EXACT DE

First Order DE

Farisse P. Macam
OBJECTIVE:
Solve first order differential
equations that are exact.
 STEP ONE
1 Check if the DE is Exact (Show that
𝜕𝑀
𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑁
= 𝜕𝑥 )

3 𝑦
Given: 𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑥
𝑦
𝑀 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑥3 + 𝑁 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑦 2 + 𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑥
𝜕𝑀 1 𝜕𝑁 1
=0+ =0+
𝜕𝑦 𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝑥
𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
𝜕𝑀 1 𝜕𝑁 1 Since = , the DE is exact.
= = 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑦 𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝑥
𝜕𝑔(𝑥,𝑦) 3 𝑦 𝜕𝑔(𝑥,𝑦)
Let = 𝑥 + ; = 𝑦 2 + 𝑙𝑛𝑥 ; 𝑔 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑐
𝜕𝑥 𝑥 𝜕𝑦
 STEP TWO
2 Find g(x,y)
𝜕𝑔(𝑥, 𝑦) 3
𝑦
= 𝑥 +
𝜕𝑥 𝑥
𝜕𝑔(𝑥,𝑦) 3 𝑦
= (𝑥 + )dx
𝜕𝑥 𝑥

1 4
𝑔 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑙𝑛𝑥 + ℎ(𝑦)
4

𝜕𝑔(𝑥,𝑦) 3 𝑦 𝜕𝑔(𝑥,𝑦)
Let = 𝑥 + ; = 𝑦 2 + 𝑙𝑛𝑥 ; 𝑔 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑐
𝜕𝑥 𝑥 𝜕𝑦
 STEP THREE
1 4
𝑔 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑙𝑛𝑥 + ℎ(𝑦)
3 Find h(y) 4

1 4
𝑔 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑙𝑛𝑥 + ℎ(𝑦) 𝑦 2 = ℎ′(𝑦)
4
𝜕𝑔(𝑥, 𝑦) ℎ′(𝑦) = 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
= 0 + 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + ℎ′(𝑦)
𝜕𝑦
2
𝑦 + 𝑙𝑛𝑥 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + ℎ′(𝑦) 𝑦3
ℎ 𝑦 = +𝑘
3
𝑦 2 + 𝑙𝑛𝑥 − 𝑙𝑛𝑥 = ℎ′(𝑦)

𝜕𝑔(𝑥,𝑦) 3 𝑦 𝜕𝑔(𝑥,𝑦)
Let = 𝑥 + ; = 𝑦 2 + 𝑙𝑛𝑥 ; 𝑔 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑐
𝜕𝑥 𝑥 𝜕𝑦
 STEP FOUR
1 4

4
𝑔 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑙𝑛𝑥 + ℎ 𝑦
Find the general solution 4

ℎ 𝑦 =
𝑦3
+𝑘
3

𝑔 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑐
1 4
𝑥 + 𝑦𝑙𝑛𝑥 + ℎ 𝑦 = 𝑐 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑐 − 𝑘 = 𝑏
4
1 4 𝑦3 1 4 𝑦3
𝑥 + 𝑦𝑙𝑛𝑥 + +𝑘 =𝑐 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑙𝑛𝑥 + =𝑏
4 3 4 3

1 4 𝑦3
𝑥 + 𝑦𝑙𝑛𝑥 + =𝑐−𝑘
4 3
𝜕𝑔(𝑥,𝑦) 3 𝑦 𝜕𝑔(𝑥,𝑦)
Let = 𝑥 + ; = 𝑦 2 + 𝑙𝑛𝑥 ; 𝑔 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑐
𝜕𝑥 𝑥 𝜕𝑦