Guiding Childrens Social Development and Learning 9th Edition Kostelnik Test Bank

Guiding Childrens Social Development
and Learning 9th Edition Kostelnik Test

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Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following is not a factor young children use as a basis for friendship?
a. gender
b. age
c. personal characteristics
d. dependability
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: 8-3 How Children Choose Their Friends
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GCSDAL.KOSTELNIK.09.08.03 - Discuss the criteria children use in choosing friends.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.SI.1 - Promoting child development and learning
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remembering
2. How old are friends who spend much of their time forming social clubs that are short-lived but intense?
a. 4 years
b. 10 years
c. 13 years
d. toddler
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: 8-2 Children’s Ideas About Friends and Friendship
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:GCSDAL.KOSTELNIK.09.08.02 - Explain how children think about friends and
friendship.
3. What qualities characterize friendships in level one—one-way assistance?

a. Children choose friends who share their feelings and ideas.
b. Children identify friends as those with whom they spend the most time.
c. Having a best friend is paramount.
d. Friendships can be maintained over long distances.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Easy
friendship.
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4. Laura is a very shy child. Which of the following strategies would be best in helping her make friends?
a. Pair her with an outgoing child in the group.
b. Pair her with another shy child in the group.
c. Have her play with you.
d. Give her an important class job to do so she’ll seem desirable to the other children.
e. Pair her with a younger child.
ANSWER: e
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: Skills for Supporting Children’s Peer Relationships and Friendships
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:GCSDAL.KOSTELNIK.09.08.06 - Demonstrate effective teaching strategies for
enhancing children’s peer relationships and friendships.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.SI.4 - Using developmentally effective approaches
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understanding
5. A child who ignores peer suggestions while playing a game with her peers is having difficulty in which skill phase of
the friendship-making process?
a. making contact
b. maintaining positive relationships
c. negotiating conflict
d. ending relationships
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: 8-4 Friendship Skills Every Child Needs to Know
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GCSDAL.KOSTELNIK.09.08.04 - Identify essential friendship skills.
6. A child who avoids an argument by suggesting an agreeable solution is demonstrating skill in what phase of the
friendship-making process?
a. making contact
b. maintaining positive relationships
c. negotiating conflict
d. ending relationships
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Easy

7. In what level of friendship is a child who announces, “I am a member of the Royal Dragon Club and Henry isn’t”?
a. Level 0
b. Level 1
c. Level 2
d. Level 3
e. Level 4
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Easy
friendship.
8. What is the best approach to promoting friendships within a group of children?

a. Encourage them to spend all their time together.
b. Separate friendship pairs so that each child must reach out to others.
c. Assign children friends.
d. Provide opportunities for children to relax together.
ANSWER: d
DIFFICULTY: Medium
REFERENCES: 8-5 The Adult Role in Supporting Children’s Friendships
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:GCSDAL.KOSTELNIK.09.08.05 - Describe your role in supporting children’s
friendships.
United States - NAEYC.SI.5 - Using content knowledge to build meaningful curriculum
9. Adult: “Why is Craig your friend?” Child: “He’s my friend because he will play what I like to play.” Which level of
friendship is this child demonstrating?
a. Level 0
b. Level 1
c. Level 2
d. Level 3
e. Level 4
ANSWER: a
DIFFICULTY: Easy
friendship.

10. Which of the following characteristics is often displayed by peer-neglected children?
a. overly talkative
b. physically aggressive
c. making few attempts to enter play
d. insisting on being the center of attention
ANSWER: c
DIFFICULTY: Medium
11. Which of the following best describes children who are peer-rejected?
a. They are usually socially skilled.
b. They may try to dominate interactions with peers.
c. They usually take responsibility for their actions.
d. They are usually outgoing with peers.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICULTY: Easy
True / False
12. Relationships among children are qualitatively different from those between adults and children.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: 8-1 The Importance of Children’s Relationships with Peers and Friends
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:GCSDAL.KOSTELNIK.09.08.01 - Describe the importance of children’s relationships
with peers and friends.

13. Peer interactions give children opportunities for social comparisons.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Medium
14. Rejection by friends is to be expected throughout childhood.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Easy
15. A lack of friends is known to cause juvenile delinquency.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Easy
16. The number of friends a child has is the best indicator of how happy a child is with his or her friends.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Medium

17. People go through six stages in achieving mature concepts of friendships.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Easy
friendship.
18. By the time they are 6 or 7, children have achieved a mature sense of friendship.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Medium
friendship.
19. Preschoolers have a strong tendency to select their friends based on appearance.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Easy
20. Children’s earliest friends are those who exhibit personality traits they admire.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Easy

21. During the friendship stage of one-way assistance, children often try out different social roles.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Medium
friendship.
22. It is during the period of two-way fair weather cooperation that children begin gravitating toward other children of
their own gender.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Easy
friendship.
23. It is during the friendship stage of two-way fair weather friends that the issue of a best friend becomes paramount.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Easy
friendship.
24. During the period of intimate, mutually shared relationships, friends lose their possessiveness of one another.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Easy
friendship
25. A typical friendship skit consists of three parts: demonstration of a skill, adult explanations, and discussion by the
children.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Easy
friendships.
26. For children, one’s attractiveness is highly correlated to one’s desirability as a friend.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Easy
27. If you are a child with a physical disability, it is impossible to get other children to like you.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Easy
28. Language skills have a major impact on friendship skills.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Easy

29. Many children require practice in learning how to say “hello” or “goodbye” to potential friends.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Easy
30. Parents’ attitude has no impact on their children’s potential for making friends with children of diverse backgrounds.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Easy
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.SI.2 - Building family and community relationships
United States - NAEYC.SI.6 - Becoming a professional
31. Children who are less attractive are naturally more friendly than children who are physically appealing.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Easy
32. Teaching a child to say, “Hello, I’m Charlie. I’d like to play too” is a good strategy.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Medium
friendships.

33. Children who have trouble taking turns or sharing toys are exhibiting difficulty with the first state of friendship: making
contact.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Medium
34. The most socially adept children are this way naturally.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Medium
35. Adults can teach children to become aware of other children’s invitations to play.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Easy
36. Shy children benefit from playing with children younger than themselves.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Easy

37. Children who lack friendship skills benefit from watching skilled children interact.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Easy
38. When two or more children become good friends, adults should work on separating them throughout the day.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Medium
39. Children who try to bribe other children to be their friends are demonstrating deviant behavior.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Easy
40. A friendship skit can be used to model appropriate friendship skills.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Easy
friendships.

41. Coaching works well with both preschool- and elementary-age children.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Medium
friendships.
42. It is important to tell children in advance if their friend is moving away.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Medium
43. Friendship skits are used only with school-age children.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Easy
44. The last step in implementing a friendship skit is to thank children for their attention.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Easy

45. Being a friend and making friends are automatic, and all children are equally successful in achieving the status of
“friend.”
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Easy
46. Insisting that all children within the classroom are friends is an effective method to increase friendships.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Pitfalls to Avoid in Promoting Peer Relations and Friendships
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GCSDAL.KOSTELNIK.09.08.07 - Avoid pitfalls in supporting children’s friendships.
47. Intervening too quickly to assist children struggling with friendship issues deprives them of the opportunity to practice
strategies and solutions on their own.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Easy

Essay
48. List three reasons why friends are important.
ANSWER: Answers may include: Friendship gives children opportunities to learn among equals. A
child can be a learner in one relationship, an expert in another. Friendship gives children
chances to lead, follow, contribute ideas, respond to suggestions, negotiate, and
compromise. Friendship allows for natural comparisons. Friendship provides
opportunities for learning new skills. Friendship gives children a sense of belonging.
DIFFICULTY: Medium
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: GCSDAL.KOSTELNIK.09.08.01 - Describe the importance of children’s relationships
49. How do childhood friendships prepare children for adult relationships?

ANSWER: Through friendship, children practice a variety of social skills and social problem solving,
such as negotiating and creating trust.
DIFFICULTY: Medium
50. What are three problems associated with friendlessness that children may experience later in life?
ANSWER: Answers may include juvenile delinquency, dropping out of school, dishonorable
discharge from the military, psychiatric problems, and suicide.
DIFFICULTY: Medium
51. In children, which gender is characterized by exclusive friendship pairs?

ANSWER: Girls
DIFFICULTY: Easy
friendship.

52. List three pitfalls to avoid in supporting children’s friendships.
ANSWER: Answers may include barging in too quickly, missing opportunities to promote friendly
interactions, insisting that everyone be friends, requiring total togetherness, breaking up
friendships, and failing to recognize friendship cues.
DIFFICULTY: Medium
53. What two categories describe children who are rarely or never selected as friends?
ANSWER: neglected children and rejected children
DIFFICULTY: Medium
54. Name two strategies for assisting children in the process of friendship that would be appropriate to use with
preschool-age children.
ANSWER: Answers include shaping, modeling, cooperative activity, and play.
DIFFICULTY: Medium
55. List and describe three of the six strategies adults can use to assist children in the process of friendship.
ANSWER: Answers will vary.
DIFFICULTY: Medium

56. Design a friendship skit and identify the skill it addresses. Discuss how you would implement your skit with a group of
children.
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
57. Imagine that a parent has expressed concern that her 7-year-old daughter is frequently bossed around by her “best
friend.” Describe what you would tell this parent about her child’s behavior, in light of your knowledge of children’s
friendships. In addition, explain what you would tell the parent to do.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - NAEYC.SI.2 - Building family and community relationships
United States - NAEYC.SI.6 - Becoming a professional
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Applying
58. Tamara frequently interrupts other children who are talking together. Increasingly, children avoid her. Describe how
you would intervene in this situation, and provide a rationale for the approach you choose.
59. Describe the levels children go through in their understanding of the nature of friendship. Give examples of each level.
Explain why childhood professionals benefit from knowing these stages of development.
DIFFICULTY: Medium
friendship.

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Guiding Childrens Social Development

and Learning 9th Edition Kostelnik Test

3. What qualities characterize friendships in level one—one-way assistance?​

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2

8. What is the best approach to promoting friendships within a group of children?​

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4

14. Rejection by friends is to be expected throughout childhood.​

15. A lack of friends is known to cause juvenile delinquency.​

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6

28. Language skills have a major impact on friendship skills.​

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 9

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 10

40. A friendship skit can be used to model appropriate friendship skills.​

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 11

42. It is important to tell children in advance if their friend is moving away.​

43. Friendship skits are used only with school-age children.​

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Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 13

49. How do childhood friendships prepare children for adult relationships?​

51. In children, which gender is characterized by exclusive friendship pairs?​

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Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 15

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3. What qualities characterize friendships in level one—one-way assistance?

8. What is the best approach to promoting friendships within a group of children?

14. Rejection by friends is to be expected throughout childhood.

15. A lack of friends is known to cause juvenile delinquency.

28. Language skills have a major impact on friendship skills.

40. A friendship skit can be used to model appropriate friendship skills.

42. It is important to tell children in advance if their friend is moving away.

43. Friendship skits are used only with school-age children.

49. How do childhood friendships prepare children for adult relationships?

51. In children, which gender is characterized by exclusive friendship pairs?