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MORDEN PHYSICS DUAL NATURE

Class 12 - Physics
Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

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Section A
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[1]

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1. If the wavelength of light falling on a surface is increased from 3000 A to 3040 A, then what will be the
corresponding change in the stopping potential (given that hc = 12.4×10 −7
eVm)?

a) -6.5 ×10 −12

V b) -7.5 ×10 −6
V

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c) -8.5 ×10 −3
V d) -5.5 ×10 −2
V
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2. What is the energy of a photon whose wavelength is 6840 A? [1]

a) 3.6 eV b) 12.1 eV
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c) -13.6 eV d) 1.81 eV
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3. The threshold frequency for the photoelectric effect on sodium corresponds to a wavelength of 5000 A. Its [1]

function is
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a) 1 J b) 4 × 10-19 J
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c) 3 × 10-19 J d) 2 × 10-19 J
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4. If the distance of 100 W lamp is increased from a photocell, the saturation current i in the photocell varies with [1]
the distance d as

a) i ∝ b) 2
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d i ∝ d

c) i ∝ 1

2
d) i ∝
1

d
d

5. A beam of light of wavelength 400 nm and power 1.55 mW is directed at the cathode of a photoelectric cell. If [1]
only 10% of the incident photons effectively produce photoelectrons, then find current due to these electrons.
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(given, hc = 1240 eV - nm, e = 1.6 × 10-19C)

a) 11.4 μ A b) 5 μ A

c) 40 μ A d) 50 μ A
6. Which one among the following shows the particle nature of light? [1]

a) Interference b) Photoelectric effect

c) Polarization d) Refraction
7. The work functions for metals A, B and C are respectively 1.92 eV, 2.0 eV and 5 eV. According to Einstein's [1]
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equation, the metals which will emit photoelectrons for radiation of wavelength 4100 A is/are

a) A and B only b) all the three metals

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 c) none of these d) A only
8. A proton and an α-particle are accelerated through the same potential difference. The ratio of the de-Broglie [1]
wavelength of proton to the de-Broglie wavelength of alpha particle will be
–
a) 1 : 1 b) 2√2 : 1

c) 1 : 2 d) 2 : 1
9. Which of the following figures represent the variation of particle momentum and the associated de-Broglie [1]
wavelength?

a) b)

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c) d)
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10. The number of photo-electrons emitted for the light of a frequency ν (higher than the threshold frequency ν ) is [1]
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proportional to
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a) ν − ν 0 b) Threshold frequency (ν ) 0
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c) Intensity of light d) Frequency of light (ν )

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11. Draw a plot showing the variation of de-Broglie wavelength of electron as a function of its KE. [1]
12. How does the stopping potential applied to a photocell change, if the distance between the light source and the [1]
cathode of the cell is doubled?
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13. An α-particle and a proton have the same de Broglie wavelength equal to 1 A. Explain with calculations, which [1]

of the two has more kinetic energy.

14. A photosensitive surface emits photoelectrons when red light falls on it. Will the surface emit photoelectrons [1]
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when blue light is incident on it? Give reason.

15. What happens to the wavelength of a photon after it collides with an electron? [1]
Section B
16. Show on a plot the nature of variation of photoelectric current with the intensity of radiation incident on a [2]
photosensitive surface.
17. Calculate the kinetic energy of a photoelectron (in eV) emitted on shining light of wavelength 6.2 × 10-6 m on a [2]
metal surface. The work function of the metal is 0.1 eV.
18. The equivalent wavelength of a moving electron has the same value as that of a photon having an energy of 6 × [2]
10-17J. Calculate the momentum of the electron.
19. Given: m n = 1.675 × 10
−27
kg . Obtain the de-Broglie wavelength associated with thermal neutrons at room [2]
temperature (27°C). Hence explain why a fast neutron beam needs to be thermalised with the environment
before it can be used for neutron diffraction experiments?

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20. The work function for the following metals is given: Na : 2.75 eV, K : 2.30 eV, M0 : 4.17 eV, Ni : 5.15 eV. [2]
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Which of these metals will not give photoelectric emission for a radiation of wavelength 3300A from a He-Cd
laser placed 1m away from the photocell? What happens if the laser is brought nearer and placed 50 cm away?
21. Lights of wavelengths 430 nm, 450 nm and 660 nm are incident on a metal surface whose threshold wavelength [2]
is 600 nm. In which case/cases will photoemission take place and why? Calculate the threshold frequency of the
metal surface.
22. The given graph shows the variation of photoelectric current (I) with the applied voltage (V) for two different [2]
materials and for two different intensities of the incident radiations. Identify and explain using Einstein's
photoelectric equation the pair of curves that correspond to

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i. different materials but same intensity of incident radiation,

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ii. different intensities but same material.

23.
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Write three characteristic features in photoelectric effect which cannot be explained on the basis of the wave [2]
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theory of light, but can be explained only using Einstein’s equation.
24. Define the term 'work function' of a metal. The threshold frequency of a metal is f0. When the light of frequency [2]

2 f0 is incident on the metal plate, the maximum velocity of electrons emitted is ν . When the frequency of the
1
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incident radiation is increased to 5 f0, the maximum velocity of electrons emitted is ν . Find the ratio of ν to
2 1
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ν2 .
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25. i. Determine the de-Broglie wavelength of a proton whose kinetic energy is equal to the rest mass energy of an [2]
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electron. Mass of a proton 1836 times that of electron.

ii. In which region of electromagnetic spectrum does this wavelength lie?
Section C
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26. Light of wavelength 2000A falls on an aluminium surface (work function of aluminium 4.2 eV). Calculate: [3]

a. the kinetic energy of the fastest and slowest emitted photoelectrons

b. stopping potential
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c. cut-off wavelength for aluminium.

27. In the study of a photoelectric effect the graph between the stopping potential V and frequency of the incident [3]
radiation on two different metals P and Q is shown below.

i. Which one of the two metals has higher threshold frequency?

ii. Determine the work function of the metal which has greater value.

iii. Find the maximum kinetic energy of electron emitted by light of frequency 8 × 1014 Hz for this metal.

28. a. Monochromatic light is incident on a surface separating two media. The frequency of the light after [3]

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 refraction remains unaffected but its wavelength changes. Why?

b. The frequency of an electromagnetic radiation is 1.0 × 1011 Hz. Identify the radiation and mention its two
uses.
29. Explain giving reasons for the following : [3]
i. Photoelectric current in a photocell increases with the increase in the intensity of the incident radiation.
ii. The stopping potential (V0) varies linearly with the frequency (ν ) of the incident radiation for a given

photosensitive surface with the slope remaining the same for different surfaces.
iii. Maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons is independent of the intensity of incident radiation.

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30. Photoelectrons are emitted from a metal surface when UV light of wavelength λ = 300 nm is incident on it. The [3]
minimum negative potential required to stop the emission of electrons is 0.54 V. Calculate:
i. the energy of the incident photons

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ii. the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons emitted
iii. the work function of the metal.
Express all answers in eV.
[3]
31.
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a. Draw a plot showing the variation of photoelectric current with collector potential for different frequencies
but same intensity of incident radiations.
b. Use Einstein's photoelectric equation to explain the observations from this graph.
c. What change will you observe if the intensity of incident radiation is changed but the frequency remains the
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same?
32. A proton is accelerated through a potential difference V. After acceleration, the de Broglie wavelength associated [3]
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with it is λ . If the proton is replaced by an alpha particle, then find the de Broglie wavelength associated with it
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if it were accelerated through the same potential difference V. What will be the momentum of the alpha particle?
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33. Estimating the following two numbers should be interesting. The first number will tell you why radio engineers [3]
do not need to worry much about photons. The second number tells you why our eye can never count photons,
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even in barely detectable light.

a. The number of photons emitted per second by a Medium wave transmitter of 10 kW power, emitting radio
waves of wavelength 500 m.
b. The number of photons entering the pupil of our eye per second corresponding to the minimum intensity of
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white light that we humans can perceive (∼ 10-10 Wm-2). Take the area of the pupil to be about 0.4 cm2, and
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the average frequency of white light to be about 6 × 1014 Hz.

34. Figure shows the variation of stopping potential V0 with the frequency ν of the incident radiation for two [3]
photosensitive metals P and Q.
i. Explain which metal has a smaller threshold wavelengths.

ii. Explain, giving reason, which metals emits photo electrons having smaller kinetic energy, for the same
wavelength of incident radiation.
iii. If the distance between the light source and metal P is doubled, how will the stopping potential change?

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35. Consider a thin target (10-2m square, 10-3m thickness) of sodium, which produces a photocurrent of 100μ A [3]

when a light of intensity 100W/m2 (λ = 660nm) falls on it. Find the probability that a photoelectron is produced

when a photon strikes a sodium atom. [Take density of Na = 0.97 kg/m3].

Section D
36. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [5]
Photoelectric effect is the phenomenon of emission of electrons from a metal surface, when radiations of suitable
frequency fall on them. The emitted electrons are called photoelectrons and the current so produced is called
photoelectric current.
(i) With the increase of intensity of incident radiations on photoelectrons emitted by a photo tube, the number

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of photoelectrons emitted per unit time is

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a) none of these b) increases

c) remains same d) decreases

(ii) It is observed that photoelectron emission stops at a certain time t after the light source is switched on. The

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stopping potential (V) can be represented as

a) 2(KEmax/e) b) (KEmax/3e)
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c) (KEmax/2e) d) (KEmax/e)

(iii) A point source of light of power 3.2 × 10-3 W emits monoenergetic photons of energy 5.0 eV and work
function 3.0 eV. The efficiency of photoelectron emission is 1 for every 106 incident photons. Assume that
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photoelectrons are instantaneously swept away after emission. The maximum kinetic energy of photon is
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a) 2 eV b) Zero
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c) 4 eV d) 5 eV
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(iv) Which of the following device is the application of Photoelectric effect?

a) Diode b) Transistor
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c) Light emitting diode d) Photocell

(v) If the frequency of incident light falling on a photosensitive metal is doubled, the kinetic energy of the
emitted photoelectron is
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a) halved b) doubled

c) more than twice its initial value d) unchanged

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