PCT PRACTICAL AID

FOR 200L CLASS

PCT 201
FEATURING ALL TWELVE PRODUCTS VIZ:
 AROMATIC WATER – CHLOROFORM WATER DOUBLE STRENGTH AND
NORMAL SALINE SOLUTION BP
 SIMPLE MIXTURE CONTAINING SOLUBLE SUBSTANCES ONLY- AMMONIUM
CHLORIDE AND MORPHINE MIXTURE & PAEDIATRIC FERROUS SULPHATE
ORAL SOLUTION
 MIXTURES CONTAINING DIFFUSIBLE SOLIDS- MAGNESIUM SULPHATE ORAL
SOLUTION
 MIXTURES CONTAINING INDIFFUSIBLE SOLIDS – MIXTURE II
 PREPARATIONS OF ELIXIRS AND LINCTUSES – PARACETAMOL ELIXIR
PAEDIATRIC BP AND CODEINE LINCTUS BP
 PREPARATION OF CALAMINE LOTION OILY BP
 PREPARATION OF WHITE LINIMENT BP
 PREPARATION OF CRYSTAL VIOLET PAINT COMPOUND BP
 PREPARATION OF POTASSIUM CHLORATE AND PHENOL GARGLE BP

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METHOD OF PREPARATION AND COMMENTS
1.
PREPARATION OF POTASSIUM CHLORATE AND PHENOL
GARGLE BP 1988
0.75g of potassium chlorate was dissolved in 3ml of warm water and the
solution was allowed to cool. 0.375ml of liquefied phenol was added to it
and transferred quantitatively to the pre-calibrated dispensing bottle.
0.225ml of sulphon blue solution containing 0.225mg of the dye was then
added. Sufficient water was added to the preparation to make up to
volume (25ml). The bottle was shaken vigorously and labelled
appropriately.
 water serves as the vehicle for the preparation
 sulphon blue serves as the colorant
 Liquefied phenol serves as an antibiotic to counter the effect of
microorganisms residing in the oral cavity such as streptococcus mutans.
 Potassium chlorate promotes saliva flow and has a mild astringent activity
2.
PREPARATION OF CRYSTAL VIOLET PAINT COMPOUND BP
1988
0.6475g of potassium iodide was dissolved in 0.625ml of water. Then
0.3125g of iodine was added to the mixture. 0.1ml of peppermint oil was
mixed with 1ml of alcohol and added to the previous mixture. The resulting
mixture was then transferred quantitatively to a pre-calibrated dispensing
bottle and made up to volume (25ml) with sufficient glycerin. The
preparation was shaken vigorously and labelled appropriately.
 Glycerin serves as the vehicle for the preparation
 Peppermint oil produces a carminative effect and also acts as a flavouring
agent

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 Alcohol is used as a solubilizing agent for the peppermint oil and as a
preservative
 Iodine is used in the treatment of pharyngitis (inflammation of the pharynx)
and goiter
antiseptic
(outgrowth of the thyroid gland) and as an
 Potassium iodide aids the iodine dissolution and acts as a prophylactic in
the treatment of goiter
3.
PREPARATION OF WHITE LINIMENT BP 1988
6.25ml of turpentine oil, 2ml of oleic acid and 1.125ml of dilute ammonia
solution was mixed together in a dispensing bottle. 9.375ml of water
previously warmed was added to dissolve the mixture. 6.17ml of water
previously warmed was used to dissolve 0.325g of ammonium chloride in a
porcelain dish and then transferred into a dispensing bottle. The dispensing
bottle was shaken vigorously and made up to volume (25ml) and labelled
appropriately.
 Ammonium chloride produces a cooling effect on the skin
 Water is used as a solvent
 There is a neutralization reaction between oleic acid and dilute ammonia to
form ammonium oleate which therefore acts as the emulsifier
 Turpentine oil is used for its rubefacient effect
4.
PREPARATION OF CALAMINE LOTION OILY BP
1.25g of calamine was triturated with 0.25g of wool fat, 12.5ml of arachis oil
and 0.25ml of oleic acid previously melted together over a hot water bath. 5ml
of calcium hydroxide solution was added into the solution to aid trituration.
The solution was transferred into a 25ml dispensing bottle and sufficient
amount of calcium hydroxide solution was added to make up to volume
(25ml). The product was shaken vigorously and the dispensing bottle labelled
appropriately.

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 Calamine has a mild astringent effect on the skin hence used in relief of
discomfort of dermatitis (inflammation of the dermis of the skin)
 Wool fat is used as a stabilizer and an ointment base
 Arachis oil contains free fatty acids which reacts with calcium hydroxide to
form the emulgent in-situ
 Oleic acid is used to buff up the amount of free fatty acids in arachis oil.
 Calcium hydroxide solution is used as the aqueous phase.
5.
PREPARATION OF PARACETAMOL ELIXIR PAEDIATRIC BP 1988
0.6g of paracetamol was weighed into the dispensing mortal. 2.5ml of alcohol,
0.5ml of chloroform spirit and 2.5 ml propylene glycol was added to dissolve the
paracetamol. 0.625ml of raspberry juice, 0.05ml of amaranth solution, and
6.895ml of invert syrup was added and triturated. The preparation was
transferred quantitatively into a pre-calibrated dispensing bottle. Sufficient of
glycerin was added to make up to volume (25ml). The bottle was shaken
vigorously and labelled appropriately.
 Paracetamol has analgesic and anti – inflammatory properties.
 Glycerin is used as a vehicle
 Amaranth solution is used as a colouring agent
 Concentrated raspberry juice used as a flavourant to mask the bitter taste
of the drug
 Chloroform spirit is used as a preservative
 Alcohol and propylene glycol is used as solvent for the paracetamol
6.
PREPARATION OF MIXTURE II
0.5625g of Acetylsalicyclic acid and 0.375g of compound tragacanth powder was
weighed into the dispensing mortar. 0.5ml of chloroform spirit was added and
triturated, the preparation was transferred quantitatively into a pre-calibrated
dispensing bottle. Sufficient amount of distilled water was added to make up to
volume (25ml). The bottle was then shaken vigorously and labelled appropriately.

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 Acetylsalicyclic acid is used as anti-inflammatory and a non-steroidal drug
and it has an analgesic effect.
 Compound tragacanth powder acts as a suspending agent, thereby
increasing the viscosity of the mixture leading to reduce sedimentation of
particles.
 Chloroform spirit acts as a preservative.
 Water acts as a vehicle.
7.
PREPARATION OF MAGNESIUM SULPHATE MIXTURE BP 1988
10g of magnesium sulphate and 1.25g of light magnesium carbonate was weighed
into the dispensing mortar. Little amount of water was added and triturated until
the salt completely dissolved.0.625ml of concentrated peppermint emulsion and
7.5ml of chloroform water double strength was measured with a pipette and
transferred into the mixture .The preparation was transferred quantitatively into
a pre calibrated dispensing bottle .Sufficient amount of water was added to make
up to volume (25ml).The bottle was then shaken vigorously and labelled
appropriately.
 Magnesium sulphate is a laxative and saline purgative used in the
treatment of hypomagnesaemia.
 Light magnesium carbonate is an ant-acid used to reduce gastric acidity of
the mixture.
 Concentrated peppermint emulsion is acting as a flavourant
 Double strength chloroform water is used as a preservative
8.
PREPARATION OF PEDIATRIC FERROUS SULPHATE ORAL
SOLUTION BP 1988
0.05g of ascorbic acid was dissolved in 12.5ml chloroform water double strength.
The resulting solution was the used to dissolve the 300mg of ferrous sulphate,

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2.5ml orange syrup was added to the solution followed by the addition of purified
water to mix the solution. The solution was quantitatively transferred into the
dispensing bottle and sufficient amount of water was added to make up to
volume (25ml). The bottle was then shaken vigorously and labelled appropriately.
 Pediatric ferrous sulphate BP oral solution as the name implies is a children
syrup.
 The active ingredient, ferrous sulphate is used for the prevention and
treatment of Ion-deficiency anaemia.
 The ascorbic acid acts as an anti-oxidant which prevents the oxidation of
the ferrous ion in the ferrous sulphate to ferric ion.
 Orange syrup acts as a sweetening and flavouring agent in the oral solution.
 Double strength chloroform acts as a preservative agent in the oral
solution.
9.
PREPARATION OF CODEINE LINCTUS BP
0.075g of codeine phosphate was weighed into the dispensing mortar. 0.5ml of
water was added to dissolve the codeine phosphate. 5ml of lemon syrup, 0.5ml of
benzoic acid solution, 0.5ml of chloroform water spirit and 0.25ml of tartrazine
solution compound was added and triturated. The preparation was quantitatively
transferred into a pre-calibrated dispensing bottle. Sufficient amount of syrup was
added to make up to volume (25ml). The bottle was shaken vigorously and
labelled appropriately.
 Codeine phosphate is used as a cough suppressant.
 Benzoic acid solution acts as a preservative.
 Chloroform spirit is used as a preservative.
 Lemon syrup is used as a flavorant
 Water is used as a solvent for codeine phosphate
 Tartrazine solution compound is used as a colorant
 Syrup is used as a vehicle.

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10. PREPARATION OF AMMONIUM CHLORIDE AND MORPHINE
MIXTURE BP 1988
0.75g of ammonium chloride and 0.5g of ammonium bicarbonate were weighed
into the dispensing mortar and were dissolved by adding 5ml of purified water.
1.25ml of liquorice liquid extract and 0.5ml of chloroform and morphine tincture
were measured with a pipette and transferred to the mixture. The preparation
was transferred quantitatively into a pre-calibrated dispensing bottle. Sufficient
amount of purified water was added to make up to volume of 25ml. The bottle
was shaken vigorously and labelled appropriately.
 Ammonium chloride and morphine mixture is used as a cough syrup
 The active ingredient ammonium bicarbonate acts as the expectorant for
the syrup hence it is acting as an agent that promotes discharge or
expulsion of mucus from the respiratory tract.
 The chloroform and morphine mixture acts as the vehicle for the active
ingredients.
11. PREPARATION OF CHLOROFORM WATER BP DOUBLE STRENGTH
0.125ml of chloroform was measured with the aid of a pippete on the transferred
directly into a pre-calibrated dispensing bottle. Sufficient amount of purified
water was the added to make to volume (25ml).The dispensing bottle was shaken
vigorously and labelled appropriately.
 Chloroform water is used to extract and purify penicillin
 Chloroform, the active ingredient in the preparation is used as an antiseptic
agent.

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 Chloroform water is used as a flavourant and also preservative in producing
pharmaceutical products.
 Chloroform water is also used as an antiseptic agent (antimicrobial
substances that are applied to living tissues or skin to reduce the possibility
of sepsis, infection or putrefaction).
 Chloroform also known as trichloromethane is an organic compound
represented as CHCl . It is a colourless, sweet-smelling dense liquid that is
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produced on a large scale as a precursor to PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene)
12. PREPARATION OF NORMAL SALINE BP
225mg of sodium chloride was weighed into the dispensing mortar and triturated
with 5ml of purified water to dissolve the salt. The preparation was transferred
quantitatively into a pre-calibrated dispensing bottle. Sufficient purified water
was added to make it up to the volume of 25ml. the bottle was shaken vigorously
and labelled appropriately.
 Sodium chloride is the chemical name for common salt. It has antibacterial
effect
 Normal saline is used to clean out an intravenous (I.V) catheter, which helps
prevent blockage and remove any medicine left in the catheter area after
an I.V infusion has been administered.
 Normal saline is isotonic with blood serum, lachrymal secretion (tears) and
nasal secretions. It is therefore used as the vehicle for preparations that
require adjustment to iso-osmoticity such as parenteral preparations,
ophthalmic solutions and some nasal drops.
SIDE NOTE
Now you have gone through the methods and comments of this course
painstakingly, it is of utmost importance to bear in mind whatever is outlined
below. Firstly, Pharmaceutics practical PCT 201 for short is just a single credit load
course. The major challenge is in the cut off pass mark for the course being 60 per

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centum rather than the normal 50 per centum or even 45 per centum in some
courses. Thus, this course could prove a bit more challenging than other practical
courses. It is of importance to know that in exam condition, candidates will be
given four different questions, the first two products MUST be prepared while the
last two products will just require writing of the report as the case may be.
TIP 1: In exam condition, please you ought to prepare your products first before
even writing any report as the product preparation and appropriate labelling
carries the highest marks. Failure to submit a product means you did not answer
that question number even if the report might be ‘fantastic’. NO LABELLED
PRODUCT, NO SCORE. One effective method employed by most students is to
write out the calculation and methods of the first two products (of which they
are to prepare) and then carry on with the preparation and labelling of the
products, afterwhich appropriate comments and the prescription table must be
done.
TIP 2: The title of the product as in “preparation of ammonium chloride and
morphine mixture BP” must span through both pages of the booklet in which
you are answering just like in your pharmaceutics manual.
TIP 3: when labelling paediatric preparations, the patient i.e the baby the drug
ought to be administered to is usually stated as “BABY” followed by the name in
the prescription label. For example:
SHAKE THE BOTTLE

25ml
PARACETAMOL ELIXIR PAEDIATRIC BP

1 teaspoonful to be given 3 times daily

STORE IN A COOL PLACE

BABY EROGO 01/03/2018

…………( THIS SHOULD BE IN RED)
FACULTY OF PHARMACY

UNIVERSITY OF BENIN

BENIN CITY

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TIP 4: The above is the correct way of writing a label, take note of the mistakes
below using the same products
SHAKE THE BOTTLE
25ml
Paracetamol Elixir paediatric BP

One Teaspoonful to be taken three times daily

STORE IN A COOL PLACE

EROGO
01/03/18
Faculty of pharmacy

University of benin

Benin City.
Very very wrong. Firstly, every line of the label ought to be centralized and not
tending towards one side of the label. Secondly, everything in the label should
be in capital letter except the direction for use. Thirdly, the numbers used in the
direction for use should not be written in words, rather figures should be used.
Fourthly, paediatric preparations are given to babies and not taken by babies as
a baby cannot open the bottle and take out a teaspoonful unless it’s obviously a
demonic baby, even jesus did not do that. LOL! “Store in a cool place” should
always be in red letters (with a red pen).
TIP 5: For morphine and codeine preparations, always meet a pharmacist (Dr.
Collins Airemwen, Pharm. Jude and Pharm. Eraga) to sign the products since
they are poison drugs of high control in the country. Following speculation,
expect less questions from such samples since they are highly controlled.
TIP 6: DO THE RIGHT THING, MIX WHERE NECESSARY. HEAT WHERE NECESSARY.
DO NOT SKIP ANY STEP IN THE PROCESSING TECHNIQUE AND BE TIME
CONSCIOUS ON YOUR EXAM DAY. BELIEVE ME, TIME FLIES FASTER THAN THE
WITCHES IN YOUR VILLAGE ON YOUR EXAM DAY. PLEASE, HURRY! HURRY!!
HURRY!!!

BY CONFIDENCE FOR THE 200L CLASS OF PHARMACY

[Type text] SPONSORED AND INSPIRED BY ENATO OSEGHALE (TEAM
RESTORATION)