Abnormal Psychology 8th Edition Oltmanns Test Bank

Abnormal Psychology 8th Edition
Oltmanns Test Bank

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Chapter 11
Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
Total Assessment Guide (T.A.G.)
Question
Topic Factual Conceptual Applied
Type
Overview Multiple 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 4 2, 10
pp. 285-287 Choice 11, 12
Short Answer 106
Essay
Symptoms Multiple 16, 18, 19, 21, 23, 13, 20, 29, 35, 36, 14, 15, 17, 22,
pp. 287-295 Choice 24, 26, 28, 30, 31, 37, 40, 43, 45, 48 25, 27, 33, 44,
32, 34, 38, 39, 41, 47
42, 46
Short Answer 110, 111, 112 107, 108, 109
Essay 117
Diagnosis Multiple 50, 54, 55, 56 49, 51, 53 52
pp. 295-298 Choice
Short Answer 113
Essay 118
Frequency Multiple 57, 60, 61, 65, 66, 62, 63, 64, 68 58, 59
pp. 298-302 Choice 67
Short Answer
Essay
Causes Multiple 71, 73, 76, 77, 80 69, 72, 81, 82, 84, 70, 74, 75, 78,
pp. 302-308 Choice 85 79, 83
Short Answer 114, 115
Essay 119, 120, 121,
122
Treatment Multiple 88, 89, 91, 94, 96, 86, 87, 95, 98, 90, 92, 93, 97,
pp. 308-312 Choice 101, 103, 104 102 99, 100, 101
Short Answer 116
Essay 123
Gambling Multiple 105
Disorder Choice
pp. 312-314 Short Answer
Essay 124
Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
431
Chapter 11: Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
Multiple Choice
11.1.1. According the World Health Organization, ______ use was responsible for 5 percent of the total
burden of disease and disability worldwide in 2004.
a. heroin
b. alcohol
c. cocaine
d. marijuana
Answer: b.
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 11.1.1
Page Reference: 285
Topic: Overview
Skill: Factual
LO 11.1: What evidence is needed to show that a drug is addictive?
11.1.2. Your friend misses work and has serious family difficulties because he uses drugs. However, he
is not addicted to drugs. What DSM-5 diagnosis should be made in this case?
a. substance use disorder

b. substance abuse
c. substance dependence
d. substance ingestion habit
Answer: a.
Difficulty: 3
Question ID: 11.1.2
Page Reference: 285
Topic: Overview
Skill: Applied
11.1.3. DSM-5 defines substance use disorders in terms of
a. addiction.
b. tolerance and withdrawal.
c. craving and lack of control.
d. a maladaptive pattern of behaviors.
Answer: d.
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 11.1.3
Page Reference: 285
Topic: Overview
Skill: Factual
432
11.1.4. Previous versions of the diagnostic manual used the term ____________________ to describe
substance use disorders that were at least moderate in severity.
a. substance abuse
b. anhedonia
c. substance dependence
d. self-destructive tendencies
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 11.1.4
Page Reference: 285
Topic: Overview
Skill: Conceptual
11.1.5. What term is used to describe chemicals that can alter a person's mood, perception, or brain
functioning?
a. legal drugs
b. illegal drugs
c. psychoactive substances
d. exogenous brain substances
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 11.1.5
Page Reference: 285
Topic: Overview
Skill: Factual
11.1.6. Polysubstance abuse refers to abuse of
a. synthetic drugs.
b. more serious drugs.
c. prescription drugs.
d. several types of drugs.
Answer: d.
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 11.1.6
Page Reference: 286
Topic: Overview
Skill: Factual
11.1.7. While watching a television show, you hear one of the characters, a physician, talking about
narcotic analgesics. What is another name for these drugs?
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a. opiates
b. hypnotics
c. cannabinoids
d. benzodiazepines
Answer: a.
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 11.1.7
Page Reference: 285
Topic: Overview
Skill: Factual
11.1.8. What type of drug is alcohol?
a. opiate
b. analgesic
c. central nervous system stimulant
d. central nervous system depressant
Answer: d.
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 11.1.8
Page Reference: 285
Topic: Overview
Skill: Factual
11.1.9. Which term describes central nervous system depressants that are used to relieve anxiety?
a. opiates
b. hypnotics
c. analgesics
d. anxiolytics
Answer: d.
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 11.1.9
Page Reference: 285
Topic: Overview
Skill: Factual
11.1.10. For a class assignment, you are asked to find information on cocaine. A reference book on drugs
lists them by major category. Under which category will you find cocaine?
a. opiates
b. stimulants
c. depressants
d. hallucinogens
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Answer: b.
Difficulty: 1
Question ID: 11.1.10
Page Reference: 285
Topic: Overview
Skill: Applied
11.1.11. In recent years, the term addiction is being used to describe other kinds of impulsive behavior
problems, including
a. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
b. pathological gambling.
c. antisocial personality disorder.
d. specific phobias.
Answer: b.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 285
Topic: Overview
Skill: Factual
11.1.12.Ernest Hemingway, whose case is presented in your textbook, suffered from
a. anxiety disorder.
b. cocaine use disorder.
c. alcohol use disorder.
d. borderline personality disorder.
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 286
Topic: Overview
Skill: Factual
11.1.13. Which of the following offers a useful basis for distinguishing between people who are
dependent on alcohol and those who are not?
a. legal involvement due to drinking

b. the amount of money spent on alcohol
c. the number of problems due to drinking
d. the amount of alcohol consumed each week
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 287
435
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Conceptual
11.1.14. Which of the following is an example of psychological dependence on alcohol?
a. not wanting to drink alone

b. drinking to relieve negative moods
c. the ability to drink more and more over time
d. cognitive impairments due to alcohol abuse
Answer: b.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 287
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Applied
11.1.15. You are designing a research study to test the effectiveness of a new type of treatment program
for alcohol use disorder, and you want to be able to assess changes in your subjects' craving for alcohol.
Which of the following would be a good index of their craving?
a. the amount of alcohol they drink

b. the discomfort they experience when they don't drink
c. their need to increase the amount that they drink
d. the amount of time they spend planning to drink
Answer: d.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 287
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Applied
11.1.16. Tolerance for a psychoactive substance refers to
a. withdrawal.
b. psychological dependence.
c. the ability to consume several drugs at the same time with limited adverse effects.
d. requiring more of the substance to achieve the same effect that lower doses once achieved.
Answer: d.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 288
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Factual
436
11.1.17. Metabolic tolerance involves changes in _____________ while pharmacodynamic tolerance
involves changes in _____________.
a. neurons / enzymes
b. enzymes / neurons
c. brain / neuron
d. neuron / brain
Answer: b.
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 288
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Applied
11.1.18.The process in which neurons adapt to psychoactive drug use by reducing the number of
receptors or by reducing their sensitivity to the drug is known __________ regulation.
a. down
b. up
c. neuron
d. metabolic
Answer: a.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 288
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Factual
11.1.19. In one type of tolerance, cues that are regularly associated with the administration of a drug
begin to function as conditioned stimuli and elicit a conditioned response that is opposite in direction to
the natural effect of the drug in the process of __________ conditioning.
a. tolerance
b. drug
c. metabolic
d. behavioral
Answer: d.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 288
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Factual
11.1.20. When a heavy drinker stops drinking alcohol, what happens to his biological system that causes
withdrawal symptoms?
437
a. It is deprived of essential vitamins.
b. It has become psychologically dependent.
c. It rebounds after functioning in a chronically depressed state.
d. It rebounds after functioning in a chronically stimulated state.
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 288
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Conceptual
11.1.21. Which of the following might a person suffering from alcohol withdrawal delirium experience?
a. amnesia
b. auditory hallucinations
c. pharmacodynamic tolerance
d. metabolic tolerance
Answer: b.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 288
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Factual
11.1.22. The police find a man in a seedy part of town; he looks in "bad shape," so they call for an
ambulance. On the way to the hospital, the paramedic calls the hospital base with the following
description: approximately 50-year-old white male, heavy sweating, hand tremors, seems delirious, and
appears to be experiencing hallucinations. When the patient arrives at the hospital, the emergency room
physician suspects that the patient is experiencing
a. cocaine withdrawal.
b. barbiturate overdose.
c. a schizophrenic episode.
d. alcohol withdrawal delirium.
Answer: d.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 288
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Applied
11.1.23. Based on reports from people who use drugs, which psychoactive substance is least associated
with tolerance and withdrawal effects?
438
a. opiates
b. sedatives and hypnotics
c. hallucinogens
d. cocaine
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 288
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Factual
11.1.24. Which of the following are signs of alcohol intoxication according to DSM-5?
a. anhedonia, hallucinations, and delusions

b. nystagmus, rapid heart beat, and convulsions
c. slurred speech, lack of coordination, and nystagmus
d. feelings of pleasure, nausea, and constriction of the pupils of the eye
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 289
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Factual
11.1.25. The police found a man along the highway. They immediately transported him to the emergency
room where it was determined that his alcohol concentration was 600 mg percent. The police report
probably described him as
a. dead.
b. stuporous.
c. unconscious.
d. uncoordinated.
Answer: a.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 289
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Applied
11.1.26. What is the legal limit of alcohol concentration for driving in most states, as measured in the
number of milligrams (mg) of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood (percent)?
a. 10 mg percent
b. 80 mg percent
c. 160 mg percent
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d. 300 mg percent
Answer: b.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 289
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Factual
11.1.27. Charles is administered a blood alcohol level test, and the results show 400 mg percent. Which of
the following characterizes his state?
a. slightly intoxicated
b. very intoxicated, at risk of slipping into coma
c. unaffected by the small amount he drank earlier
d. his driving is impaired, but he could walk home
Answer: b.
Difficulty: 3
Question ID: 1.1.27
Page Reference: 289
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Applied
11.1.28. What is a blackout?
a. losing consciousness and passing out

b. a time-limited period of dementia
c. an experience of nausea and vomiting
d. an inability to remember what has happened
Answer: d.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 290
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Factual
11.1.29. Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between death and the misuse of
alcohol?
a. Alcohol is responsible for relatively few deaths directly.

b. Alcohol related deaths due to injury are more common among young men.
c. Alcohol related deaths due to disease are more common among young men.
d. The number of alcohol-related deaths in the U.S. has been steadily declining for the past 20 years.
Answer: b.
Difficulty: 3
440
Page Reference: 290
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Conceptual
11.1.30. What is the physiological basis of the short-term effects of nicotine?
a. blocks the release of GABA and acetylcholine

b. increases the release of GABA and acetylcholine
c. blocks the release of norepinephrine and dopamine
d. increases the release of norepinephrine and dopamine
Answer: d.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 290
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Factual
11.1.31. Your textbook suggests that withdrawal from nicotine is on a par with withdrawal from
a. heroin.
b. LSD.
c. marijuana.
d. sugar.
Answer: a.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 291
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Factual
11.1.32. Why are cocaine and amphetamines called stimulant drugs?
a. They activate the sympathetic nervous system.

b. They activate the parasympathetic nervous system.
c. They reduce the level of GABA available in the brain.
d. They increase the level of GABA available in the brain.
Answer: a.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 291
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Factual
LO 11.2: What are the long-term consequences of abusing psychomotor stimulants?
441
11.1.33. In your role as a police officer, you sometimes come across individuals who seem to be
hallucinating and have delusions of persecution. In addition to the possibility that these individuals may
have a mental disorder or be under the influence of various hallucinogenic drugs, you must also consider
the possibility of
a. marijuana withdrawal.
b. amphetamine use.
c. acute depression.
d. nicotine withdrawal.
Answer: b.
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 291
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Applied
11.1.34. Prolonged use of amphetamines has been linked to an increase in violent behavior, but it is not
easy to interpret this link because
a. there are many different definitions of violence.

b. people are usually not willing to admit that they have taken amphetamines.
c. the violence could be due to a drug user's lifestyle, not the drug itself.
d. very few people actually engage in prolonged use of amphetamines.
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 292
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Factual
11.1.35. Alex is listening to a lecture on the history of opiate drugs, and he learns something that he finds
very surprising. What has he heard the lecturer say?
a. "Heroin is a synthetic opiate made from morphine."

b. "Heroin has actually been legally available by prescription in the U.S. for years."
c. "Heroin is a synthetic drug that was originally developed as an antidepressant."
d. "Heroin is not really an opiate because it is synthetic and does not actually come from poppies."
Answer: a.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 292
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Conceptual
11.1.36. The active substances in opium are
442
a. LSD and PCP.
b. cocaine and heroin.
c. codeine and morphine.
d. marijuana and cocaine.
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 292
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Conceptual
11.1.37. A research participant in a study of drug effects has experienced a brief, intense, dreamlike
euphoria with a sense of increased visual and auditory sensitivity. The brief sense of pleasure is very
powerful. Which drug has this subject likely received?
a. PCP
b. LSD
c. heroin
d. cocaine
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 292
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Conceptual
11.1.38. Which category of drugs is made up of those used to treat anxiety disorders and sleeping
problems?
a. opiates
b. stimulants
c. benzodiazepines
d. selective serotonin reuptake blockers
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 293
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Factual
11.1.39. The families of drugs that include barbiturates and benzodiazepines are also known informally as
a. opiates.
b. sedatives.
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c. narcotics.
d. neuroleptics.
Answer: b.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 293
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Factual
11.1.40. People who stop taking relatively high doses of benzodiazepines can experience an abrupt return
of the original anxiety they were using the drugs to suppress. This is called
a. a return of the repressed.

b. high anxiety.
c. the rebound anxiety syndrome.
d. a discontinuance syndrome.
Answer: d.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 294
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Conceptual
11.1.41. What is the most common active ingredient in marijuana?
a. LSD
b. PCP
c. THC
d. LOB
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 294
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Factual
11.1.42. Cannabis intoxication is often accompanied by temporal disintegration. This means that
a. the drug breaks down quickly in the body.

b. people have trouble retaining and organizing information.
c. intoxication can quickly lead to a nervous breakdown.
d. intoxication leads to social withdrawal and isolation.
Answer: b.
Difficulty: 1
444
Page Reference: 294
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Factual
11.1.43. Follow-up studies of adults who used cannabis over a period of several years
a. found some evidence of cognitive decline associated with the drug.

b. did not find evidence of cognitive decline associated with the drug.
c. found evidence of brain damage in several areas of the central nervous system.
d. found evidence of cognitive enhancement in creative skills.
Answer: a.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 294
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Conceptual
11.1.44. While out in the wild, a group of vacationers pick some mushrooms. Later in the day, they use
them in cooking the evening meal. Several members of the group begin to experience strange sensations
and even hallucinations. The drug in the mushrooms was most likely
a. PCP.
b. marijuana.
c. psilocybin.
d. exogenous opiates.
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 294
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Applied
11.1.45. Which of the following is likely to be experienced while under the influence of MDMA, also
known as ecstasy?
a. trouble retaining and organizing information

b. increased aggressive behaviors
c. difficulty regulating body temperature
d. vivid hallucinations
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 295
Topic: Symptoms
445
Skill: Conceptual
11.1.46. What hallucinogen, at high doses, can induce psychotic behavior, including delusional thinking,
catatonic behavior, manic excitement, and sudden mood changes?
a. LSD
b. PCP
c. cocaine
d. alcohol
Answer: b.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 295
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Factual
11.1.47. You are a psychologist for a drug treatment program aimed at adolescents. In evaluating new
clients, you would be most concerned about the long-term continuous use of which substance?
a. PCP
b. psilocybin mushrooms
c. LSD
d. MDMA
Answer: a.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 295
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Applied
11.1.48. People who stop taking hallucinogens after continued use
a. usually experience flashbacks.

b. show significant withdrawal effects.
c. often return to drug use.
d. show no withdrawal effects.
Answer: d.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 295
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Conceptual
446
11.1.49. What evidence led developers of DSM-5 to remove the distinction between substance abuse and
substance dependence?
a. Substance abuse was moved to the impulse control disorders section.

b. Substance abuse was removed because abusers do not suffer serious impairment.
c. People who abuse substances are always dependent on substances.
d. Evidence suggests dependence and abuse are not clearly distinct forms of disorder.
Answer: d.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 296
Topic: Diagnosis
Skill: Conceptual
LO 11.3: Where is the boundary between substance use disorders and recreational drug use?
11.1.50. Which of the following must a person exhibit in order to be diagnosed with alcohol use disorder
in DSM-5?
a. hallucinations
b. difficulty regulating body temperature
c. a problematic pattern of use
d. high levels of anxiety
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 297
Topic: Diagnosis
Skill: Factual
11.1.51. Tolerance and withdrawal are considered the __________ criteria included in the definition of
alcohol use disorder.
a. impaired control
b. social impairment
c. pharmacological
d. risky use
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 297
Topic: Diagnosis
Skill: Conceptual
11.1.52. Mindy was just arrested for driving while intoxicated (DWI). Why would we not necessarily
diagnose Mindy with an alcohol use disorder?
447
a. She is female, and alcohol use disorder is only seen in males.
b. DSM excludes DWI as a criterion for alcohol use disorder.
c. DSM requires a recurrent pattern of problematic use.
d. Intoxication is not pathological.
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 297
Topic: Diagnosis
Skill: Applied
11.1.53. The workgroup that prepared the definition of substance use disorders that is used in DSM-5
collapsed substance dependence and substance abuse into a single disorder with a continuous range of
severity. In the case of alcohol, this disorder is called
a. delirium tremens.
b. alcohol use disorder.
c. Korsakoff's disorder.
d. alcoholism.
Answer: b.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 296
Topic: Diagnosis
Skill: Conceptual
11.1.54. Although the course of alcoholism is different in every individual, nearly all cases of alcoholism
involve
a. onset before age 20.

b. antisocial behavior.
c. a predictable sequence of phases.
d. alternating periods of heavy use and abstinence.
Answer: d.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 297
Topic: Diagnosis
Skill: Factual
11.1.55. What pattern of drinking-related behavior was reported by Vaillant in his longitudinal study of
males?
a. Most of the men stopped drinking prior to age 30.

b. Those who remained abstinent for six years were unlikely to relapse.
448
c. The majority of the men drank so heavily, they were dead before the age of 40.
d. The rate of abstinence was low and changed little over the course of the follow-up.
Answer: b.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 298
Topic: Diagnosis
Skill: Factual
11.1.56. Which problems commonly occur along with alcoholism?
a. schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

b. adjustment disorder and somatization disorder
c. mood disorder and antisocial personality disorder
d. dependent personality disorder and specific phobia
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 298
Topic: Diagnosis
Skill: Factual
11.1.57. Why are amphetamines the most serious drug problem in Japan?
a. Amphetamines are readily available as over-the-counter diet aids.

b. There is a limited amount of land for cultivation of plant-based drugs; since amphetamines are
synthetic drugs, they are more easily available.
c. Government agencies have managed to intercept most shipments of drugs that have a detectable
odor.
d. These drugs have a long history of use by people who want to boost their energy so that they can
work an increased number of hours.
Answer: b.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 299
Topic: Frequency
Skill: Factual
11.1.58. As a behavioral advisor to the World Health Organization, you are required to assess drug use
and abuse in indigenous populations. You have been assigned to study the South American natives’ use of
coca leaves, which are part of the plant from which cocaine is derived. In reading about past findings, you
discover that these native groups
a. have very few drug use problems.

b. have very serious drug use problems.
449
c. are so hostile to the World Health Organization that no studies have been done.
d. have almost been wiped out due to local drug wars.
Answer: a.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 299
Topic: Frequency
Skill: Applied
11.1.59. You have been asked to design a targeted drug prevention program. Your task is to decide on
which sex, if any, should receive more attention. You decide that it depends on which drug or drugs are
under consideration and that
a. for alcohol abuse only, the focus should be on women, who have a higher rate of alcohol abuse.
b. for drug abuse, in general, the focus should be on women, who have a higher rate than men.
c. for drug abuse, in general, the focus should be on men, who have the highest rate.
d. for drug abuse, in general, the rates are equal, so each sex will have to be targeted.
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 300
Topic: Frequency
Skill: Applied
11.1.60. Out of all men and women who have ever used alcohol, approximately ____ percent will
develop serious alcohol related problems.
a. 10
b. 20
c. 30
d. 50
Answer: b.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 299
Topic: Frequency
Skill: Factual
11.1.61. According to the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, the
lifetime prevalence of alcohol abuse is approximately what percentage of the general population?
a. 5
b. 15
c. 30
d. 50
450
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 299
Topic: Frequency
Skill: Factual
11.1.62. Alcohol-related disorders are
a. on the decline in the United States.

b. relatively rare forms of mental disorders.
c. among the most common forms of mental disorders in the United States.
d. not studied extensively enough to draw firm conclusions.
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 299
Topic: Frequency
Skill: Conceptual
11.1.63. How does the rate of alcohol problems compare in men and women?
a. Although the difference in the rates is narrowing, the rate is still much higher among men.
b. The rate is much higher among males, and the difference in rates between males and females is
growing larger.
c. Community surveys indicate that the rates are virtually identical.
d. Although in the past males have had much higher rates, females now have higher rates.
Answer: a.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 300
Topic: Frequency
Skill: Conceptual
11.1.64. Dwayne and Rhonda each weigh 150 pounds. They go out drinking and each has three beers.
According to your textbook, why does Rhonda become intoxicated sooner?
a. Men's bodies have lower water content.

b. Women's bodies have lower water content.
c. Men's digestive functioning is less efficient.
d. Women's digestive functioning is less efficient.
Answer: b.
Difficulty: 1
451
Page Reference: 300
Topic: Frequency
Skill: Conceptual
11.1.65. According the National Comorbidity Study, the lifetime prevalence of nicotine dependence is
approximately ______ percent.
a. 2
b. 12
c. 24
d. 40
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 300
Topic: Frequency
Skill: Factual
11.1.66. Which of the following statements is most accurate?
a. Younger people do not drink as much alcohol as older people drink.

b. Older people do not drink as much alcohol as younger people drink.
c. Younger men drink less alcohol than older men drink.
d. There is not a significant difference in the drinking habits between young and old.
Answer: b.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 300
Topic: Frequency
Skill: Factual
LO 11.4: In what ways are drug problems different among the elderly?
11.1.67. Which age group has the highest prevalence rates for alcohol dependence?
a. adolescents
b. the elderly
c. young adults
d. the middle aged
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 300
Topic: Frequency
Skill: Factual
452
11.1.68. Which of the following are you most likely to find among the elderly in the United States?
a. higher rates of alcohol abuse than among younger people

b. higher rates of drug abuse than among younger people
c. prescription drug abuse and dependence
d. illegal drug abuse and dependence
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 301
Topic: Frequency
Skill: Conceptual
11.1.69. Which of the following characteristics are strong predictors of adolescents' initial
experimentation with drugs?
a. extroversion and agreeableness

b. introversion and impulsiveness
c. rebelliousness and extroversion
d. introversion and conscientiousness
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 303
Topic: Causes
Skill: Conceptual
LO 11.5: What are the most important risk factors for alcoholism?
11.1.70. Why are investigators interested in the fast flush phenomenon?
a. It is often seen in people of Asian ancestry and might explain why they drink less.
b. It is often seen in people of Asian ancestry and might explain why they drink more.
c. It is often seen in young people and might explain why they drink more.
d. It is often seen in females and might explain why they drink less.
Answer: a.
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 303
Topic: Causes
Skill: Applied
11.1.71. The lifetime prevalence of alcoholism among families of alcoholics is higher than in the general
population, by a factor of about
a. 2.
b. 3 to 5.
453
c. 10 to15.
d. 20.
Answer: b.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 303
Topic: Causes
Skill: Factual
11.1.72. What have researchers concluded from research on the concordance rates of monozygotic (MZ)
and dizygotic (DZ) twins?
a. The role for genetics is much larger for males than it is for females.
b. Genetic factors play a small role in etiology of alcoholism among women.
c. Similar concordance rates for MZ and DZ twins suggest no significant role for genetics.
d. Concordance rates suggest a role for genetics, and higher concordance rates among males reflect
the higher prevalence of alcoholism among males.
Answer: d.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 304
Topic: Causes
Skill: Conceptual
11.1.73. What is the estimated heritability of serious alcohol-related problems?
a. 13 percent
b. 33 percent
c. 66 percent
d. 86 percent
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 304
Topic: Causes
Skill: Factual
11.1.74. Genetic factors in the cause of alcohol abuse could be somewhat indirect. It has been suggested,
for example, that genes that influence __________________ may cause a person to be more likely to risk
alcohol dependence.
a. intelligence
b. depression
c. ADHD
d. sensation seeking
454
Answer: d.
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 304
Topic: Causes
Skill: Applied
11.1.75. In the absence of other etiological factors for alcohol use disorder, being raised by an alcoholic
parent
a. still significantly increases the chance of developing the disorder.

b. does not appear to be a critical consideration in the development of the disorder.
c. increases the risk of alcohol dependence, but decreases the risk of abuse.
d. reduces the risk of alcohol related problems but increases the risk of drug related problems.
Answer: b.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 304
Topic: Causes
Skill: Applied
11.1.76. Which of the following conclusions about the genetics of alcohol use disorders can be
legitimately drawn from adoption studies?
a. Genetics do not play a very significant role.

b. There appears to be a strong association between genetics and the etiology of alcohol use
disorder.
c. Being reared by an alcoholic parent can fully account for the known risk.
d. There is too much inconsistency in the studies to allow us to draw any conclusions.
Answer: b.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 304
Topic: Causes
Skill: Factual
11.1.77. Scientists who study the biological basis of addiction have devoted considerable attention to
understanding the rewarding properties of drugs. Much of this attention has focused on
a. serotonin.
b. dopamine.
c. norepinephrine.
d. GABA.
Answer: b.
455
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 304
Topic: Causes
Skill: Factual
11.1.78. You have access to an fMRI facility and plan to study brain regions associated with drug
addiction. You advise your team that it would be wise to focus on the
a. reward pathways of the brain.

b. hippocampus.
c. cerebellum.
d. substantia nigra.
Answer: a.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 304
Topic: Causes
Skill: Applied
11.1.79. What evidence has been cited by scientists who propose that alcoholism is related to endogenous
opioid production?
a. Alcohol is an opioid derivative.

b. Rats given morphine refuse alcohol.
c. The symptoms of withdrawal from alcohol and heroin are similar.
d. Opioid-antagonists can reduce the subjective "high" of drinking.
Answer: d.
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 306
Topic: Causes
Skill: Applied
11.1.80. Several genes that affect the reception of which neurotransmitter have been seen to correlate with
the risk of alcohol dependence?
a. norepinephrine
b. GABA
c. serotonin
d. MAO
Answer: b.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 305
456
Topic: Causes
Skill: Factual
11.1.81. Some theorists associate alcoholism with exaggerated activation of an endogenous system in
response to alcohol stimulation. Which system do they suggest?
a. the alcohol system

b. the dopamine system
c. the opiod system
d. the amygdala system
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 306
Topic: Causes
Skill: Conceptual
11.1.82. Traditional learning theory has held that people drink because
a. parents model drinking behavior.

b. drinking is reinforced by stress reduction.
c. abstinence is punished through social disapproval.
d. drinking is on an intermittent reinforcement schedule.
Answer: b.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 306
Topic: Causes
Skill: Conceptual
11.1.83. A researcher is using the balanced placebo design to investigate the effects of alcohol on
aggression. What has this research added to our knowledge of alcohol?
a. Given a choice, most participants prefer tonic to alcohol.

b. Expectations play an important role in the effects attributed to alcohol.
c. Alcohol has powerful placebo effects in the treatment of many medical conditions.
d. The effects of alcohol are the result of an inherited failure to metabolize the drug.
Answer: b.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 306
Topic: Causes
Skill: Applied
457
11.1.84. Longitudinal studies of adolescent alcohol use and their expectancy patterns have found that
a. those with positive expectations go on to consume greater amounts of alcohol.

b. those with negative expectations go on to consume greater amounts of alcohol.
c. those with positive expectations go on to consume lesser amounts of alcohol.
d. those who consume greater amounts of alcohol go on to have more positive expectations.
Answer: a.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 306-307
Topic: Causes
Skill: Conceptual
11.1.85. A team of researchers has decided to employ the high-risk research design in a longitudinal study
of adolescent alcohol use. What will these researchers have to do to conduct such a study?
a. put their subjects in risky situations

b. select subjects based on the presence of specific risk factors
c. take the risk of investigating an unlikely cause
d. assess the risky behaviors displayed by the subjects
Answer: b.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 307
Topic: Causes
Skill: Conceptual
11.1.86. The treatment of alcoholism and other types of substance use disorders is an especially difficult
task because
a. no effective treatment techniques have been developed.

b. it is unethical to use drugs in the treatment of substance use disorders.
c. many people with substance use disorders do not acknowledge their difficulties.
d. very few professionals have any expertise in the treatment of substance use disorders.
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 308
Topic: Treatment
Skill: Conceptual
LO 11.6: How does AA differ from other approaches to treating alcoholism?
11.1.87. One of the controversies involving the treatment of substance use disorders is whether
a. total abstinence from drinking or drug use is the only acceptable goal.
b. people recovering from substance use disorders should be allowed to treat others.
458
c. treatment should begin before the person has stopped drinking or drug use.
d. it is appropriate to encourage people to seek help when they are not ready to admit to a problem.
Answer: a.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 308
Topic: Treatment
Skill: Conceptual
11.1.88. Detoxification refers to
a. psychotherapy for substance abuse.

b. symptoms of withdrawal from drug dependence.
c. the removal of a drug on which a person is dependent.
d. deterioration of brain tissue secondary to drug abuse.
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 308
Topic: Treatment
Skill: Factual
11.1.89. What is Antabuse?
a. a safe substitute for alcohol

b. a 12‑step program for alcoholism
c. a drug that blocks the breakdown of alcohol
d. a drug that induces an altered state of consciousness
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 309
Topic: Treatment
Skill: Factual
11.1.90. What is likely to occur if Javier takes Antabuse and then has a shot of whiskey?
a. He will become aggressive.

b. He will become violently ill.
c. He will become intoxicated more quickly.
d. He will not feel the effects of the alcohol.
Answer: b.
Difficulty: 2
459
Page Reference: 309
Topic: Treatment
Skill: Applied
11.1.91. What is one of the major problems in treating alcoholism with Antabuse?
a. The treatment has a high mortality rate.

b. Voluntary compliance with drug taking is low.
c. The side effects of the drug include tardive dyskinesia.
d. The treatment must be court ordered.
Answer: b.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 309
Topic: Treatment
Skill: Factual
11.1.92. A relative was admitted to the hospital and given doses of naltrexone for problems related to
alcohol. How will this drug affect the man?
a. It will block the action of GABA.

b. It will block the action of norepinephrine.
c. It will increase levels of dopamine in the brain.
d. It will decrease the level of endogenous opioids.
Answer: d.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 309
Topic: Treatment
Skill: Applied
11.1.93. In the long term treatment of alcoholic patients, SSRIs
a. appear to be very helpful.

b. can significantly reduce the occurrence of acute withdrawal symptoms.
c. can be helpful with patients who also have a diagnosis of major depression.
d. have not been shown to be of any value.
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 309
Topic: Treatment
Skill: Applied
460
11.1.94. What is the first step of Alcoholics Anonymous’s 12-step program?
a. seeing a psychotherapist
b. checking into a hospital detox program
c. admitting that one is powerless over alcohol
d. recognizing that one must recover on one's own
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 309
Topic: Treatment
Skill: Factual
11.1.95. What is an underlying notion that supports the 12-step program of Alcoholics Anonymous?
a. spiritual ideas about recovery

b. psychological theories of defense mechanisms
c. biological evidence of changes accompanying abstinence
d. scientific evidence of cognitive changes accompanying abstinence
Answer: a.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 309
Topic: Treatment
Skill: Conceptual
11.1.96. What is one principal assumption of Alcoholics Anonymous?
a. People cannot recover on their own.

b. The first step is to improve overall physical health.
c. Only mental health professionals are successful in treating alcoholism.
d. Treatment must include a biological intervention, such as Antabuse.
Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 309
Topic: Treatment
Skill: Factual
11.1.97. Barbara is seeing a therapist to help her with her drinking problem, and her therapist is trying to
improve Barbara’s social skills and ability to solve problems. This therapist is probably a
a. psychiatrist.
b. recovering alcoholic.
c. cognitive behavior therapist.
461
d. motivational counselor.
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 310
Topic: Treatment
Skill: Applied
11.1.98. The cognitive behavioral model of relapse prevention is concerned with the abstinence violation
effect. What is the abstinence violation effect?
a. a patient's tendency to lie about concealed drinking

b. the fact that drinking in public is illegal in some states
c. a patient's feeling that he or she is being controlled by the therapist
d. the pattern of going back to chronic drinking if one slips up even a little
Answer: d.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 310
Topic: Treatment
Skill: Conceptual
11.1.99. Rebecca is trying to recover from alcoholism. Her therapist is attempting to help her reduce the
abstinence violation effect. This is a problem for Rebecca because as soon as she has even a small drink,
she thinks,
a. "I am a worthless person."

b. "I can recover on my own; I don't need help."
c. "I'm only doing something wrong if it's illegal."
d. "I've messed up; I may as well go ahead and get drunk."
Answer: d.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 310
Topic: Treatment
Skill: Applied
11.1.100. At the mental health center, a young man will begin what is called motivational interviewing.
What can this man expect during the session that will follow?
a. Several members of law enforcement organizations will "lay it out" for this client: either he
"shapes up or he will go to jail."
b. A physician will try to ascertain the reasons behind this man's failure to comply with instructions
to take Antabuse on a daily basis.
462
c. Using a nonconfrontational approach, an interviewer will help him to resolve his ambivalence
about using drugs and to make a definite commitment to change.
d. A number of recovered drug addicts will confront him with what awaits if he does not change his
ways.
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 311
Topic: Treatment
Skill: Applied
11.1.101. Comprehensive reviews of the research literature regarding treatment of alcoholism and drug
abuse tell us that
a. most people in treatment show long-term improvement.

b. many people improve for a while, but relapse is common.
c. success rates are higher for alcoholism than for drug abuse.
d. success rates are higher for drug abuse than for alcoholism.
Answer: b.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 312
Topic: Treatment
Skill: Factual
LO 11.7: What factors predict better long-term outcome for treatment of alcoholism?
11.1.102. What is the general conclusion on research designed to match certain types of patients to
particular alcohol treatment programs?
a. There is little evidence for the effectiveness of matching.

b. The primary variable predicting treatment success is the accuracy of the match.
c. The success of these matches depends primarily on the client's level of comorbid conditions.
d. Age, socioeconomic status, and other demographic factors are the key to creating a good match.
Answer: a.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 311
Topic: Treatment
Skill: Conceptual
11.1.103. Comprehensive reviews of the research literature regarding treatment of alcoholism and drug
abuse tell us that
a. in-patient treatment is more effective than out-patient treatment.

b. professional treatment is more effective than self-help approaches such as AA.
463
c. treatment aimed at reducing alcohol or drug use is more effective than treatment aimed at total
abstinence.
d. there is little evidence to suggest that one form of treatment is more effective than another.
Answer: d.
Difficulty: 1
Topic: Treatment
Skill: Factual
11.1.104. Successful long-term outcome for the treatment of alcoholism is best predicted by
a. how much treatment the person receives.

b. whether the person can afford private treatment.
c. the person's coping resources and available social support.
d. the severity of the negative consequences that will motivate the person to seek help.
Answer: c.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 312
Topic: Treatment
Skill: Factual
11.1.105. Gambling disorder was moved to the chapter on substance-related and addictive disorders
because
a. all gambling is seen as a mental disorder.

b. people with serious gambling problems often suffer from substance use disorders.
c. behavioral addictions involve the same exposure of toxic chemicals on the brain.
d. all of the impulse control disorders were moved along with gambling disorder.
Answer: b.
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 312
Topic: Gambling Disorder
Skill: Factual
Short Answer
11.2.106. Addiction and dependence are older terms that are often used to describe problems such as
alcoholism. These terms have been replaced in official terminology by the term __________.
Answer: substance use disorder

Difficulty: 2
464
Page Reference: 285
Topic: Overview
Skill: Factual
11.2.107. A term that is frequently used to describe a forceful urge to use drugs is a(n)__________.
Answer: craving
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 287
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Conceptual
11.2.108. The symptoms that can be thought of as the "flip side" of tolerance symptoms are known as
__________.
Answer: withdrawal
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 288
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Conceptual
11.2.109. Some theorists have suggested that nicotine mimics the effects of which class of psychoactive
medications?
Answer: antidepressants
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 290
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Conceptual
11.2.110. Cocaine is a member of a group of drugs known as __________ stimulants.
Answer: psychomotor
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 291
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Factual
11.2.111. The dried leaves and/or flowers of a cannabis plant are know as __________.
Answer: marijuana
Difficulty: 1
465
Page Reference: 294
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Factual
11.2.112. ___________ refers to the dried resin from the top of the female cannabis plant.
Answer: Hashish
Difficulty: 1
Page Reference: 294
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Factual
11.2.113. ____________ disorder (the childhood manifestation of ASPD) is strongly related to the
subsequent development of alcohol dependence.
Answer: Conduct
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 298
Topic: Diagnosis
Skill: Conceptual
11.2.114. Natural rewards, such as food and sex, as well as many drugs of abuse increase __________
levels in brain reward pathways.
Answer: dopamine
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 305
Topic: Causes
Skill: Factual
11.2.115. One of the most interesting and important advances in neuroscience research was the discovery
of the endogenous opioids known as __________.
Answer: endorphins and enkephalins

Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 306
Topic: Causes
Skill: Factual
11.2.116. Abstinence during a treatment program that allows for the removal of a drug on which a person
has become dependent is known as __________.
466
Answer: detoxification
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 308
Topic: Treatment
Skill: Factual
Essay
11.3.117. What are the symptoms and causes of withdrawal? Which drugs cause serious signs of
withdrawal?
Answer: The symptoms occur when a person stops taking a drug, and they can persist for days. If
a heavy drinker stops drinking alcohol, he may experience hand tremors, sweating, nausea,
anxiety, and insomnia. The especially serious symptoms include convulsions and hallucinations.
In some cases, delirium may develop. The symptoms of withdrawal related to other drugs vary.
Withdrawal symptoms are most obvious for alcohol, opioids, and sedatives, hypnotics, and
anxiolytics. Withdrawal signs are not often seen after repeated use of cannabis or hallucinogens
and can be relatively light for cocaine. When an individual uses a psychoactive drug, the body,
especially the brain, reacts against it. This process, known as tolerance, has the effect of reducing
the impact of the drug. When this person stops taking the drug, the processes that caused his
tolerance are still in place until his body has a chance to undo them. During this period of time,
the individual will experience symptoms that are essentially the opposite of taking the drug,
which are called withdrawal symptoms.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 288
Topic: Symptoms
Skill: Conceptual
11.3.118. Discuss the other disorders commonly associated with substance use disorders.
Answer: People with substance use disorders often exhibit other forms of mental disorder as well.
Most prominent among these are antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), mood disorders, and
anxiety disorders. Conduct disorder is strongly related to concurrent alcohol use in adolescence
and the subsequent development of alcohol dependence. ASPD and alcohol/drug dependence
frequently co-occur, and there is evidence to suggest that they represent alternative manifestations
of a general predisposition toward behavioral disinhibition.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 298
Topic: Diagnosis
Skill: Conceptual
11.3.119. Discuss cultural differences in alcohol-related problems.
467
Answer: People who don’t drink obviously won’t develop alcoholism, and culture can influence
that decision. Some cultures prohibit or actively discourage alcohol consumption. Many Muslims,
for example, believe that drinking alcohol is sinful. Other religions encourage the use of small
amounts of alcohol in religious ceremonies—such as Jewish people drinking wine at Passover
Seders—while also showing disdain for those who drink to the point of intoxication. This type of
cultural constraint can decrease rates of alcohol use disorder. In one large epidemiological study,
for example, Jews had significantly lower rates of alcoholism than Catholics and Protestants.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 302
Topic: Causes
Skill: Conceptual
11.3.120. Discuss the ways that parent behaviors influence the likelihood that an adolescent will abuse
substances.
Answer: Parents can influence their children’s drinking behaviors in many ways. They can serve
as models for using drugs to cope with stressful circumstances. They may also help promote
attitudes and expectations regarding the benefits of drug consumption, or they may simply
provide access to licit or illicit drugs. Adolescents with alcoholic parents are more likely to drink
alcohol than those whose parents do not abuse alcohol. This increased risk seems to be due to
several factors, including the fact that alcoholic parents monitor their children’s behavior less
closely, thereby providing more opportunities for illicit drinking. Parental monitoring and
discipline have an important impact on adolescent substance use; higher parental monitoring is
associated with reduced risk of tobacco and alcohol use.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 303
Topic: Causes
Skill: Conceptual
11.3.121. Review the evidence for the role of the brain's reward systems in a model of the cause of drug
addiction in general.
Answer: A good deal of research into the etiology of drug abuse and addiction focuses on the
brain’s reward systems. Older models of drug addiction looked at the effects of tolerance and
withdrawal, but more recent research suggests that drugs that have the potential to contribute to
addiction all share the property of directly or indirectly facilitating the firing of the brain’s reward
centers. One primary circuit in this pathway is the medial forebrain bundle, which connects the
ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens. Connections from these structures to the frontal
and prefrontal cortex as well as areas of the limbic system, such as the amygdala, also moderate
the influence of reward. For many years, scientists have known electrical stimulation of the
medial forebrain bundle can serve as a powerful source of positive reinforcement for animals.
Now they know that addictive drugs injected into the mesolimbic dopamine pathway also act as
powerful positive reinforcers. Different drugs produce these rewarding effects in different ways.
Amphetamines, for example, block the reuptake of dopamine in the reward circuits which causes
an increase in the firing of reward messages. Measures of brain concentrations of dopamine
increase in the medial prefrontal cortex and the limbic system after ingesting cocaine. Alcohol, on
the other hand, does fire these same reward systems, but much more indirectly. Its main effect is
468
on the neurotransmitter GABA. Alcohol seems to eventually reduce the activity of GABA, which
would normally inhibit the firing of pleasure systems. Some theorists associate alcoholism with
exaggerated activation of the endogenous opioid system in response to alcohol consumption.
Studies have suggested that blocking opioid receptors reduces an animal’s interest in alcohol.
Overall there is considerable empirical and clinical evidence that points to a central role of the
brain’s pleasure circuits in the creation of the craving that is the hallmark of current models of
drug addiction.
Difficulty: 2
Topic: Causes
Skill: Conceptual
11.3.122. Discuss what balanced placebo and longitudinal designs can tell us about the possible role of
expectations as factors in both alcohol and drug effects and in the onset of alcohol and drug problems.
Answer: Using the balanced placebo design, researchers have shown that subjects' expectations
about how a drug will affect their behavior can account for many of the effects that are usually
attributed to the drug itself. For example, subjects who believed they had ingested alcohol but
who had actually consumed only tonic water displayed exaggerated aggression and reported
enhanced feelings of sexual arousal. Expectations may constitute one of the primary reasons for
continued and increasingly heavy consumption of alcoholic beverages. Longitudinal studies have
found that adolescents who initially have the most positive expectations about the effects of
alcohol go on to consume greater amounts of alcoholic beverages.
Difficulty: 3
Page Reference: 306
Topic: Causes
Skill: Conceptual
11.3.123. Describe the uses of short-term motivational therapy in the treatment of substance use disorders.
Answer: Many people with substance use disorders do not seek or take full advantage of
treatment opportunities because they fail to recognize the severity of their problems. Motivational
interviewing is a nonconfrontational procedure that can be used to help people resolve their
ambivalence about using drugs and make a definite commitment to change their behavior. The
procedure is based on the notion that in order to make a meaningful change, people must begin by
recognizing the inconsistency between their current behavior and their long-term goals. For
example, chronic heavy drinking is not compatible with academic or occupational success.
Motivational interviewing begins with a discussion of problems--issues reported by the patient as
well as concerns that have been expressed by others, such as friends and family members. The
person is asked to reflect on feedback that is provided in a non-threatening way. The therapist
does not confront the person, argue about the reasons for drinking, or demand action. Instead, the
therapist responds empathically in an effort to avoid or minimize defensive reactions that will
interfere with attempts to change.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 311
Topic: Treatment
469
Skill: Conceptual
11.3.124. Describe the differences between the DSM-IV and DSM-5 definitions of gambling disorder.
Answer: There are two noteworthy differences between the definitions of gambling disorder that
appeared in the previous version of the manual (DSM-IV) and the current manual. First, one
diagnostic criterion—illegal acts—was dropped from the previous list. That feature stipulated that
the person “has committed illegal acts such as forgery, fraud, theft, or embezzlement to finance
gambling.” Research studies demonstrated that the illegal acts criterion was rarely endorsed, was
only associated with the most severe cases, and was not useful in distinguishing between people
who do and who do not seek treatment for gambling. Second, the threshold for a diagnosis was
dropped from five features to four. Empirical data support the validity of this change.
Difficulty: 2
Page Reference: 314
Topic: Gambling Disorder
Skill: Conceptual
470

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Abnormal Psychology 8th Edition

Oltmanns Test Bank

a. substance use disorder

11.1.3. DSM-5 defines substance use disorders in terms of

11.1.6. Polysubstance abuse refers to abuse of

11.1.8. What type of drug is alcohol?

11.1.12.Ernest Hemingway, whose case is presented in your textbook, suffered from

a. legal involvement due to drinking

11.1.14. Which of the following is an example of psychological dependence on alcohol?

a. not wanting to drink alone

a. the amount of alcohol they drink

11.1.16. Tolerance for a psychoactive substance refers to

a. anhedonia, hallucinations, and delusions

11.1.28. What is a blackout?

a. losing consciousness and passing out

a. Alcohol is responsible for relatively few deaths directly.

11.1.30. What is the physiological basis of the short-term effects of nicotine?

a. blocks the release of GABA and acetylcholine

11.1.32. Why are cocaine and amphetamines called stimulant drugs?

a. They activate the sympathetic nervous system.

a. there are many different definitions of violence.

a. "Heroin is a synthetic opiate made from morphine."

11.1.36. The active substances in opium are

a. a return of the repressed.

11.1.41. What is the most common active ingredient in marijuana?

a. the drug breaks down quickly in the body.

a. found some evidence of cognitive decline associated with the drug.

a. trouble retaining and organizing information

11.1.48. People who stop taking hallucinogens after continued use

a. usually experience flashbacks.

a. Substance abuse was moved to the impulse control disorders section.

a. onset before age 20.

a. Most of the men stopped drinking prior to age 30.

11.1.56. Which problems commonly occur along with alcoholism?

a. schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

a. Amphetamines are readily available as over-the-counter diet aids.

a. have very few drug use problems.

11.1.62. Alcohol-related disorders are

a. on the decline in the United States.

a. Men's bodies have lower water content.

11.1.66. Which of the following statements is most accurate?

a. Younger people do not drink as much alcohol as older people drink.

a. higher rates of alcohol abuse than among younger people

a. extroversion and agreeableness

11.1.70. Why are investigators interested in the fast flush phenomenon?

11.1.73. What is the estimated heritability of serious alcohol-related problems?

a. still significantly increases the chance of developing the disorder.

a. Genetics do not play a very significant role.

a. reward pathways of the brain.

a. Alcohol is an opioid derivative.

a. the alcohol system

a. parents model drinking behavior.

a. Given a choice, most participants prefer tonic to alcohol.

a. those with positive expectations go on to consume greater amounts of alcohol.

a. put their subjects in risky situations

a. no effective treatment techniques have been developed.

11.1.88. Detoxification refers to

a. psychotherapy for substance abuse.

11.1.89. What is Antabuse?