Name:

Gr 10 Date: Time: 𝟏𝟏
𝟏𝟏 𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯
𝟐𝟐
CAPS Reference
Euclidean Geometry
Topic Midpoint Theorem

1. GOT IT! [30 MIN]

Midpoint Theorem

The line segment joining the midpoint of two sides of a triangle is parallel to the
third side and equal to half the third side in length

If Then

𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 = 𝑸𝑸𝑸𝑸 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 = 𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷 𝟏𝟏

𝑸𝑸𝑸𝑸//𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝑸𝑸𝑸𝑸 = 𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩
𝟐𝟐

𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴

𝑄𝑄 𝑃𝑃 𝑄𝑄 𝑥𝑥 𝑃𝑃

2𝑥𝑥
𝐵𝐵 𝐶𝐶 𝐵𝐵 𝐶𝐶

𝑸𝑸𝑸𝑸 is the line segment ∴ 𝑸𝑸𝑸𝑸//𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩

and

𝟏𝟏
𝑸𝑸𝑸𝑸 = 𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩
𝟐𝟐
 Midpoint Theorem Converse

The line that passes through the midpoint of one side of a triangle, parallel to
another side, bisects the third side.

If Then

𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 = 𝑸𝑸𝑸𝑸 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝑸𝑸𝑸𝑸//𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 = 𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷

𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴

𝑄𝑄 𝑃𝑃 𝑄𝑄 𝑃𝑃

𝐵𝐵 𝐶𝐶 𝐵𝐵 𝐶𝐶
Prove:

Prove that the line joining the mid-points of two sides of a triangle is parallel to the
third side and equal to half the length of the third side.

𝐴𝐴

𝐷𝐷 𝐸𝐸

𝐶𝐶
𝐵𝐵

Extend DE to F so that DE = EF and join FC

𝐴𝐴

1 𝐸𝐸
𝐷𝐷 𝐹𝐹
2

𝐶𝐶
𝐵𝐵
Statement Reason

Prove that 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 is a parallelogram

In ∆𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 and ∆𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸

1) 𝐸𝐸�1 = 𝐸𝐸�2 Vertical opposite <s
2) 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 Given
3) 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 Construction
∆𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 ≡ ∆𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 <, 𝑠𝑠, 𝑠𝑠
� 𝐸𝐸 = 𝐶𝐶𝐹𝐹� 𝐸𝐸
∴ 𝐴𝐴𝐷𝐷
∴ 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵// 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 Interior <s of ∆𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴

𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 Given

𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 ∆𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 ≡ ∆𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸
∴ 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
∴ 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑎𝑎 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 One pair of opposite side are equal and //

∴ 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷// 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵

𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 Opposite sides of a parallelogram

𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 2𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 Construction
2𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
1
∴ 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
2
Example:

Find the values of the unknowns in the following. (Give reasons for each statement):

𝐴𝐴

35°

𝐷𝐷 55° 𝐸𝐸
𝑥𝑥

𝑦𝑦
𝐶𝐶
𝐵𝐵 20

Statement Reason

1 Midpoint theorem
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
2
𝑥𝑥 = 10

𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷// 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 Midpoint theorem

� 𝐸𝐸 = 55°
𝐴𝐴𝐷𝐷

2. GO AHEAD [40 MIN]

Find the values of the unknowns in the following. (Give reasons for each statement):

2.1.1
𝐺𝐺

40°

𝑃𝑃 65° 𝑅𝑅
14

𝑥𝑥
𝐽𝐽
𝐻𝐻 𝑦𝑦
2.1.2

𝑃𝑃 𝑂𝑂
70°

𝑦𝑦 𝑥𝑥 𝑅𝑅

56°

𝑇𝑇
𝑄𝑄

2.1.3

𝑈𝑈

48°

𝑥𝑥 𝑅𝑅
𝑆𝑆
6,5
6

𝑉𝑉 𝑊𝑊
𝑦𝑦
2.2 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 30 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐, 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 and 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 // 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 and 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = 8 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐. 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 is a straight line.

Calculate the length of the following.

2.2.1 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷

2.2.2 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴

𝐴𝐴

1 𝐸𝐸
𝐷𝐷 𝐹𝐹
2

𝐶𝐶
𝐵𝐵

3. CHECK YOUR WORK! [20 MIN]

4. HELPFUL VIDEO
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A_1qG0M8gNI