.38 3.088 0.0500 0.0667 1.00 1.00 85.4935
Impacted Area 1
Earthwork (Controlled) 9869.54 5.559 0.0500 0.0667 1.00 0.50 67.3852
Existing 113.45 0.068 0.0550 0.0762 0.03 0.50 0.0177 ESC reduce the
Earthwork (Uncontrolled) 164.28 0.085 0.0500 0.0630 1.00 1.00 1.2373 amount of
Impacted Area 2
Earthwork (Controlled) 180.90 0.153 0.0500 0.0630 1.00 0.50 0.9075 sediment yield
Post Construction 180.90 0.153 0.0500 0.0630 0.05 0.50 0.0454 thus acceptable.
21/11/2019 Soil Loss Estimation

CHEMSAIN KONSULTANT SDN. BHD. Dwg. No. : Date : with USLE
1) Introduction
All procedures and calculations were in accordance with references from the Guideline for Erosion and
Sediment Control in Malaysia (Guideline, 2010) and the Urban Stormwater Management Manual for
Malaysia (Manual Saliran Mesra Alam Malaysia-MSMA, 2011). Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) as
shown below will be used to assess the erosion risk of the site under 4 conditions:
a) Existing (undisturbed)
b) Disturbed and Uncontrolled (no ESCP)
c) Disturbed but Controlled (with ESCP)
d) During Operation/ Post Construction
Eq. 12.1 A = R.K.LS.C.P

(MSMA 2) Whereby : A = Annual soil loss (tonnes/ha/yr)
R = Raifall erosivity factor (Mj.mm/ha.hr.yr)
K = Soil erodibility factor (tonnes.hr/MJ/mm)
LS = Topographical factor
C = Cover management factor
P = Support practice factor
2) Determination of Rainfall Erosivity Factor, R
Figure 12.5
(MSMA 2)
Figure 1: Rainfall Erosivity Map for Peninsular Malaysia
Range of R factor = 17000 to 18000 Mj.mm/ha.hr.yr

For evaluation purpose, higher limit of R factotr is used. Thus,
Rainfall erositivy factor, R = 18000 MJ.mm/ha.hr.yr
21/11/2019 Soil Loss Estimation

CHEMSAIN KONSULTANT SDN. BHD. Dwg. No. : Date : with USLE
3) Determination of Soil Erodibility Factor, K

Table 3.4 The K factor is determined based on soil series from the project site which is Selangor-Kangkong series
(Guideline,
DID)
K (tonnes.hr/
Series Layer Texture HSG
MJ/ mm)
Impacted Area 1
Selangor A Clay Sandy Clay 0.055
Kangkong A 0.05 Sandy Clay 0.050
Impacted Area 2
Selangor A Clay Sandy Clay 0.055
Kangkong A 0.05 Sandy Clay 0.050
For existing (undisturbed) condition, erosion took place on the ground surface hence the concerned soil
layer is measuring between 1.50 to 1.95 m depth. Meanwhile, for disturbed condition (uncontrolled and
controlled), the soil layer is represented at 3 m depth assuming earthwork activities have removed the
top layer of the soil hence exposinig the lower soil layer. The K factor determination is further
summarized as below:
4) Determination of Topographical Factor, LS

The LS factor can be calculaed using methodology suggested in Chapter 15, MSMA (DID, 2000) which
applied the equation defined by Wischmeier (1975):
Eq 3.9 LS = λ / Ψ m x ( 0.065 + 0.046s + 0.0065s2)
(Guidelines for whereby λ = sheet flow path length (m or feet)
ESC in M'sia) Ψ = 22.13 for SI Units and 72.6 for English Units (BU)
s = average slope gradient (%)
m = 0.2 for s < 1,
. for s < ,
. for s < ,
. for s < and
. for s %
CHEMSAIN KONSULTANT SDN. BHD. Dwg. No. : Date : 21/11/2019 0

Table 12.3 Impacted Area Project Site Condition λ m Ψ BU s (%) m LS Factor
(MSMA 2) Existing 40 22.13 0.14 0.2 0.0807

Earthwork
20 22.13 0.07 0.2 0.0667
Impacted Area 1 (Uncontrolled)
Earthwork (Controlled) 20 22.13 0.07 0.2 0.0667
Post Construction 20 22.13 0.07 0.2 0.0667
Existing 30 22.13 0.14 0.2 0.0762
Earthwork
15 22.13 0.07 0.2 0.0630
Earthwork (Controlled) 15 22.13 0.07 0.2 0.0630
Post Construction 15 22.13 0.07 0.2 0.0630
Note: The LS factor is obtained directly from Table 12.3 through interpolation method.
5) Determination of Cover Management Factor, C

Impacted Area Project Site Condition Erosion Control treatment C Factor
Table 12.4a, Existing Grassland (100% cover) 0.03

12.4b & 12.4c Earthwork (Uncontrolled) Bare soil/ newly cleared land 1.00
(MSMA 2) Impacted Area 1 Earthwork (Controlled) Bare soil/ newly cleared land 1.00
High density commercial, educational and industrial
Post Construction 0.05
(5% green area)
Existing Grassland (100% cover) 0.03
Earthwork (Uncontrolled) Bare soil/ newly cleared land 1.00
Impacted Area 2 Earthwork (Controlled) Bare soil/ newly cleared land 1.00
High density commercial, educational and industrial
Post Construction 0.05
(5% green area)
6) Determination of Support Practice Factor, P

Impacted Area Project Site Condition Support/ Sediment control practice P Factor
Table 12.5 Existing Grass buffer strips (0 to 10% basin slope) 0.60
(MSMA 2) Earthwork (Uncontrolled) Bare soil 1.00
Impacted Area 1
Earthwork (Controlled) Sediment basin 0.50
Post Construction Berm drain and cascade 0.50

Existing Grass buffer strips (0 to 10% basin slope) 0.60
Earthwork (Uncontrolled) Bare soil 1.00
Impacted Area 2
Earthwork (Controlled) Sediment basin 0.50
Post Construction Berm drain and cascade 0.50
Substituting the the values of R, K, LS, C and P into Equation 12.1 gives ,
A
Impacted Area Project Site Condition R K LS C P (tonnes/ha/y
r)
Existing 18000 0.055 0.0807 0.030 0.600 1.438
Earthwork
18000 0.050 0.0667 1.000 1.000 60.058
Earthwork (Controlled) 18000 0.050 0.0667 1.000 0.500 30.029
Post Construction 18000 0.050 0.0667 0.050 0.500 1.501
Existing 18000 0.055 0.0762 0.030 0.600 1.358
Earthwork
18000 0.050 0.0630 1.000 1.000 56.700
Impacted Area 2
(Uncontrolled) ESC reduce the
amount of soil
Earthwork (Controlled) 18000 0.050 0.0630 1.000 0.500 28.350
loss thus
Post Construction 18000 0.050 0.0630 0.050 0.500 1.418 acceptable.

19 Appendix-7.2.1 LD-P2M2

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19 Appendix-7.2.1 LD-P2M2

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Appe di . .

1. LAND DISTURBING POLLUTION PREVENTION AND

1.2 LD-P2M2 OBJECTIVES

1.3 DESIGN PREFERENCES

1.4 DESIGN CRITERIA AND ASSUMPTIONS

1.4.1 Peak Runoff Estimation

Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd Page - 1

1. Impacted Area 1 (Mill Site) = 31.52 hectares

2. Impacted Area 2 (Hostel, Office and Pump House) = 0.87 hectares

1) Rational Method is used for the design calculations.

Q = peak flow (m3/s);

I = Average rainfall intensity (mm/hr); and

A = Drainage area (ha).

5) Minor ARI = 5, 10 and 20 years and Major ARI = 50 and 100.

Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd Page - 2

Table 1: Summary of Peak Runoff Estimation

1.4.2 Soil Loss Projection (RUSLE)

Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd Page - 3

The equation is presented in the form: -

Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd Page - 4

Erosion Risk (t/ha/yr) Risk Categories

2. After development without mitigation measures (earthwork uncontrolled); and

4. Post construction (assuming with proper concrete lining).

Table 2: Summary of Soil Loss Projection

Project Site Risk

Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd Page - 5

1.4.3 Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE)

Y = 89.6 (V Qp)0.56 (K.LS.C.P)

Where Y = Sediment yield per storm event (tonnes)

V = Runoff volume in cubic meter

Qp = Peak discharge in m3/s

Using MUSLE equation, the sediment yield is as summarised in Table 3.

Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd Page - 6

Table 3: Summary of Sediment Yield Assessment

Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd Page - 7

1.5 IMPLEMENTATION OF LAND DISTURBANCE POLLUTION PREVENTION

Table 4: Impacted Work Areas

Project Site Impacted Area (ha)

1.5.1 Implementation of LD-P2M2 for Impacted Area 1

• Prior to any commencement of work, construction entrance stabilization (CES) shall be

Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd Page - 8

1.5.2 Implementation of LD-P2M2 for the Impacted Area 2

• Prior to any commencement of work, construction entrance stabilization (CES) shall be

1.5.3 Overall LD-P2M2

• LD-P2M2 plan MUST be followed accordingly and maintained by a qualified person to

Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd Page - 9

Figure 1: LD-P2M2 Site Plan

Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd Page - 10

1.6 BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (BMPS) FOR THE PROPOSED

Design Storm - 2 years ARI

Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd Page - 11

1.6.2 Sediment/Silt Fence

A sediment/silt fence is a temporary sediment barrier consisting of filter fabric stretched

Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd Page - 12

1.6.3 Rock Filter Check Dam (RFCD)

a) Design Storm - 2 years ARI, unless specified otherwise by

Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd Page - 13

1.6.4 Sediment Basin/Trap

a) Emergency spillway must be installed to safely convey flows up to and including 10

Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd Page - 14

Table 5: Sizing of Sediment Basin/Trap

Characteristics MSMA Min. Sediment Basin Sediment Trap