ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY OF FISHERIES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

College of Industrial Technology

Electric ATF Pump
An Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to the
Faculty of the College of Industrial Technology
Iloilo State University of Fisheries, Science and Technology
Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Industrial Technology
Major in Automotive

By

Badrina, Edgar V.
Molina, John Clark B.
Pastera, Danny P.
Salvador, Danny T.
Balabagno, RJ B.
Demigello, Nino John

JUNE 2024

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 ILOILO STATE UNIVERSITY OF FISHERIES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
College of Industrial Technology

Background of the study

Electric ATF Pump is used to Refill Fluid to Transmission

because there are cars that the fluid container is under the

transmission that is very difficult to refill. In line with

this, the possibility for a more easier and convenient way is

to make a pump to be used in the rear wheel gearbox to refill

the oil.

An electric ATF pump (EOP) was integrated into the hydraulic

system and an automatic transmission. This will be used to

refill fluid Transmission.

Furthermore, this study established a dynamics model of power

loss and leakage because some of the automobile were designed

to be refilled by ATF under the vehicle. Based on a driving

simulation method, sizes of the Pump that ensured optimal fuel

economy were selected.

A test environment on a rig and prototype vehicle was

established to verify the feasibility of the proposed control

strategies. The test will indicate that the transmission

functioned favourably with the Electric ATF pump system

presented, and a quick and smooth starting performance was

achieved when the engine was restarted. The findings in this

study will be extremely valuable for forward designs of a

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College of Industrial Technology
motor vehicle for realizing start-stop function and improving

efficiency.

The Electric ATF Pump will be used as a real wheel type

gearbox.

The power-steering pump pressurizes the hydraulic fluid that

helps the driver turn the steering wheel. Signs of steering-

pump failure include leaks, noises or decreased assistance

while steering. The immediate loss of power assist is more

likely a sign of a broken drive belt or the loss of steering

fluid. Most vehicles employ this type of mechanical/ hydraulic

power steering, but because their pumps rob power and

efficiency even when the car isn’t turning, a small percentage

of cars use an electric pump and many new vehicles now have

electric power assist.

Objective of the study

General Objectives

This study aims to develop and design new equipment that could

best help and improve the function of the ATF Pump in

consideration with the fuel consumption and function of the

motor vehicle.

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College of Industrial Technology
Specifically this study aims to:

• Develop a new equipment that could generate good

performance of the motor vehicle upon usage.

• perform effective fuel and transmission upon using

the Electric ATF Pump.

• Allows user to lessen expenses upon repairs and

procuring new ATF pump that are not friendly top use

and to the Environment.

Significance of the study

The Significance of this study is to lessen the work time,

effort, and of the automotive developers.

 Automotives. The improvement of the ATF Pump in

Transferring the Oil while doing automotive works.

 Automotive Professors. The Professor will allow further

studies and Integration in Classes to further demonstrate

the actual use and convenience of the use of the device.

 Future Researchers. This will allow future researchers to

further study and develop new devices that could be able

to lessen and improve the use of the devices for the sake

of the automotive industry.

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College of Industrial Technology
Scope and Limitation of the Study

The Scope of the ATF Pump is to make new efforts and give way

to other options to listen the difficulty on removing,

filtering, and pouring the ATF to an Automobile. This will

only be allowed on the Automobile with Fluid Container that

are under the Transmission fluid. This Electric ATF Pump can

lessen time, work, money, and effort of the technician and

automotives in transferring the oil of the Automobile under

repair, maintenance, and testing.

No other equipments involved in this study before, during, and

after the test is taken.

Definition of Terms

The following terms that are being used in this study are

define and conceptually and operationally to ensure clarity

and better understanding.

The electric*: in this study comprises a storage battery,

generator, starting (cranking) motor, lighting system,

ignition system, and various accessories and controls.

Originally, the electrical system of the automobile was

limited to the ignition equipment. www.britannica.com

ATF*:in this study, Automatic transmission fluid is a critical

component of any automatic transmission. Also referred to as

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College of Industrial Technology
ATF, this fluid ensures proper operation, performance and

protection of the automatic transmission.www.castor.com

Pump*: in this study is defined as it takes water from the

radiator and moves it through the motor back to the radiator,

where the cycle begins again. It makes sure your motor remains

at a constant temperature, no matter the weather. The water

from the radiator heats up as it makes its way through the

motor.www.ntb.com

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College of Industrial Technology
Review of Related Literature

A method of applying two-pump system in automatic

transmissions for energy conservation

In order to improve the hydraulic efficiency, modern automatic

transmissions tend to apply electric oil pump in their
hydraulic system. The electric oil pump can support the
mechanical oil pump for cooling, lubrication, and maintaining
the line pressure at low engine speeds. In addition, the
start–stop function can be realized by means of the electric
oil pump; thus, the fuel consumption can be further reduced.
This article proposes a method of applying two-pump system
(one electric oil pump and one mechanical oil pump) in
automatic transmissions based on the forward driving
simulation. A mathematical model for calculating the
transmission power loss is developed. The power loss transfers
to heat which requires oil flow for cooling and lubrication. A
leakage model is developed to calculate the leakage of the
hydraulic system. In order to satisfy the flow requirement, a
flow-based control strategy for the electric oil pump is
developed.

Simulation results of different driving cycles show that there

is a best combination of the size of electric oil pump and the
size of mechanical oil pump with respect to the optimal energy
conservation. Besides, the two-pump system can also satisfy
the requirement of the start–stop function. This research is
extremely valuable for the forward design of a two-pump system
in automatic transmissions with respect to energy conservation
and start–stop function.

Conventional automatic transmissions have bigger power loss

than manual transmissions. Manufactures of automatic
transmissions have been trying to solve this problem using

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College of Industrial Technology
high-efficiency components or new structure design with less
drag torque. One big part of power loss comes from the
mechanical oil pump (MOP). In order to ensure that the
mechanical system has sufficient lubrication and cooling at
low engine speeds, the displacement volume of MOP is usually
designed big. However, it causes excessive oil flow and big
power loss at high engine speeds. Therefore, modern automatic
transmissions tend to reduce the size of MOP and use an
electric oil pump (EOP). The oil flow of EOP can be controlled
to improve the pump efficiency. In addition, EOP can help to
realize the start–stop function which can further improve the
vehicle fuel economy.

In recent years, many new automatic transmissions start

applying EOP in their hydraulic system. The EOP is designed
for the start–stop function. Meanwhile, it is used to support
the line pressure and supplement the oil flow for lubrication
and cooling at low engine speeds. A two-pump system with two
EOPs is designed to improve the efficiency and performance of
a six-speed automatic transmission some control algorithms are
developed for the EOP control of a two-pump system. They try
to reduce the energy consumption of the two-pump system. High-
efficiency EOP and MOP have also been developed and applied in
automatic transmissions. Ahlawat et al. analyzed the effect of
different pumps on fuel economy of a dual-clutch transmission
vehicle. Through modelling and simulation, it is suggested to
apply a two-pump system (one EOP and one MOP) in this dual-
clutch transmission.

Some of the above studies integrate the EOP into the existing
transmission structure. Some try to reduce the energy
consumption by optimizing the control algorithms or the design
of the pumps. However, these studies do not involve the way to
determine the size of EOP and MOP for optimal energy
conservation. The best combination of the size of EOP and the

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College of Industrial Technology
size of MOP with respect to energy conservation is usually
difficult for engineers to figure out.

This article develops a method to deal with this issue using

an eight-speed automatic transmission in mass production as
studying object.

Power loss model

The power loss of an automatic transmission includes
mechanical loss (gear, bearing, seal, shifting loss, and drag
torque loss of the open shifting elements), hydraulic loss
(torque converter and MOP), and electric loss (electric power
demand for the solenoids, sensors, transmission control unit,
and EOP). The power loss transfers to heat which must be
dissipated by the transmission housing and the oil. The
necessary oil flow for cooling is at the expense of the
hydraulic loss (from MOP and EOP) and the electric loss (from
EOP). In this section, the power loss of the eight-speed
automatic transmission is calculated. Then, the necessary oil
flow for cooling can be known based on the calculated power
loss.

Gear meshing loss

this eight-speed automatic transmission has three planetary
gear sets and four transfer gear sets. The mechanical power
transferred by a planetary gear set can be divided into two
parts.One part is known as “coupling power” which has no
losses because there is no conversion of torque and speed. The
other part is called “rolling power” which is a result of
relative speed between the central gears (sun gear and ring
gear) and the carrier. This power generates losses in the
rolling teeth and the planetary bearing. The calculation of
rolling power for each part of a planetary gear set is
expressed.

Torque converter loss

In the control strategy of the torque converter, the lock-up
clutch is always open in the first gear and the reverse gear.
In other gears, the pump and the turbine are mechanically
connected. A big hydraulic loss appears when the torque
converter works under the hydraulic condition.
Leakage model
The detailed description of its functionality is introduced in
Wang et al.25 In this hydraulic system, all the valves
(proportional solenoid valves and slide valves) have leakages.
The leakage oil flow must be compensated by the two-pump

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College of Industrial Technology
system. There are two kinds of leakage in the hydraulic
system. One considers the leakage of the eccentric ring gap.
The leakage between the spool and the bore in the slide valve
is just like this form. The other is called the orifice
leakage.The leakage of the proportional solenoid valve is
considered in this form.
Flow-based control strategy for the EOP
In order to replace the big MOP with a two-pump system (one
EOP and one MOP), a flow-based control strategy is developed.
This flow-based control strategy just makes use of the
information of the calculated flow requirement. No more
additional energy is required for the EOP on the condition
that the flow from MOP is sufficient for the transmission.
Hence, this control strategy can reduce the load of the EOP to
a maximum extent. First, based on the power loss model, the
required oil flow for the cooling and lubrication
Katou N, Taniguchi T, Tsukamoto K, et al. AISIN AW new six-
speed automatic transmission for FWD vehicles. SAE technical
paper 2004-01-0651, 2004.