Earth Science 14th Edition Tarbuck Test Bank

Earth Science 14th Edition Tarbuck
Test Bank
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Earth Science, 14e (Tarbuck/Lutgens)
Chapter 9 Volcanoes and Other Igneous Activity
1) In 1980, ________ was the first Cascade Range volcano to erupt since Mt. Lassen in 1915-16.
A) Mt. Rainier
B) Mt. Shasta
C) Kilauea
D) Mt. St. Helens
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: 9.1 Mt. St. Helens Versus Kilauea
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension
2) Which statement about the May, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens is false?
A) During the eruptive period, the mountain peak was substantially built up by new lava flows
and pyroclastic debris.
B) Plumes of ash rose high into the atmosphere during the major eruptive events.
C) Mudflows accompanied the major eruptive events.
D) The most powerful explosive event was preceded by a massive landslide.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 9.1 Mt. St. Helens Versus Kilauea
Bloom's Taxonomy: Application/Analysis
3) Considering the history of Mt. St. Helens and Kilauea volcanoes and your knowledge of
volcano types in different tectonic settings, if you had to live on a volcano, which of the
following would you choose if safety was your only concern?
A) Mt. Spurr in the Aleutian volcanic arc
B) Mt Fujiyama in the Japanese island arc
C) Mt. Rainier in the Cascades just north of Mt. St. Helens
D) Mauna Loa in Hawaii, on the Big Island of Hawaii near Kilauea
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: 9.1 Mt. St. Helens Versus Kilauea and 9.2 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions
4) ________ is the major dissolved volatile constituent in both magmas and volcanic gases.
A) Water
B) Carbon monoxide
C) Hydrogen chloride
D) Methane
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 9.2 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions
1
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
5) Which of the following factors help determine whether a volcanic eruption will be violent or
relatively quiescent?
A) amount of dissolved gas in the magma
B) temperature of the magma
C) composition of the magma
D) all of these
Answer: D
Diff: 1
6) ________ tend to increase the explosive potential of a magma body beneath a volcano.
A) High viscosity and dissolved gas
B) High viscosity and low dissolved gas content
C) Low silica content and low viscosity
D) Low viscosity and low dissolved gas content
Answer: A
Diff: 1
7) Which magma type would generally have the lowest viscosity?

A) basalt
B) andesite
C) dacite
D) rhyolite
Answer: A
Diff: 1
8) Which one of the following shows the correct order (left to right) of decreasing magma
viscosity?
A) rhyolite, andesite, basalt
B) andesite, rhyolite, basalt
C) basalt, rhyolite, andesite
D) basalt, andesite, rhyolite
Answer: A
Diff: 1
2
9) What type of volcanic material is indicative of eruption under water?
A) AA flows
B) Pyroclastic flows
C) Pillow lavas
D) Pahoehoe flows
E) Lava aprons
Answer: C
Diff: 1
10) As magma approaches the surface, water contributes to the explosive potential of the
eruption because ________.
A) water has a large heat capacity, which allow it to keep the magma hot enough to explode
B) water dissociates to hydrogen and oxygen at high temperatures but reacts violently at
decreasing pressures to produce explosive eruptions
C) water has a lower density in its solid phase than its liquid phase which makes it explode when
pressure decreases
D) water dissolved in magma flashes to steam as pressure decreases, and the volume increase
leads to an explosive potential
Answer: D
Diff: 2
11) Why does magma viscosity vary with silica content?

A) Increasing silica increases a tendency for silica bonds to link up in networks, acting like a
polymerization of the magma.
B) Increasing silica content lowers the melting temperature and since increasing the temperature
of a magma decreases viscosity increasing silica content increases viscosity.
C) Increasing silica content increases the amount of water a magma can dissolve and water
decreases magma viscosity, so increasing silica content decreases magma viscosity.
D) There is no correlation between silica content and magma viscosity.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
3
12) Volcano A erupts rocks with SiO2 content ranging from 49% to 52% whereas volcano B,
100km away, erupts materials with SiO2 content of 62-68%. Which statement best characterizes
these two volcanos?
A) Both volcanos are shield type volcanos that are characterized by quiescent eruptions.
B) Both volcanos are violent, explosive volcanos that spread ash continent wide.
C) Volcano A is likely to be a supervolcano with violent eruptions, whereas volcano B is
probably a shield volcano with quiescent eruptions.
D) Volcano A is probably a shield volcano with typically quiescent eruptions, whereas Volcano
B is likely a stratovolcano characterized by violent, explosive eruptions.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
13) In the movie "Volcano" basaltic lava flows are shown running down flat streets at speeds
faster than humans could run. From your knowledge of magma viscosity, is this realistic?
A) Yes, the viscosity of basalt magma is similar to water so it would flow at comparable rates.
B) No, the viscosity of basaltic magma is much higher than water, and thus, would flow much
slower than water.
C) No, the viscosity of basaltic magma is much higher than water, and thus, would flow much
faster than water.
D) There is no way of knowing because basaltic magmas can have viscosities similar to water or
higher depending on temperature and fluids, and thus there isn't enough information.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Topic: 9.2 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions and 9.3 Materials Extruded During an Eruption
(lava flows)
14) Which type of basaltic lava flow has a fairly smooth, unfragmented, ropy surface?
A) aa
B) pegmatitic
C) pahoehoe
D) scoria
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 9.3 Materials Extruded During an Eruption
4
15) Volcanic bombs originate ________.
A) as laser-guided, granite blocks launched from a supersonic jet
B) as blocks of volcanic rock ejected from an erupting volcanic crater
C) as erupted magma blobs that partly congeal before falling to the ground
D) as ash particles that join together in the eruptive plume and fall as cobble-sized objects
Answer: C
Diff: 1
16) ________ magma is the most abundant type of magma erupted on Earth.
A) Basaltic
B) Granitic
C) Andesitic
D) Pegmatitic
Answer: A
Diff: 1
17) ________ are usually the most abundant gases emitted during basaltic volcanism.
A) Chlorine and sodium
B) Neon and ammonia
C) Oxygen and nitrogen
D) Water and carbon dioxide
Answer: D
Diff: 1
18) Which type of basaltic lava flow has its surface covered with sharp-edged, angular blocks
and rubble?
A) scoria
B) pahoehoe
C) pillow lava
D) aa
Answer: D
Diff: 1
5
19) Which one of the following statements concerning volcanic blocks and bombs is true?
A) Blocks are broken fragments of solid rocks; bombs have smaller sizes than lapilli.
B) Bombs are guided to Earth by laser beams; blocks fall anywhere.
C) Bombs are ejected as magma lumps; blocks are ejected as solid fragments.
D) Bombs and blocks are both smaller than lapilli and cinders.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
20) Which of the following is not considered pyroclastic debris?

A) ash
B) cinders
C) bombs
D) pahoehoe
Answer: D
Diff: 1
21) The rock pumice often floats yet the density of the rock is greater than water. Why does it
float?
A) Pumice is a pyroclastic rock derived from rhyolite glass, and rhyolite glass has a lower
density than water.
B) Pumice is a pyroclastic rock comprised largely of open voids formed by gases released when
the magma solidified as froth-like material.
C) Pumice is a rock made of rhyolite glass that erupts into water, which traps water in voids and
makes the material less dense than water.
D) Pumice is another name for dacite, a low-density rock that floats in water.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
22) A rock outcrop exposes a layer of obsidian overlain by volcanic ash and a layer with
fragments of lapilli. What rock composition and eruptive type fits this description?
A) basalt erupted from a cinder cone
B) basalt flows and interbedded andesite deposited on a shield volcano
C) andesite and basalt erupted from a stratovolcano
D) rhyolite erupted in violent pyroclastic eruptions
Answer: D
Diff: 2
6
23) Pillow lavas are ________.
A) basaltic magmas erupted on the seafloor as magma blobs from an explosive, submarine
eruption
B) basaltic lava tubes erupted on the seafloor in volcanic piles analogous to toothpaste extruded
from a tube
C) andesitic bombs erupted from a cinder cone that accumulate as pillow-like masses around the
cone
D) rhyolite glasses that develop a banding that resembles a pillow case with internal snowflake
obsidian that looks like feathers
Answer: B
Diff: 2
24) A volcanic deposit comprised of red to black lapilli-sized pyroclastic material associated
with pahoehoe lava flows was probably deposited on ________.
A) a large composite volcano
B) a shield volcano
C) a cinder cone
D) a satellite shield volcano on a rhyolitic caldera
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Topic: Synthesis of 9.3 Volcanic Materials and 9.4-9.6 Volcano Types
25) Which one of the following statements concerning cinder cones is false?
A) They are small volcanoes with fairly steep sides.
B) They are built mostly or entirely during one eruptive cycle.
C) The cinders and other pyroclastic particles are consolidated into welded tuff.
D) The cinders most commonly are basaltic.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 9.4 Anatomy of a Volcano
26) Which of the following volcano types are short lived volcanos that last a few days to months
and then shut down?
A) shield volcano
B) cinder cone
C) lava dome
D) composite volcano
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: 9.4 Anatomy of a Volcano and 9.6 Cinder cones
7
27) The average composition of rocks comprising a large composite cone or stratovolcano is
similar to a(n) ________ magma.
A) basaltic
B) ultramafic
C) andesitic
D) rhyolitic
Answer: C
Diff: 1
28) Kilauea is an example of a ________.

A) shield volcano
B) cinder cone
C) lava dome
D) volcanic neck
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 9.5 Shield Volcanos
29) Shield volcanos form from what type of magma?

A) high viscosity aa basalt magmas
B) low viscosity rhyolite magmas
C) low viscosity basalt magmas
D) high viscosity rhyolite magmas
Answer: C
Diff: 1
30) Where are the most active volcanoes in the world?

A) Washington State, in the United States
B) Mexico
C) Italy
D) Hawaii
Answer: D
Diff: 1
8
31) A geologist is working in an area of old volcanic rocks exposed by erosion. He finds a large
rock outcrop that contains flat lying gravels in the base of the outcrop. These gravels are
overlain by basalt that forms a series of layers representing flows. The uppermost basalt lava
flows have a dip of about 10 degrees to the west. What does this outcrop record?
A) Basalt flows formed above a series of gravels, filling a river valley.
B) Basalt flows formed after gravels were deposited, covered the local terrain, and built a shield
volcano with dips of about 10 degrees.
C) Gravels were initially deposited in a river valley and a cinder cone was erupted, damming the
valley, before a cinder cone formed.
D) You can't tell anything about the history of this region from this outcrop.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
32) Cinder cones ________.

A) have very steep slopes
B) are usually less than 300 meters (1000 feet) high
C) consist largely of pyroclastics
D) all of these
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: 9.6 Cinder Cones
33) Paricutin is an example of a ________.

A) shield volcano
B) cinder cone
C) lava dome
Answer: B
Diff: 1
34) The slopes of most cinder cones are usually about 30 degrees because ________.
A) the loose materials ejected from the cone form slopes at the angle of repose
B) cinder cones are mostly basalt and basalt is too weak to maintain a slope greater than 30
degrees
C) they are composites of loose material and lava and the viscosity of the lava requires the slopes
to form at about 30 degrees
D) The statement is false; most cinder cones have slopes less than 10 degrees because of the low
viscosity of basalt lava flows.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
9
35) A geologist working in an area finds gravels with gentle dips of about 5 degrees. She finds a
large outcrop where these gravels are overlain by tephra with prominent layers that dip 35-40
degrees. What is the history of this area?
A) Basalt flows formed after a series of gravels were deposited, covering the local terrain, and
built a shield volcano.
B) After the gravel was deposited, a large composite cone was built on the area.
C) Before the gravel was deposited, a cinder cone formed in this area.
D) After the gravel was deposited, a cinder cone formed in the area.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
36) Mount Pelée on Martinique is an example of a ________.

A) shield volcano
B) cinder cone
C) lava dome
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: 9.7 Composite Volcanos
37) The steep, upper slopes of composite volcanoes are generally produced by ________.
A) large landslides
B) high-viscosity, low-volume silicic magmas that are erupted from the summit
C) satellite or parasitic cones that push up the top of the volcano to steep slopes
D) tilting of the summit by intrusion of high-viscosity magma directly below the summit
Answer: B
Diff: 1
38) Mt. St. Helens in the U. S. and Mt. Fujiyama in Japan are examples of ________.
A) cinder cones
B) shield volcanos
C) composite volcanos
D) calderas
Answer: C
Diff: 1
10
39) The famous destruction of the Roman city of Pompeii was produced by ________.
A) a large cinder cone burying the city in tephra
B) a composite volcano erupted lava that buried the city, fossilizing people who were overridden
by the fast moving flows
C) a volcanic mudflow from Mt. Vesuvius that buried the people and the city
D) a pyroclastic eruption from a composite volcano that buried the city in ash and smothered the
people living there
Answer: D
Diff: 1
40) Mount Pelée on the island of Martinique killed thousands of people in ________.
A) a pyroclastic flow, also called a Nuée Ardent
B) a caldera collapse
C) an ash fall that smothered the people living there
D) a cinder cone eruption
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 9.7 Composite Volcanos and 9.8 Volcanic Hazards
41) What type of volcano would be most likely to generate large landslides?
A) shield volcano
B) cinder cone
C) composite volcano
D) caldera
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Topic: 9.7 Composite Volcanos and 9.8 Volcanic Hazards
42) The greatest danger from pyroclastic flows is ________.

A) being incinerated by the hot gas and entrained magma.
B) being smothered by hot gases and ash.
C) being buried in ash.
D) not significant because they move so slowly they can be avoided.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 9.8 Volcanic Hazards
11
43) Pyroclastic flows move ________.
A) very rapidly, too fast to outrun on foot
B) as gravity flows similar to snow avalanches
C) as a dense cloud that contains hot magma particles suspended in hot gases and moves rapidly
downhill
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 1
44) Mount Pelee on the Island of Martinique erupted in the early 20th century. Why is this
eruption famous?
A) It was the first caldera forming eruption observed by modern scientists.
B) It produced a major lateral blast that leveled a city, killing many people.
C) It was a small cinder cone on an island that erupted in a sugar cane field.
D) The volcano produced a pyroclastic flow that swept down the mountain, killing thousands of
people.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
45) Which of the following is not a significant volcanic hazard?

A) injury or death by inhalation of air heavily laden with volcanic ash
B) being overrun by a fast moving basaltic lava flow
C) being caught in a river valley and being overcome by a volcanic mudflow/lahar
D) a tsunami generated by a massive submarine volcanic eruption
Answer: B
Diff: 1
12
46) Mt. Rainier in Washington State is often thought to be the most hazardous volcano in the
lower 48 states of the United States because ________.
A) it is close enough to Seattle and Tacoma, Washington that these cities could be destroyed in a
pyroclastic flow
B) the volcano is close enough to Seattle and Tacoma, Washington that a large explosive
eruption could bury the cities in a large rock avalanche similar to the Mt. St. Helens eruption
C) large amounts of glacial ice on the mountain could be melted by even a small eruption,
potentially generating dangerous lahars that would travel rapidly down river valleys to heavily
populated areas
D) The statement is false; the volcano poses little hazard to humans except for the few who live
close to the volcano.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
47) Which of the following best describes Shiprock, a famous volcanic feature in New Mexico?
A) a very recently active, basaltic cinder cone
B) an extinct, highly symmetrical, composite volcanic cone
C) the eroded remains of a volcanic pipe and radiating dikes
D) an extinct, massive, rhyolitic shield volcano
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 9.9 Other Volcanic Landforms
48) What volcanic events formed Crater Lake, Oregon? When did they take place?
A) A powerful explosion blew away the top of a stratovolcano 10 million years ago.
B) The crater of a large, extinct cinder cone filled with water 5 million years ago.
C) Landslides and volcanic mudflows dammed the Mazama River 500 years ago.
D) Caldera collapse followed major ash and pyroclastic-flow eruptions 6000 years ago.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
49) The Columbia Plateau in the northwestern United States is an excellent example of
________.
A) silica-rich lava flows
B) pyroclastic flow deposits
C) flood basalts
D) an eroded shield volcano
Answer: C
Diff: 2
13
50) Calderas range in size from less than 1km to tens of kilometers across. What do they all
have in common?
A) They all form by subsidence of the caldera center due to withdrawal of magma from below.
B) They all form in explosive eruptions.
C) They all are formed in rhyolitic volcanos and have associated eruptions of ash flow tuff.
D) They all form from collapse of composite volcanos following explosive eruptions; Crater lake
is an example.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
51) A ________ is the largest discordant body of intrusive, igneous rock.

A) lopolith
B) laccolith
C) pluton
D) batholith
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: 9.10 Intrusive Igneous Activity
52) Which of the following is a tabular intrusive body with subparallel intrusive contacts?
A) dike
B) laccolith
C) stock
D) columnar joints
Answer: A
Diff: 1
53) Which of the following is emplaced over millions of years to form a composite intrusive
complex?
A) dike
B) sill
C) laccolith
D) batholith
Answer: D
Diff: 1
14
54) A ________ is an intrusive, igneous rock body that is tabular and concordant.
A) laccolith
B) dike
C) pluton
D) sill
Answer: D
Diff: 1
55) A ________ is a near surface, intrusive igneous rock body that results from local inflation of
a horizontal sill.
A) batholith
B) dike
C) laccolith
D) volcanic neck
Answer: C
Diff: 1
56) Which of the following best describes the bedrock in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in
California?
A) basalt; dikes
B) gabbro; plutoliths
C) andesite; laccoliths
D) granite; batholiths
Answer: D
Diff: 1
57) Which of the following is not an accurate statement about the melting process in the earth's
interior?
A) Melting of rocks is incomplete with partial melts extracted as magma and solid residues left
behind.
B) Water dramatically lowers the melting temperature of silicate rocks, and addition of water
commonly contributes to production of magma.
C) Upwelling flow in the earth's interior brings higher temperature rocks toward the surface and
contributes to decompression melting.
D) The earth's lower mantle is entirely molten and heat from this zone produces partial melting
in the upper mantle, which produces the diverse volcanic rocks we see at the earth's surface.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Topic: 9.11 Partial Melting and the Origin of Magma
15
58) Which of the following best describes melting of the mantle at subduction zones that leads to
island arc volcanos?
A) Heat is carried downward with the subducting plate and melts the mantle above the
downgoing plate.
B) Water released from the subducting plate decreases the melting temperature in the mantle
above the downgoing plate to generate magmas from the overlying mantle wedge.
C) The subducting plate is heated as it is carried to depth and the subducted oceanic crust melts.
D) The subducted plate subsides into the mantle and allows magma from the lower mantle
magma ocean to rise toward the surface.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Topic: 9.11 Partial Melting and the Origin of Magma and 9.12 Plate Tectonics and Volcanic
Activity
59) The largest percentage of total magma production on earth occurs at what plate tectonic
setting?
A) hot spots like Hawaii
B) convergent plate margins
C) transform plate margins
D) spreading ridges
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: 9.12 Plate Tectonics and Volcanic Activity
60) Most of the active volcanoes on land are located in a belt known as the ________.
A) Ring of Fire
B) Gulf Coast zone
C) Mid-Pacific Ridge
D) Red Sea rift
Answer: A
Diff: 1
61) Which of the following statements best describes the big Hawaiian volcanoes?
A) They lie directly above a transform plate boundary that cuts deeply into the mantle.
B) They lie directly above an active subduction zone where the Pacific plate is sinking into the
mantle.
C) They lie along the crest of the East Pacific Rise, a mid-ocean ridge or spreading center.
D) They are situated in the interior of a large, Pacific plate above a hot spot deep in the mantle.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
16
62) The recent (geologically) volcanic activity in Yellowstone National Park is ________.
A) related to plate subduction
B) related to a divergent plate boundary
C) related to a transform plate boundary
D) related to intraplate, hot spot volcanism
Answer: D
Diff: 1
63) In what plate tectonic setting are magmas generated predominantly by fluids fluxing the
melting process by decreasing melting temperature?
A) hot spots
B) spreading ridges
C) transform faults
D) convergent plate margins
Answer: D
Diff: 1
64) Which type of plate margin is characterized by volcanos that include basalt, andesite, dacite
and rhyolite?
A) hot spots
B) spreading ridges
C) transform faults
D) convergent plate margins
Answer: D
Diff: 1
65) Most granitic batholiths are generated ________.

A) as intrusions beneath composite volcanos along convergent plate margins
B) where spreading ridges occur beneath continents
C) along transform faults, which accounts for their linear geographic distribution
D) along hot spot chains beneath continents, like a welder cutting through the continent to make
a linear belt of intrusive granites
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 9.12 Plate Tectonics and Volcanic Activity and 9.10 Intrusive Igneous Activity
17
Word Analysis. Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the
relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option which does not fit the
pattern.
66) pahoehoe aa volcanic bomb pillow lava

Answer: volcanic bomb
Diff: 1
67) Mt. Vesuvius Mt. Mazama Mount Pelée Kilauea

Answer: Kilauea
Diff: 1
Give the term that best answers each phrase.
shield volcanoes composite/stratovolcanoes cinder cones
68) massive, gently sloping volcanoes built of successive, basaltic lava flows
Answer: shield volcanoes
Diff: 1
69) large, fairly steep-sided cones composed of lavas and pyroclastic layers
Answer: composite/stratovolcanoes
Diff: 1
70) small basaltic cones built during one short, eruptive episode
Answer: cinder cones
Diff: 1
71) the volcanoes of southwestern Alaska and the Aleutian Islands

Answer: composite/stratovolcanoes
Diff: 1
18
72) the big volcanoes of Hawaii
Answer: shield volcanoes
Diff: 1
73) Dissolved gases may comprise up to a few percent by weight of a magma.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
74) The viscosities of magmas increase with increasing percentages of silica.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
75) The eruptions of the Hawaiian volcanoes may be described as explosive in comparison to the
1980 Mount St. Helens eruption.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
76) Powerful, explosive, volcanic eruptions can result in climatic cooling for millions of years
following the eruption.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
77) A basaltic volcano is likely to produce an explosive column that would endanger flying
aircraft.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
78) When magma rises toward the surface, pressure decreases can lead to release of dissolved
gases in a magma with a volume increase that can produce an explosion.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
19
79) The higher the viscosity of a magma, the lower the potential for explosive eruptions.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
80) Ash and lapilli are different sized pyroclastic particles.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
81) Pillow lavas are basaltic magmas extruded as piles of bombs that accumulate in piles of
rocks that look like a pile of pillows.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
82) Shield volcanos have extensive deposits of pyroclastic rocks.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
83) The main destruction from shield volcanos like Kilauea in Hawaii is slow burial of man-
made feature by lava rather than explosive volcanic activity.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Topic: 9.8 Volcanic Hazards and 9.5 Shield Volcanos
84) Thousands of people have been killed by pyroclastic flows erupted from cinder cones.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
85) If you are in the path of a pyroclastic flow or a lahar, you have virtually no chance to run out
of its path on foot.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
20
86) Volcanos have no significant impact on weather and climate.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
87) Magmas are the product of melting in the deep part of the earth that forms a layer of molten
material called the asthenosphere.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
88) Many magmas are generated when solid rocks are carried to higher levels in the earth by
flow and partially melted by decompression melting.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
89) The main mechanism for melting at spreading ridges is decompression melting of ultramafic
mantle rock.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
90) The dominant rock type erupted by submarine volcanoes at spreading ridges is andesite.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
21
Match the letter on the figure with the term.
91) Magma chamber

Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 9.4 Anatomy of a Volcano, Fig. 9.10
92) Lava flow

Answer: A
Diff: 1
93) Pyroclastic material

Answer: D
Diff: 1
22
94) Vent
Answer: E
Diff: 1
95) Bomb
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Match the name of the tectonic feature with the Figure.
96) Hot spot

Answer: D
Diff: 1
23
97) convergent plate margin
Answer: A
Diff: 1
98) continental rift

Answer: C
Diff: 1
99) oceanic spreading center

Answer: B
Diff: 1
Critical Thinking and Discussion. Use complete sentences, correct spelling, and the
information presented in Chapter 9 to answer the questions below.
100) Volcanoes are generally not preserved in the geologic rock record because the upper part of
the volcano is eroded away. However, the igneous rocks associated with volcanoes are often
found preserved in the rock record as layers of volcanic rock and associated intrusions. How
could you infer what type of volcano erupted in a given area based on the type of volcanic
deposits? Give specific examples and briefly discuss if some materials may be linked to different
types of volcanoes.
Answer: The answers to this question could vary, but key points should be:
1) Presence of several different volcanic rock compositions ranging from basalt to andesite to
rhyolite would be indicative of a composite volcano, most likely developed at a convergent plate
margin setting
2) Layers of basalt cinder (tephra) +/- basaltic lava flows would be indicative of a cinder cone
3) Pyroclastic rocks other than basaltic cinder, particularly welded tuff and ash associated with a
variety of other rock types would be indicative of a composite volcano, also typically associated
with a convergent margin setting
4) Pillow lavas would indicative of a submarine volcano
5) Large sheets of rhyolitic ash-flow tuff and obsidian might be suggestive of a caldera, but
need not be diagnostic
6) Small intrusive plugs surrounded by volcanic rocks might indicate a volcanic neck, typically
of a composite volcano
7) Thick piles of basaltic lava flows with minor pyroclastics would be indicative of a large
shield volcano
Diff: 2
Topic: 9.2 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions, 9.3 Materials Extruded During an Eruption, and
9.12 Plate Tectonics and Volcanic Activity
24
101) Briefly summarize at least 4 major volcanic hazards. Describe the level of risk from most
dangerous to least dangerous to human life. For each hazard indicate where the hazard is located
relative to the volcano (on the volcano slopes, anywhere within several km of the volcano,
anywhere within thousands of km of the volcano, in river valleys near the volcano, near bodies
of water near the volcano, etc.) and consider if the probability of the hazard is very low, low,
medium, high, or high, within the danger zone of the hazard.
Answer: Question undoubtedly has range of answers that could be acceptable in this question,
but the question is meant for students to analyze the hazard from what they have learned in this
chapter. Question would best be answered with a matrix, similar to below (question might even
be worded that way, telling students to answer in a matrix)
Hazard danger location probability
Supervolcano caldera extreme continental scale very low
Pyroclastic flow very high volcano slopes high (on comp. volc)
Explosion/rock aval very high volcano slopes high (on comp. volc)
Lahars and mudflows high river valleys near volc high (on comp. volc)
Tsunami high coastal zone near volc low to moderate
ash inhalation moderate 10s to 100's km from volc modest
lava flows low volcano slopes modest
Diff: 3
25

Earth Science 14th Edition Tarbuck Test Bank

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Earth Science 14th Edition Tarbuck

7) Which magma type would generally have the lowest viscosity?

11) Why does magma viscosity vary with silica content?

20) Which of the following is not considered pyroclastic debris?

28) Kilauea is an example of a ________.

29) Shield volcanos form from what type of magma?

30) Where are the most active volcanoes in the world?

32) Cinder cones ________.

33) Paricutin is an example of a ________.

36) Mount Pelée on Martinique is an example of a ________.

42) The greatest danger from pyroclastic flows is ________.

45) Which of the following is not a significant volcanic hazard?

51) A ________ is the largest discordant body of intrusive, igneous rock.

65) Most granitic batholiths are generated ________.

66) pahoehoe aa volcanic bomb pillow lava

67) Mt. Vesuvius Mt. Mazama Mount Pelée Kilauea

Give the term that best answers each phrase.

shield volcanoes composite/stratovolcanoes cinder cones

71) the volcanoes of southwestern Alaska and the Aleutian Islands

73) Dissolved gases may comprise up to a few percent by weight of a magma.

74) The viscosities of magmas increase with increasing percentages of silica.

80) Ash and lapilli are different sized pyroclastic particles.

82) Shield volcanos have extensive deposits of pyroclastic rocks.

91) Magma chamber

92) Lava flow

93) Pyroclastic material

Match the name of the tectonic feature with the Figure.

96) Hot spot

98) continental rift

99) oceanic spreading center

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