Gr. 3 Report 1

PRACTICAL 12
RESEARCH 2
Drawing Conclusions
Cherry Mae Dioso - Los Amigos National High School

A module developed by DepEd-Davao City
Copyright Page
Writer:
CHERRY MAY C. DIOSO

SST-III
Los Amigos National High School
Evaluators:
ACHILLES CHARLES G. GRANDEZA

Group Leader
Crossing Bayabas National High School
RONNIE M. VALES
Team Leader
Bernardo D. Carpio National High School
ELSIE E. GAGABE
EPS-Research
Illustrator:
CARA KIANNA C. NATINO

Purok 3B Los Amigos, Tugbok District, Davao City

________________________________________
Information about this ADM learner’s material
I. Objectives: The learner demonstrates understanding of the
Ia. Content Standards guidelines in making conclusions.
Ib. Performance Standards The learner is able to form logical conclusions.
. Ic. Learning Competencies Draw conclusions from research findings
CS_RS12-IIh-j-1
II. Content / Topic Drawing Conclusions

Welcome. I am happy seeing you this far.
You are near to end of your research journey.
You were able to gather data and come up with
the findings of your study. But for you to have a
complete view of your paper, you need to draw
your research conclusions.
Thus, this module is designed in drawing
logical conclusions. Several activities were
provided in a simplified way for you to gain a
better understanding of the topic. And since the
formulation of conclusions can be drawn from
your findings, I highly recommend to have it with
you while reading this module.
Should you have any queries or
clarifications, please do not hesitate to contact
your teachers for they are ready to help you at all
times.

For us to be focused, we need to set forth
our goals in this lesson. As you go through the
activities, you will be able to:
a. define research conclusion;
b. list down the importance of drawing
conclusions from the findings
gathered;
c. formulate logical research conclusions
based from findings.

Introduction
After reading literature or maybe watching ‘teleserye’, we usually come up with
the summary, reflections, and learnings gained. We oftentimes give our own
conclusions, which provide a bridge to help us make the transition back to our lives. This
incident is somewhat true in a research paper. The researcher provides the final say on
the issues raised in the study. Hence, it is a big opportunity to make a good final
impression and to end on a positive note.
A good conclusion is considered the ‘wrap-up’ of the study (Lobetos, 2018). It
synthesizes the thoughts, demonstrates the importance of the ideas, and propels the
reader to a new view of the subject (The Writing Center, 2020).
I feel that you are excited to learn. Now, let us
continue your intellectual journey!

Picture Analysis
Instruction: Study the picture and answer the questions that follow.
1. What observation can you draw from the picture?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2. What made you say so? Cite at least two pieces of evidence.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
How do you find the activity? Well, this is just a
simple beginning with our endeavor.

What you have encountered in our previous
activity is the listing of observation based on the
evidences gathered. These evidences are the findings
Instruction: which could help much in drawing logical conclusions.
Guide Questions:
1. What do you think is needed to justify your observation?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2. What part of research paper can we use the pieces of evidence?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

At this point, you will be learning the main topic
of this module. The activities provided would better help
you draw logical conclusions from the findings stated.
Lesson: Drawing Conclusions
Conclusions
A conclusion is intended to help the readers understand the significance of
research to their lives (Kretchmer, 2003). It summarizes the main features, contains
insights from the findings, and directly answered the questions posted (Cristobal & De la
Cruz-Cristobal, 2017).
Importance of Drawing Logical Conclusions
Drawing logical conclusions are important for the following reasons:
1. It provides new knowledge and insights needed to help solve the problem (Latham,
2000).
2. It summarizes the main points of the paper (easylib.com., 2018).
3. It serves as bases for the formulation of the recommendations (Cristobal & De la
Cruz-Cristobal, 2017).

Tips in Writing Logical Conclusions
There are tips in writing logical conclusions. According to Lobetos (2018), an
effective logical conclusions should be:
➢ stated in a clear, concise, and brief manner;
➢ original and accurate;
➢ does not contain any number of measurements; and
➢ coincide with the number of specific findings.
Moreover, Cristobal and De la Cruz-Cristobal (2017) added that logical
conclusions should:
➢ based on the findings of the study;
➢ answer the stated problems; and
➢ give judgment whether it failed to reject or rejected the hypothesis formulated.
Drawing Conclusions
In order to write logical conclusions, it is important to identify the key points or ideas
presented from the findings gathered. There are suggested format provided but you are
still free to formulate your own conclusion.
Now, let us take a look with the examples.
1. For Descriptive Studies
Example 1
Research Title: The Level of Awareness on Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19)
among the Secondary Students in Davao City
Findings: Ninety percent of the secondary students are strongly aware of the
Corona Virus Disease.

Step 1: Identify the keyword or the important idea in the findings. Since it
is a descriptive study, the range of score, with its equivalent level is
our keyword.
Range of score = 90% ; Descriptive level = very high
Parameter Limit
Range of Score Descriptive Level
10% - 20% Very low
21% - 40% Low
41% - 60% Moderate
61% - 80% High
81% - 100% Very high
Step 2: After identifying the range of score and its equivalent level, write
the conclusion using this format.
Suggested Format:
Respondents + descriptive level + adjective describing the

behavior/performance
Conclusion:
Majority of the secondary students are very well oriented on the

respondents level adjective
effects of Corona Virus Disease in our lives.

describing the behavior/performance
2. For Comparative Studies
Research Title: The Perception on Corona Virus Disease and the Health
Practices among the Secondary Students in Davao City
Findings: There is a significant difference in the perception on COVID-19
among the secondary students when grouped according to health
practices.

Step 1: Identify the independent variable (variable A) and dependent
variable (variable B). Also, examine the hypothesis if it failed to
reject or rejected the null hypothesis.
Independent Variable (Variable A) = health practices
Dependent Variable (Variable B) = perception on COVID-19
Decision of Hypothesis = rejected the null hypothesis (there is a
significant difference)
Step 2: After identifying the key points, write the conclusion using this
format.
Suggested Format:
✓ For findings wherein the decision of the hypothesis is failed to reject the
null hypothesis, used the verb phrase, does not affect or do not affect
Independent Variable (Variable A) + does not affect/do not

affect + Dependent Variable (Variable B)
✓ For findings wherein the decision of the hypothesis is rejected, used the
verb affects/affect
Independent Variable (Variable A) + affects/affect +

Dependent Variable (Variable B)
Conclusion: Health practices affect perception on COVID-19.

independent variable verb dependent variable
3. For Correlation Studies
Research Title: Knowledge and Attitude toward COVID-19 among Healthcare
Workers at District 2 Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City
Findings: There is no significant relationship between the knowledge and attitude
toward COVID-19 among the Healthcare Workers.

Step 1: Identify the variable X, variable Y, the decision of the hypothesis
and the direction of the relationship, whether it is has a positive or
negative relationship.
Findings: There is no significant relationship between the knowledge and
attitude toward COVID-19 among the Healthcare Workers.
Variable X = knowledge
Variable Y = attitude
Decision of the hypothesis = failed to reject the hypothesis
Direction of the relationship = no significant relationship
format.
Suggested Format:
✓ For findings wherein the decision of the hypothesis is failed to reject, used
the adjective, decrease or lower.
An increase/decrease in X will not necessarily affect to the increase/decrease in

Y.
or
The higher/lower the X, the higher/lower the Y.
Conclusion: An increase/decrease in knowledge will not necessarily affect to

keyword X keyword
the increase/decrease in attitude toward COVID-19.

keyword Y
or
The higher/lower the knowledge, the higher/lower the attitude toward

keyword X keyword Y
COVID-19.

3.1 For Correlation Studies
Research Title: COVID-19 Readiness and Safety Measures’ Implementation
among the Public Schools in Davao City
Findings: There is a positive significant relationship between the COVID-19
readiness and safety measures implementation among the public
schools in Davao City.
Variable X = readiness
Variable Y = safety measures
Decision of the hypothesis = rejected the null hypothesis (there is a
significant relationship)
Direction of the relationship = positive
format.
Suggested Format:
Suggested Format:
✓ For findings wherein the decision of the hypothesis is rejected and it has a
✓ For positive relationship,
findings wherein used theofadjective,
the decision increase
the hypothesis is or higher
failed to inreject,
both variables.
used the
An increase
adjective, decreaseinorXlower.
will mean that there will also be an increase in Y.
or
The
A decrease in X will not higher theaffect
necessarily X, thetohigher the Y. in Y.
the decrease

Conclusion: An increase in readiness will mean that there will also be an
keyword X
increase in safety measures against COVID-19

keyword Y
or
The higher the readiness, the higher the safety measures against
keyword X keyword Y
COVID-19.
3.2 For Correlation Studies
Research Title: Exotic Animals’ Consumption and the Progression of Corona
Virus Disease in Wuhan City, China
Findings: There is a negative significant relationship between people’s
consumption of exotic animals and the progression of Corona Virus
Disease in Wuhan City, China.
Variable X = exotic animals’ consumption
Variable Y = Corona Virus Disease’s progression
Decision of the hypothesis = rejected the null hypothesis (there is a
significant relationship)
Direction of the relationship = negative

format.
Suggested Format:
Suggested Format:
✓ For findings wherein the decision of the hypothesis is rejected and it has a
✓ For negative
findings wherein the decision
relationship, of the
used the hypothesis
adjective, is failed
increase to reject,
or higher used the
in variable X
and decrease or lower in variable Y.
adjective, decrease or lower.
An increase in X will mean that there will be a decrease in Y.
A decrease in X will not necessarily affect
or to the decrease in Y.
The higher the X, the lower the Y.
Conclusion: An increase in exotic animals’ consumption will mean that there

keyword X
will be a decrease in the progression of the Corona Virus Disease in

keyword Y
Wuhan City, China.
or
The higher the consumption of exotic animals, the lower the Corona
keyword X keyword Y
Virus Disease’s progression in Wuhan City, China.
Since that you learned how to draw logical
conclusions from the research findings, you are now
ready to have a practice activity. You can apply the
learnings you gained from the discussions above.

What Can You Conclude?
Instruction: Draw logical conclusion/s from the findings of the study
given.
Activity 1: Descriptive Study
Research Title: The Level of Preparedness of the Healthcare Facilities in the
Philippines on COVID-19 Pandemic
Findings:
Healthcare facilities in the Philippines are 50% prepared on the COVID-19
pandemic.
Step 1: Identify the keyword or the important idea in the findings. Since it is a
descriptive study, the range of score, with its equivalent level is our
keyword.
Range of score = _____________ ; Descriptive level = ______________
Step 2: Write the conclusion using this format.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________.

Activity 2: Comparative Study
Research Title: Socio-economic Status and the Survival Rate of the COVID-19
Patients
Findings: There is no significant difference in the survival rate of the COVID-19
Patients when grouped according to socio-economic status.
Step 1: Identify the independent variable (variable A) and dependent variable
(variable B). Also, examine the hypothesis if it failed to reject or rejected
the null hypothesis.
Independent Variable = _________________________________

Dependent Variable = __________________________________
Decision of the Hypothesis = __________________ (_____________________)
format.
Independent Variable + affects/does not affect + Dependent Variable

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Activity 3: Correlation Study
Research Title: Survival Rate and Mortality Rate of the Corona Virus Disease
Findings: There is no significant relationship between the survival rate and the
mortality rate of the Corona Virus Disease.
Step 1: Identify the variable X, variable Y, the decision of the hypothesis and the
direction of the relationship, whether it is has a positive or negative
relationship.
Variable X = _______________________________________
Variable Y = _______________________________________

Decision of the Hypothesis = _________________________
Direction of the Relationship = _________________________
format.
An increase/decrease in X will not necessarily affect to the increase/decrease in Y.

or
______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________.
or
__________________________________, __________________________________.
Activity 3.1: Correlation Study
Research Title: Personal Hygiene and Recovery Rate of the Corona Virus
Disease
Findings: There is a positive significant relationship between personal hygiene
and the recovery rate of the Corona Virus Disease.
Variable X = _______________________________________
Variable Y = _______________________________________
format.
An increase in X will mean that there will also be an increase in Y.

or
The higher the X, the higher the Y.

______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________.
or
__________________________________, __________________________________.
Research Title: Prisoners’ Amnesty and COVID-19 Cases in the Philippines
Findings: There is a negative significant relationship between prisoners’ amnesty
and COVID-19 cases in the Philippines.
Step 1: Identify the variable X, variable Y, the decision of the hypothesis and the
direction of the relationship, whether it is has a positive or negative
relationship.
Variable X = _______________________________________
Variable Y = _______________________________________
format.

or
______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________.
or
__________________________________, __________________________________.

How well did you do in the practice test? Were
you able to get a perfect score? Well, if you won’t make
it, you still have more time for practice.
Always remember, in drawing conclusions,
anchored it from the findings itself.
GENERALIZATION
1. Research conclusion is the implications, insights, and evaluations of the study.
2. The following are the importance in drawing conclusions:
• It provides new knowledge and insights needed to help solve the problem;
• It summarizes the main points of the paper; and
• It serves as bases for the formulation of the recommendations.

Instruction: Formulate conclusion from the findings stated.
Research Title: Healthcare Practices among the Secondary Students in the Philippines
Findings: Seventy five percent of the secondary students are highly oriented with the
healthcare practices to fight COVID-19 crisis.
keyword.
Range of Score = _____________ ; Descriptive level = ___________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________.
Research Title: Age and Sanitation Protocol among the Chinese Healthcare Workers
Findings: There is a significant difference in the sanitation protocol among the
Chinese healthcare workers when grouped according to age.

Independent Variable = _________________________________

Dependent Variable = __________________________________
Decision of the Hypothesis = __________________ (_____________________)
format.

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Research Title: Social Media Engagement and Understanding toward COVID-19
among Secondary Students in Davao City
Findings: There is no significant relationship between social media engagement and
understanding towards COVID-19.
Step 1: Identify the variable X, variable Y, the decision of the hypothesis and
the direction of the relationship, whether it is has a positive or negative
relationship.
Variable X = _______________________________________
Variable Y = _______________________________________
format.
An increase/decrease in X will not necessarily affect to the increase/decrease in

Y.
or

______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________.
or
__________________________________, __________________________________.
Research Title: The Impact of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to the Wellness of
the Filipino Healthcare Workers
Findings: There is a very high positive significant relationship between the usage of
personal protective equipment and the wellness of the Filipino healthcare
workers.
relationship.
Variable X = _______________________________________
Variable Y = _______________________________________
format.

or
______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________.
or
__________________________________, __________________________________.

Research Title: Balik Probinsiya Program: Its Effect on COVID-19 Pandemic in
the Philippines
Findings: There is a low negative significant relationship between the
implementation of Balik Probinsiya Program and the COVID-19 pandemic in the
Philippines.
relationship.
Variable X = _______________________________________
Variable Y = _______________________________________
format.

or
______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________.
or
__________________________________, __________________________________.

Answer Key
Picture Analysis (Possible Answer)

1. A volunteer gives goods to the old woman during the COVID-19 pandemic.
2. a. He brings two bags of donations.
b. He wears mask and gloves.
Analysis (Possible Answer)

1. We need to have proofs or evidences.
2. In making or drawing conclusions
Let’s Do This
What Can You Conclude?

Research Title: The Level of Preparedness of the Healthcare Facilities in the

Philippines on COVID-19 Pandemic
Findings: Healthcare facilities in the Philippines are 50% prepared on the COVID-19
pandemic.
keyword.
Range of score = 50% ; Descriptive level = moderate

Respondents + descriptive level + adjective describing the behavior/performance
Healthcare facilities in the Philippines are partially ready on the COVID-19 pandemic.
Research Title: Socio-economic Status and the Survival Rate of the COVID-19
Patients
Findings: There is no significant difference in the survival rate of the COVID-19

Patients when grouped according to socio-economic status.

Independent Variable = socio-economic status
Dependent Variable = survival rate
Decision of the Hypothesis = failed to reject (there is no significant difference)

format.
Socio-economic status does not affect the survival rate of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Research Title: Survival Rate and Mortality Rate of the Corona Virus Disease
Findings: There is no significant relationship between the survival rate and the mortality
rate of the Corona Virus Disease.
relationship.
Variable X = survival rate
Variable Y = mortality rate
Decision of the Hypothesis = failed to reject
Direction of the Relationship = no significant relationship
format.
A/an increase/decrease in X will not necessarily affect to the increase/decrease in Y.
or
An increase/decrease in survival rate will not necessarily affect to the

increase/decrease in mortality rate.
or
The higher/lower the survival rate, the higher/lower the mortality rate.
Research Title: Personal Hygiene and Recovery Rate of the Corona Virus Disease
Findings: There is a positive significant relationship between personal hygiene and the
recovery rate of the Corona Virus Disease.
relationship.
Variable X = personal hygiene
Variable Y = recovery rate
Decision of the Hypothesis = rejected (there is a significant relationship)
Direction of the Relationship = positive

format.
or
An increase in personal hygiene will mean that there will also be an increase in
COVID-19 recovery rate.
or
The higher the personal hygiene, the higher the COVID-19 recovery rate.
Research Title: Prisoners’ Amnesty and COVID-19 Cases in the Philippines
Findings: There is a negative significant relationship between prisoners’ amnesty and

COVID-19 cases in the Philippines.
relationship.
Variable X = prisoners’ amnesty
Variable Y = COVID-19 cases
Direction of the Relationship = negative
format.
or
An increase in prisoners’ amnesty will mean that there will be a decrease in

COVID-19 cases.
or
The higher the prisoners’ amnesty, the lower the COVID-19 cases.
Let’s Test Ourselves
Research Title: Healthcare Practices among the Secondary Students in the Philippines
Findings: Seventy five percent of the secondary students are highly oriented with the

keyword.
Range of Score = 75% ; Descriptive level = high

Respondents + descriptive level + adjective describing the behavior/performance
Majority of the secondary students are more educated with the importance of
Research Title: Age and Sanitation Protocol among the Chinese Healthcare Workers
Findings: There is a significant difference in the sanitation protocol among the

Chinese healthcare workers when grouped according to age.

Independent Variable = age
Dependent Variable = sanitation protocol
Decision of the Hypothesis = rejected (there is a significant difference)
format.
Age affects sanitation protocol of the Chinese healthcare workers.
Research Title: Social Media Engagement and Understanding toward COVID-19

among Secondary Students in Davao City
Findings: There is no significant relationship between social media engagement and

relationship.
Variable X = social media engagement
Variable Y = understanding
Decision of the Hypothesis = failed to reject the hypothesis
Direction of the Relationship = no significant relationship

format.
A/an increase/decrease in X will not necessarily affect to the increase/decrease
in Y.
or
An increase/decrease of social media engagement will not necessarily affect to the

increase/decrease in understanding towards COVID-19.
or
The higher/lower the social media engagement, the higher/lower the
Research Title: The Impact of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to the Wellness of
the Filipino Healthcare Workers
Findings: There is a very high positive significant relationship between the usage of
personal protective equipment and the wellness of the Filipino healthcare
workers.
relationship.
Variable X = personal protective equipment
Variable Y = wellness
Direction of the Relationship = very high positive
format.
or
An increase in the usage of personal protective equipment will mean that there will also
be an increase in the wellness of the Filipino healthcare workers.
or
The higher the usage of personal protective equipment, the higher the wellness
of the Filipino healthcare workers.
Research Title: Balik Probinsiya Program: Its Effect on COVID-19 Pandemic in the
Philippines

Findings: There is a low negative significant relationship between the implementation
of Balik Probinsiya Program and the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines.
relationship.
Variable X = Balik Probinsiya Program
Variable Y = COVID-19
Direction of the Relationship = low negative
format.
or
An increase in the implementation of Balik Probinsiya Program will mean that there will
be a decrease in the cases of COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines.
or
The higher the implementation of Balik Probinsiya Program, the lower the number of
COVID-19 cases in the Philippines.
References:
Cristobal, A., & De la Cruz-Cristobal, M.C. (2017). Practical Research 2. C & E
Publishing, Inc.
Easylib.com. (2018). How to write a conclusion for a research paper. Retrieved July 1,
2020 from https://essay-lib.com/write-conclusion-research-paper/.
Kretchmer, P. (2003). Conclusions: The Writing Center. Twelve Steps to Writing an
Effective Conclusion. San Francisco: University of North Carolina.
Latham, J. (2000). Drawing conclusions. Research Gate. Academia.edu.
Lobetos, M. (2018). Drawing logical conclusions from research findings. Retrieved June
23, 2020 from slideshare.net.
The Writing Center. (2020). Conclusions. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina.

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PRACTICAL 12

Cherry Mae Dioso - Los Amigos National High School

CHERRY MAY C. DIOSO

ACHILLES CHARLES G. GRANDEZA

CARA KIANNA C. NATINO

Cherry Mae Dioso - Los Amigos National High School

I. Objectives: The learner demonstrates understanding of the

Ia. Content Standards guidelines in making conclusions.

Ib. Performance Standards The learner is able to form logical conclusions.

. Ic. Learning Competencies Draw conclusions from research findings

II. Content / Topic Drawing Conclusions

Cherry Mae Dioso - Los Amigos National High School

You are near to end of your research journey.

You were able to gather data and come up with

the findings of your study. But for you to have a

complete view of your paper, you need to draw

your research conclusions.

Thus, this module is designed in drawing

logical conclusions. Several activities were

provided in a simplified way for you to gain a

better understanding of the topic. And since the

formulation of conclusions can be drawn from

your findings, I highly recommend to have it with

you while reading this module.

Should you have any queries or

clarifications, please do not hesitate to contact

your teachers for they are ready to help you at all

Cherry Mae Dioso - Los Amigos National High School

our goals in this lesson. As you go through the

activities, you will be able to:

a. define research conclusion;

b. list down the importance of drawing

conclusions from the findings

c. formulate logical research conclusions

based from findings.

Cherry Mae Dioso - Los Amigos National High School

After reading literature or maybe watching ‘teleserye’, we usually come up with

impression and to end on a positive note.

A good conclusion is considered the ‘wrap-up’ of the study (Lobetos, 2018). It

reader to a new view of the subject (The Writing Center, 2020).

I feel that you are excited to learn. Now, let us

continue your intellectual journey!

Cherry Mae Dioso - Los Amigos National High School

1. What observation can you draw from the picture?

How do you find the activity? Well, this is just a

simple beginning with our endeavor.

Cherry Mae Dioso - Los Amigos National High School

activity is the listing of observation based on the

evidences gathered. These evidences are the findings

Instruction: which could help much in drawing logical conclusions.

1. What do you think is needed to justify your observation?

2. What part of research paper can we use the pieces of evidence?

Cherry Mae Dioso - Los Amigos National High School

of this module. The activities provided would better help

you draw logical conclusions from the findings stated.

Lesson: Drawing Conclusions

A conclusion is intended to help the readers understand the significance of

Importance of Drawing Logical Conclusions