Final BLS Chapter 1 3 1

NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg. Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmarinas, Cavite 18

College of Architecture
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION OF THE STUDY
A. INTRODUCTION
One of the main contributing factors to the growth of the economy is the labor
employment. According to the Department of Labor and employment (DOLE), the
types of employment status can be classified as to the kind of work that an employee
and an employer agree upon when a work contract is signed. In a sense, DOLE
classified the three main types of employment status in the Philippines: employees,
workers, and self-employed. Employees are defined as the people who have the most
rights and entitlements from the contract they signed with their employers. On the other
hand, self-employed are independent contractors with no long-term contract and
employers. The workers therefore are classified between the employment and self-
employment status. This means that they can either have a temporary or long-term
contracts with various or single employer.
In the corporate market, the employment-status are defined base on the size of
the business and the company. Companies with long-term employment are usually
providing larger services and productions therefore demands more long-term contract
labor forces. On the other hand, small businesses tend to have on call workers with
contracts made upon and the duration of project is set and determined. Self-
employment is where the business is themselves and they usually do all the service
and work alone or with a very small number of people.
According to the study on business growth (2021), the growing population of
business sectors also increases economic revenue, customer base, market share, and
“RE-ENVISIONING CO-WORKING SPACES: A PROPOSED MULTI USE SPACE

THROUGH BIOPHILIC APPROACH”
production of more goods. Since every business has a different environment, there is
no one universal formula for calculating the business growth. Yet, the expansion of a
business is still shown by the rise in earnings, clients, or market share.
B. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The economy is always influenced heavily by elements related to labor, cost,
and wages. This has led to outsourcing of labor to numerous nations. When labor is
inexpensive, the company will immediately choose it to start a plant or production.
Most international outsourcing companies choose to rent local corporate offices to start
hiring local employees. Generally speaking, the term corporate office refers to a
company's main office, where the majority of strategic decisions are made and where
corporate officials have their offices. A corporate office is, in other terms, the principal
or headquarters office of a business. Business offices typically offer workspaces that
are used alone by the owner and the staff. Typically, the premises are rented in a
contract with the property owner and agree to a pre-determined term for years and the
responsibility to design and equip the offices is up to the business owner. This
promotes branding and corporate culture since the whole office can be designed to
reflect the requirements and ideals of the organization. Additionally, it is easier to
control the overall security and the privacy of the business.
In the current corporate market, there are alternative business offices that are
thriving and more appealing to the business professionals. Rather than a traditional
office layout, corporate professionals are increasingly favoring shared areas with a
choice for working spaces, such as a private serviced office inside an open-plan office
or a separate desk in a public area. The most important benefit of shared space is its
flexibility as compared to traditional offices. The payment often includes everything,

including energy consumption, a phone line, email, postal service, and reception with
no long-term leases which allow a flexible rent duration choice including the freedom
to change the amount of physical space needed to use as it will be temporarily rented.
Larger businesses may also negotiate long-term leases, which strike the ideal balance
between flexibility and affordability. Also, the space can be immediately occupied with
complete furnishings, as well as a number of additions and available meeting space
set-ups. In shared spaces, the individuals with similar abilities and expertise have the
opportunity to work alongside which promotes productivity and connectivity. As such,
this type of spaces is preferred by most of the self-employed and small business
owners.
C. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
As part of the ongoing efforts to promote the growth of the financial and capital
market of the Philippines, the corporate industry is taking into consideration the
increasing number of start-ups and freelance works and other profitable businesses to
grow in the market. On the other hand, there is also an increasing population of under
graduate sector who pursue careers related to business and corporate market.
However, the existing facilities to serve this type of groups are seen lacking, not
inclusive and outdated to support the needs of the growing business industry.
Specifically, these aspects raise problems such as:
• Inconvenience of increasing time consumed for people who regularly
commutes to go to work or to school.
• Negative effects to the economic value of the growth of the informal
economy and unregistered businesses.

• Decrease in productivity, creativity, and lack of good working environment
of office workers.
• Distractions and increase in stress level of the of the students and
professionals.
• Privacy and cyber security issues for online businesses.
• High overall energy consumption and operational cost of buildings.
D. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
In order to cater the growing population of corporate market, the researchers
see the importance of re-envisioning structures that will support the increasing needs
of these group, as well as to address the inability of the existing shared space facilities
to offer an inclusive and personalize workspace.
Specifically, the researchers aim to fulfill the following objectives:
• Provide an alternative workplace that is closer and more accessible to
corporate workers living far from the central business district offices.
• Propose a shared space that will accommodate the students, freelance
workers, work from home employees, entrepreneurs, and start-up and
small business owners.
• Apply a social-interactive, artistic, and conventional work environment
plan lay-out to the proposed shared facilities and amenities.
• Propose spaces that will help maintain a healthy wellbeing and will allow
the users to be actively engage.
• Provide a proper zoning plan to separate private, semi-private and public
spaces to control unnecessary crowding and access to each area and
provide an effective cyber security plan.

• Apply a biophilic design approach to make use of the natural environment
and decreases reliance to artificial energies.
E. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The scope of the study will be developing innovative design and planning
approach to re-envision a shared space to be more inclusive and personalize
workspace. Prior to this, research will be conducted to support and guide the
development of this study. The main focus of the study will be on the re-envisioning of
co-working space through the proposed biophilic design approach which includes the
planning of individual, shared and whole space leasable facilities and adjacent shared
amenities that will increase the productivity of the building users. General space
requirements, standards and parameters, and pertinent laws for the study will be
observed. The study will delve in the architectural aspect, landscape and lighting topics
but will briefly touch upon the structural concept and the concepts formulating the utility
systems such as sanitary, plumbing, and electrical works.
Due to the stringent guidelines required from the researchers, the data
gatherings will be delimited to the 25 purposively selected samples and one
professional interview. The researchers also conducted a case study in CoWork
Central – Imus, Cavite to gather more relevant data for the research.
The main data gathering method is through internet for electronic survey and
references. Other data are gathered through online interview with the available experts
who have deep knowledge about the study. The gathering of data for site selection will
be based only on the CLUP and online data such as various types of maps and Google
Earth. Also, due to time constraint, the gathered data will only be limited and may not

precisely cover all the scope of the study. The duration of the study will be conducted
within the second semester of the academic year 2022-2023.
Specifically, the researchers should provide the following:
• Concept Board
• Site Development Plan
• Floor Plans
• Elevations
• Sections
• Architectural Bay Section
• Exterior Perspective
• Interior Perspective
• Architectural Model
F. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study will be beneficial to the following:
Securities and Exchange Commission. The study will help in providing data of the
coworking spaces which will help the agency in the registration and supervision of all
corporations and partnerships of representative offices and branch offices who prefers
using alternative corporate offices like co-working spaces.
Department of Labor and Employment. The study will help in providing data on the
needs of the corporate professionals to help the agency create favorable laws for the
employees, self-employed and workers who uses a co-working space, through the

data interpreted from the experience of the gathered survey respondents and the
conducted professional interview.
City of Dasmariñas. The study will help in providing data towards the benefits of
coworking spaces to the corporate professional residents of the city through the data
interpreted from the experience of the gathered survey respondents and the
Work from Home Employees. The study will help in interpreting the personal
workspace preference of the work from home employees in a co-working space
through the data interpreted from the experience of the gathered survey respondents
and the conducted professional interview.
Small Business Owners. The study will help in interpreting the personal workspace
preference of the small business owners in a co-working space through the data
interpreted from the experience of the gathered survey respondents and the
Entrepreneurs. The study will help in interpreting the personal workspace preference
of the entrepreneurs in a co-working space through the data interpreted from the
experience of the gathered survey respondents and the conducted professional
interview.
Students. The study will help in interpreting the personal study space preference of
the students in a co-working space through the data interpreted from the experience
of the gathered survey respondents and the conducted professional interview.
Freelance Workers. The study will help in interpreting the personal workspace
preference of the freelance workers in a co-working space through the data interpreted

from the experience of the gathered survey respondents and the conducted
professional interview.
Future Researchers. The study will help in providing data for business offices,
specifically the co-working spaces and other related topics that can serve as a
reference for their own related research and study.
G. DEFINITION OF TERMS
The study uses the following terms defined below.
Co-working space. An arrangement in which workers from different companies share
an office space. It allows cost savings and convenience through the use of common
infrastructures, such as equipment, utilities and receptionist and custodial services,
and in some cases refreshments and parcel acceptance services.
Individual Workspace. It can be an enclosed single private office or a cubicle desk
space which accommodates one person at a time. These spaces are commonly used
by individual professionals or a freelance worker.
Shared Workspace. An open plan with table set-up, chairs and other shared
equipment where different people can use or rent at the same time. The idea is to
share the use of the facility with other individuals with similar expertise. This space is
commonly used by students and other walk-in clients.
Whole or Group Workspace. An exclusive space for small businesses or companies
with few members or number of employees. The idea is to rent the entire space to be
used alone by a certain group or company for their business.

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
A. REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
A. 1. Local Studies
A. 1. a. 8 Rockwell
Image 1. Common Ground Cowork Space at 8 Rockwell
Image source: 8rockwell.com
Common Ground hot desk, fixed desk, private office, virtual office, enterprise,
meeting room, day pass area, and events spaces. They have three (3) branches in the
Philippines and are located at Rockwell Center in Makati City, and two areas at IBP
Tower Ortigas Center in Pasig City. They also have international branches in Thailand
and Malaysia.
Common Ground is one of the successful co-working spaces here in the
Philippines. Common Ground is a thriving co-working space located in the Philippines.
With its modern and stylish facilities, it has become a hub for businesses to conduct
their operations more efficiently, achieve their goals, and enhance productivity. The

space has been designed to meet the demands of today's fast-paced business world,
providing a professional and comfortable environment for both employees and clients
The researchers’ observation has focused on the architectural design of
Common Ground and how it allows customers to be flexible in their workspace.
Common Ground focuses on its flexibility, allowing users to be creative in their spaces
and providing a variety of interior styles with a touch of nature. The space has been
designed to cater to the needs of businesses of all sizes, from startups to established
corporations.
Image 2. Common Ground Fixed Desk and Day Pass at 8 Rockwell

Image source: 8rockwell.com
Their rooms are spacious where you can still input other equipment that a
customer needed. The entire structure gives enough space that allows clients to move
freely without disturbing others who are working. The main highlight of this
establishment is the ground floor, where guests can unwind and connect with others
in the expansive lounges that offer stunning city views. Also, they have incorporated
plants that improve air quality, creativity, stress reduction, and mood stabilization.

However, it would be even better if they installed ceiling baffles or wall panels to
improve the acoustics, as lounges tend to generate noise. Also, it would have been
even better if Common Ground had included a leisure area for clients to engage in
physical activity after a long day of work. This would help to alleviate the stress that
many individuals experience in their professional lives by incorporating a space for
exercise or relaxation.
A. 1. b. Clock In
Image 3. Cowork Space Clock In in Ayala Land
Image source: clockinayalaland.com
Clock In by Ayala Land Offices offers co-working, serviced offices, meeting
rooms, private office, virtual office service, and event space. This co-working space
has branches at Ayala Avenue Makati City, BGC Taguig, Mindanao Avenue Quezon
City, and Alabang Muntinlupa with a total of seven (7) branches in the Philippines. It is
Ayala Land's first serviced office and co-working space, was launched in 2017, in
response to the country's rising number of start-up businesses and the demand for
facilities to support their operations.

Image 4. Cowork Space Clock In in BGC at Bonifacio High Street
Image source: bgcclockin.com
This coworking space has numerous branches throughout Metro Manila, clients
have the freedom to choose the location and type of office that best suits their needs.
The spacious areas ensure that individuals can move around without disturbing others.
Its architectural style is a modern-industrial vibe with colorful furniture adding a pop of
personality.
However, they lack acoustic panels and buffers that will filter noise.
Incorporating green areas or pots on plants is a great way to reduce noise by
absorbing sound and making the users to be more focus on their work. The addition
of partitions would provide privacy for different groups, especially in shared spaces.
On the bright side, the private offices allow users to rearrange tables and add furniture
to their liking. This coworking space offers a unique and stylish atmosphere for
professionals seeking a flexible workspace. With a wide network of branches and

customizable options, it's a great choice for those looking to work in a dynamic and
modern environment.
A. 1. c. WeRemote
Image 5. Cowork Space WeRemote at Ortigas
Image source: weremote.com
WeRemote offers spaces for Startups, Small Businesses, eCommerce Sellers,
Freelancers, Professionals, and anyone looking to hire top talent in the Philippines and
provides Office Spaces, Enterprise-Grade Internet, to Computers & Tablets, Gadgets,
Furniture, Shipping Supplies, and Business Support Services. They’ve started at the
year of 2019 and has nine (9) branches at Alabang, Makati, BGC and Ortigas with a
total of 5 branches in the Philippines.
This coworking space is a haven for freelancers, entrepreneurs, and students
alike, offering a lot of facilities to cater to their needs. The stunning murals create a
sense of community, beautify the space, express historical and cultural identity, and
inspire creativity. The colorful interiors exude a playful vibe, making it a fun and inviting

place to work. They have a nap area, the lounge has game areas, and ample space
for companies to rent, providing users with the utmost comfort.
Image 6. Shared Space in WeRemote at Ortigas
Image source: weremote.com
However, incorporating some green spaces or plants would enhance
productivity and create a more inviting atmosphere, and promote focus and creativity
while working. Additionally, certain private offices lack privacy windows, leaving users
feeling exposed and vulnerable.
Furthermore, the building's architecture fails to provide adequate acoustic
insulation and scenic outdoor views, which could greatly benefit everyone by
enhancing comfort and promoting positive emotions. While the offices are functional,
they can feel a bit crowded and small for their allotted capacity.
This coworking space is a great choice for individuals seeking a dynamic and
stimulating workspace. The users will be able to work in their own phase as the spaces
offered are designed with flexibility and base on their needs.

A. 2. Foreign Studies
A. 2. a. The Vibes Co Space
Image 7. The Vibes Co Space Shared Space
Image source: thevibes.co
The Vibes is a bioclimatic office building located at Vietnam with a diversity of
open spaces and greeneries, enough to create a tranquil and peaceful resort vibe right
in an urban area. They offer private office, dedicated desk and an open plan seating.
Its design has incorporated Natural light, natural ventilation, good air quality,
comfortable temperature, and low noise level that meets healthy building standards.
The researchers' observation focuses on the architectural features of the
building, which have been well-incorporated with biophilic elements. The building
boasts an eco-friendly design, incorporating both traditional and organic materials on
its façade. It is also climate-responsive, with careful attention paid to natural ventilation
and user comfort through thoughtful space planning. The bamboo sunshade serves
as a filter, reducing thermal radiation on the glass facades while also providing natural
ventilation.

The building's interior is equally impressive, featuring a unique combination of
kinetic bamboo skin and transparent partition walls that create a see-through massing
fabric. The design gives stunning visual effects within the building's interior. In addition
to providing ample open spaces, this organization actively promotes outdoor activities,
recognizing the benefits of fresh air and a connection with nature. By embracing the
Biophilic approach, the facilities are thoughtfully designed to seamlessly integrate with
the natural environment, resulting in a successful and sustainable outcome.
Image 8. Private meeting, Shared space and outdoor areas
Image source: thevibes.co
The facilities have been well-planned to cater to the needs of coworking.
Adequate clearances have been provided for each space and room, and the acoustics
have been well thought out and ensures the privacy of all users. Additionally, the
spaces have been designed to accommodate any additional equipment that users may
have. Indoor and outdoor office areas provide users with the flexibility to choose where
they work, making it a great option for those who prefer a change of scenery.

However, incorporating additional amenities such as a leisure area can provide
a wonderful opportunity to alleviate stress and burnout, in addition to enjoying the
building's scenic views. This can greatly enhance the overall experience and
satisfaction of the occupants.
A. 2. b. Second Home Shared Space
Image 9. Second Home Shared Space
Image source: secondhome.io
Second Home Coworking Space provides a range of flexible workspace options
to suit user needs, including flex studios, private offices, permanent desks, hot desks,
day passes, and studio day passes. With four (4) locations in London - Spitalfields,
London Fields, Clerkenwell Green, and Holland Park - as well as branches in Lisbon
and Hollywood, Los Angeles, as they offer a global network of inspiring workspaces.
It is also the US site was crowned by Arch daily as the Best Office Building of
the Year 2020 The researchers' observation in a coworking space that is known as
one of the greenest buildings in Europe. This space boasts thousands of plants and
trees that act as partitions for privacy, reduce background noise, and improve air

quality. The area is spacious and abundant with greenery, ensuring that users will not
feel crowded or isolated. Additionally, the automatic roof opens at night to allow cool
air to circulate.
Image 10. Second Home Outdoor Spaces
Image source: secondhome.io
Every design of the space has truly maximized its potential by incorporating lots
of green spaces, natural lighting, ceiling and wall acoustic panels, and a blend of
neutral and vibrant colors to create a lively and enjoyable atmosphere. The curved
walls offer a 360-degree view of nature, further enhancing the space's appeal.
Users can take advantage of a wide range of amenities, including outdoor
spaces, yoga areas, event spaces, and more. This coworking space is a prime
example of how thoughtful design can create a productive and enjoyable work
environment. The design also depicted the natural shapes which makes the structure
suitable to its natural environment. The landscapes also highlighted and enhanced the
outdoor spaces. Although the clustered formation of the rooms make it quite anti
sociable for the users.

A. 2. c. Green Spaces
Image 11. Green Spaces Shared Area
Image source: greenspaces.com
The Green Spaces in Denver offers a day pass, shared space/jungle club, 24/7
lounge, pod desk, private desk, and private office. They also provide an in-house cafe
& bar, marketplace, creative programs, and a pet-friendly facility. Green Spaces is
committed to sustainability. The building is powered entirely by the sun with its 160
solar panels.
The researchers have observed that the architectural design of this coworking
space mostly utilizes wood material, with the addition of brick walls to regulate the
temperature by storing heat and cool air. The use of earth tones complements the
potted plants, creating a natural and relaxing atmosphere for users. The space is well
planned, with ample clearance, sufficient space for users, and partitions for privacy.
The designers have also prioritized the well-being of users by incorporating plants
throughout the area, as well as providing a yoga area, sound healing, and massage

rooms. Overall, this coworking space is a thoughtfully designed and welcoming
environment that promotes productivity and relaxation.
Image 12. Green Spaces Shared Work Area
Image source: greenspaces.com
Having a coworking space that offers 24/7 access provides users with the
freedom to finish their work at any time, without being limited by closing hours. This
allows them to utilize the green spaces facility whenever they need it. By marketing
this feature, it will be more convenient for everyone to come here any time. The Jungle
Club also allows users to connect with different individuals and businesses, which can
broaden their knowledge and help them grow professionally.
However, aside from plants that will absorbs background noise, incorporating
acoustic panels will benefit the users to not be disturb when they’re working. However,
in addition to utilizing noise absorbing plants, the incorporation of acoustic panels can
greatly benefit users by minimizing disruptions during work. These panels effectively
absorb sound waves, reducing the amount of noise that travels throughout the space
and allowing for a more peaceful and productive environment. By implementing both

natural and technological solutions, the workspace can be optimized for maximum
efficiency and comfort.
B. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
B. 1. Related Local Literature
The growing interest of office employees in a flexible workplace set up was seen
relatively growing even after the emergence of the pandemic. According to the results
of Job Street’s Global Talent Survey, 80 percent of the Filipinos prefer jobs that are
either remote or hybrid. The results also projected the productivity of full-time
employees working from home having a percentage of 34% of the workforce by 2023,
compared to the previous 3% in 2019.
Flexible workplace has been used in the country as early as 2017 as alternative
options for special case employees. How ever, it became more necessary during the
pandemic as part of safety precaution of many companies. Work from home and other
alternative workplace emerge to cater the number of employees mostly virtual offices
related. Coworking space became highly in demand specially in the capital cities for it
offers spaces that accommodate working individuals.
According to the 2017 Colliers International study, there is a projected 10%
growth in the coworking space market in the Philippines. The study entitled “Mining
Millennials: Finding Gold in Co-working Spaces”, it is concluded that the increasing
number of freelancers and online professionals is mainly the reason for the rise of
coworking spaces. The study also identified coworking spaces as the third type of
“flexible offices”, along with Serviced Offices and Hosted Service Providers (BPO). In
conclusion to the study, it is undeniable that there has been a rapid increase in the
number of coworking spaces.

B. 2. Related Foreign Literature
Flexible work spaces have been highly recognized internationally as the world
economic forum discusses its benefits to the productivity of the office workers.
According to an International Labour Organization, the convenience that this work set
up gives to the employees allow a shorter hour and improve work-life balance and
company productivity.
According to the author of the “Working Time and Work-Life Balance Around
the World”, Asian and people work in Pacific works longer on an average of (47.4 hours
per week), mostly in Southern Asia and Eastern Asia compared to the average working
hours per week in North America and Europe and Central Asia, particularly in Northern,
Southern and Western Europe.
A study entitled Collaboration Overload is Sinking Productivity (2021),
comparing the length of time one worker spent on average in a traditional workplace
set up and a workplace with flexible hours set up, the productivity of both subjects is
decreasing and increasing in random patterns, however, the decrease in productivity
and tardiness is observed higher in traditional set up than in the flexible set up. This
shows a significant difference on terms of workplace set up.
It is seen that the future of flexibility at work is significantly affecting the
performance and productivity of the employees, specifically the traditional office
workers. Various studies had proven the benefits of considering alternative flexible
workplaces. However, Harvard Business review emphasized in their study that
flexibility will be based upon the organization. Their study about the flexibility at work
shows that some organizations does not totally benefit from this kind of work set up.

C. PROJECT LOCAL
Image 13. Saltran 1 Dasmariñas City, Cavite
Image Source: Google Earth
C. 1. Background
The city has a land area of 90.13 square kilometers or 34.80 square miles which
constitutes 5.91% of Cavite's total area.
C. 2. Brief History of Dasmariñas City Cavite
Dasmariñas was named after Gómez Pérez Dasmariñas, the 7th Spanish
governor-general of the Philippines who served from 1590 to 1593. After his death, his
son Luis Pérez Dasmariñas became the governor-general from 1593 to 1596. Pérez
Dasmariñas came from San Miguel das Negradas of Viveiro, in Galicia, Spain.
Dasmarias literally refers to "from As Marias" and comes from the Galician word
mario, which means "of the coast, seaside, or shore" and comes from the Spanish
word mar, which means "sea." As Marias is the name of the coastal region of Lugo

that combines the comarcas of A Maria Occidental, A Maria Central, and A Maria
Oriental.
C. 3. Data Presentation of Dasmariñas Clup Demography
Dasmariñas is located 30 kilometers south of Metro Manila and 11kilometers
from the provincial capital of Cavite, the City of Dasmariñas has a land area of 9,013
hectares. The general topography of the City of Dasmariñas is partly lowland and
partly hilly with ravines located along rivers at Barangays Sampaloc I & II and
Langkaan I & II that are susceptible to landslide.
C. 3. a. Demography
One of the fastest growing cities in the Province of Cavite, the City of
Dasmariñas currently has a population of 659,019 based on National Statistics Office
(NSO) census.
C. 3. b. Population Growth
Its population as determined by the 2020 Census was 703,141. This
represented 16.18% of the total population of Cavite province, or 4.34% of the overall
population of the CALABARZON region. Based on these figures, the population
density is computed at 7,801 inhabitants per square kilometer or 20,205 inhabitants
per square mile.
Population
Barangay Population (2020)
percentage (2020)
Burol 1.69% 11,902
Burol I 2.46% 17,287
Burol II 0.86% 6,025
Burol III 1.55% 10,921
Datu Esmael 1.13% 7,969
Emmanuel Bergado I 1.14% 8,002

Emmanuel Bergado II 0.40% 2,796

Fatima I 0.96% 6,782
Fatima II 0.61% 4,305
Fatima III 0.52% 3,684
H-2 1.32% 9,306
Langkaan I 3.83% 26,939
Langkaan II 4.79% 33,651
Luzviminda I 0.51% 3,565
Luzviminda II 0.69% 4,868
Paliparan I 1.44% 10,125
Paliparan II 2.96% 20,804
Paliparan III 10.37% 72,945
Sabang 2.46% 17,329
Saint Peter I 0.33% 2,287
Saint Peter II 0.35% 2,471
Salawag 11.20% 78,778
Salitran I 0.73% 5,158
Salitran II 1.75% 12,337
Salitran III 2.19% 15,396
Salitran IV 1.68% 11,819
Sampaloc I 1.09% 7,662
Sampaloc II 2.59% 18,225
Sampaloc III 1.96% 13,807
Sampaloc IV 5.93% 41,678
Sampaloc V 0.46% 3,252
San Agustin I 1.70% 11,971
San Agustin II 1.66% 11,692
San Agustin III 1.45% 10,178
San Andres I 0.61% 4,259
San Andres II 0.48% 3,405
San Antonio de Padua I 0.48% 3,407
San Antonio de Padua II 0.44% 3,062
San Dionisio 0.96% 6,741
San Esteban 0.65% 4,583
San Francisco I 0.44% 3,099
San Francisco II 0.48% 3,363
San Isidro Labrador I 0.69% 4,834
San Isidro Labrador II 0.35% 2,463
San Jose 1.70% 11,925
San Juan 0.52% 3,667
San Lorenzo Ruiz I 0.47% 3,311

San Lorenzo Ruiz II 0.61% 4,275

San Luis I 0.56% 3,963
San Luis II 0.62% 4,336
San Manuel I 0.40% 2,822
San Manuel II 0.37% 2,581
San Mateo 0.70% 4,950
San Miguel 0.59% 4,118
San Miguel II 0.32% 2,272
San Nicolas I 0.29% 2,071
San Nicolas II 0.65% 4,576
San Roque 0.41% 2,855
San Simon 0.89% 6,242
Santa Cristina I 0.47% 3,307
Santa Cristina II 0.50% 3,505
Santa Cruz I 0.73% 5,112
Santa Cruz II 0.30% 2,138
Santa Fe 0.90% 6,314
Santa Lucia 0.79% 5,534
Santa Maria 0.72% 5,068
Santo Cristo 0.65% 4,551
Santo Niño I 0.41% 2,859
Santo Niño II 0.39% 2,737
Victoria Reyes 1.97% 13,838
Zone I 0.60% 4,219
Zone I-B 0.80% 5,595
Zone II 0.24% 1,677
Zone III 0.54% 3,821
Zone IV 0.54% 3,770
Dasmariñas Total Population: 703,141
Table 1. Population of Barangays in Dasmariñas
Data Source: National Statistics Office (NSO) census 2020
The population projection by Barangay using the standard 3.68 annual growth
will show that Barangay Zone II remains the less populated among the 75 barangays
with a population of 1,806 while Barangay Salawag remains its political status as the
most populated barangay for the year 2025 with a population of 115,021.

C. 4. Physical Features and Environmental Condition
C. 4. a. Climate
The City of Dasmariñas has two pronounced seasons - wet and dry. Wet
season covers the period from May to December while the dry season is from January
to April. The east-southeast monsoon prevails over the area from December to May
while south westerly winds blow during the rainy season from June to August with
heavy downpour. The wettest month for the City of Dasmariñas is July with an average
of 420.0 millimeters of precipitation while the driest month is April with only 10.5
millimeters of precipitation.
The temperature in Dasmariñas has been noted to range from below 60°F to
about 90°F. Further, south, however, where there is higher elevation, the temperature
becomes as cool as 50°F during the Christmas season. For the month of January, the
daily average ‘maximum temperature is 30°C with the average minimum of 24°C, while
in June, the average ‘maximum is 33°C with a minimum of 26°C.
C. 4. b. Topography
The City of Dasmariñas is partly lowland and partly hill. The Poblacion itself is
elevated. From an elevation of 80 meters at the Poblacion, the land rises to 250 meters
towards Silang.
Generally, the land near rivers and creeks are rugged. It is outside the typhoon
belt and has no fault line constraints. Further, it is served by natural drainage system
since it is traversed by several rivers and water tributaries draining to the Manila Bay.

Map 1. Dasmariñas Contour Map
Source: Dasmariñas CLUP
The city is 40 meters to 200 meters above sea level. Most of the barangays
located in the Northern areas are in lower sea level which represents the colors in
shades of green and blue while the Southern parts are in higher elevations as it is
closer to the mountainous part of the city.

C. 4. c. Slope
Map 2. Dasmariñas Slope Map
The figure above shows the slope of Dasmariñas land. Most of the land have a
slope of more than 5% with some spot having 18%. Dasmariñas is partly lowland and
partly hilly. The Poblacion itself is elevated. From an elevation of 80 meters (260 ft) at
the Poblacion, the land rises to 250 meters (820 ft) towards Silang. Generally, land
near rivers and creeks are rugged.

C. 4. d. Soil
Map 3. Dasmariñas Soil Suitability Map
The soils of the City are of fair, poor and good suitability classified as
Guadalupe, Magallanes and Carmona Series. Under each series, the soil types are
Guadalupe clay loam and Guadalupe clay abode, Magallanes clay loam and
Magallanes loam and Carmona clay loam and Carmona clay, respectively.

C. 5. Data Presentation of Dasmariñas Geohazard
C. 5. a. Ground Shaking Hazard
Map 4. Dasmariñas Ground Shaking Hazard Map
The ground shaking geohazard map shows that the whole City is vulnerable at
a rated PEIS (PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale) Intensity VII and above.

C. 5. b. Rain-Induced Landslide Hazard
Map 5. Dasmariñas Ground Shaking Hazard Map
The City Landslide Hazard Map shows that rain-induced landslide in the
portions of Barangays Langkaan I, Langkaan II, Sampaloc I, and Sampaloc II has
moderate susceptibility. The earthquake-induced landslide area map shows that a

portion of Barangays Langkaan I, Sampaloc II, and Sampaloc V were rated as possible
landslide depositional/ affected zones.
C. 6. Existing Physical Infrastructure
C. 6. a. Sectoral Analysis
Map 6. Dasmariñas Sectoral Analysis - Education Map

The city of Dasmariñas has the greatest number of schools in the province of
Cavite with a total of 206. With 23 registered colleges and universities, around 119
registered elementary and secondary private schools and 64 public elementary and
secondary schools.
C. 6. b. Road Network
Map 7. Dasmariñas Road Network Map

The city has a total road network of 836.14 hectares in which roads are
classified into National, Provincial, City, Barangay and Subdivision roads. Aguinaldo
Highway is a national highway traversing the City of Dasmariñas. It originated from
Coastal Road that links Metro Manila to Tagaytay City. This road serves as the central
development spine that links the City of Dasmariñas to neighboring cities and
municipalities and to Metro Manila. The major roads in the city include Aguinaldo
Highway, Salitran-Salawag Road/Jose Abad Santos Avenue, Paliparan-Molino Road,
and Governor’s Drive with a total length of 40.41 kilometers. The whole stretch is
concrete and in good condition.
The provincial roads namely the Amuntay Road and Don P. Campos Avenue
have a total length of 8 kilometers. The city roads have a total length of 37.83
kilometers that are either concreted or with asphalt overlay but are all in good
condition. The barangay roads have a total length of 29.47 kilometers and are all
concreted while the subdivision roads have an average length of 583.036 kilometers
as seen on Table 107 that provides information on the Inventory of Roads by system
classification and states the total length and road surface type of the roads.
C. 6. c. Water Utilities
The Dasmariñas Water District has 1,374.97km of pipelines which provides
water service to all the 75 barangays as well as 96 turned over and serviced
subdivisions within the City of Dasmariñas. The sources of water for the water district
comes from around 115 deepwells with 60 elevated water tanks amounting to a total
daily production of 85,476.10cu.m. It has three offices -- the main at Barangay Zone II
and the satellite offices at Barangays Burol II and Paliparan III and has one collection
center, the Salawag Collection Center.

The Dasmariñas Water District relies on groundwater operating one hundred
twelve (112) operational deepwells producing more than one cubic meter per second
complete with water treatment, standby generators and some Variable Frequency
Drives (VFD) on select pump stations. It has about 120,188 water service connections.
Its water laboratory performs physical/chemical 14 examination and microbiological
examination following the standards of the Department of Health and the Philippine
National Standards for Drinking Water 2007.
C. 6. d. Communication Utilities
In terms of communications, the whole city relies upon on various
telecommunication companies such as Philippine Long-Distance Telephone (PLDT),
Globe Telecom, Philippine Postal Communication, Bureau of Telecommunications
and all the mobile phone companies. Newspaper and magazines of national circulation
are also available. Lastly, public modes of transportation are available in the city at all
times due to the good network of roads that makes road travel convenient.
D. TECHNICAL DATA
D. 1. Laws
D. 1. a. BP 344 Accessibility Law
An Act to Enhance the Mobility of Disabled Persons by Requiring Certain
Buildings, Institutions, Establishments and Public Utilities to install Facilities and Other
Devices. This law promotes the realization of the rights of persons with disabilities to
participate fully in the social life and the development of the societies in which they live
in for the full enjoyment of the opportunities available to other citizens.

Image 14. Dropped Curbs
Image Source: B.P. 344
1.1 changes in level at sidewalks should be affected by slight ramps and dropped
curbs;
1.2 dropped curbs should be provided at pedestrian crossings and at the end of
footpaths of a private street or access road; no dropped curbs shall be
provided at corners of sidewalk;
1.3 dropped curbs at pedestrian crossings should have a length Corresponding to
the width of the crossing if the sidewalk width Is less than 3.50m. Otherwise,
the minimum width should be 0.90m;
1.4 dropped curbs shall be ramped towards adjoining curbs with a gradient not
more than 1:12;
1.5 dropped curbs shall be sloped towards the road with a maximum cross'
Gradient of 1:20 to prevent water from collecting at the sidewalk;

1.6 the lowest point of the dropped curb should not exceed 25 mm height Above
the road gutter;
Image 15. Curb Cut Outs
The researchers included this data to help the person with disabilities access
the sidewalk easily. With its minimum clearances to maneuver the wheelchair with its
correct elevated curb.
Minimum requirements:
2.1 curb cut-outs should only be allowed when it will not obstruct a sidewalk or in
any way lessen the width of a sidewalk or if the sidewalk width is less than
3.50m. No curb cut-outs shall be provided at corners of sidewalks;
2.2 the minimum width of a curb cut-out should be 0.90m;
2.3 curb cut-outs should not have a gradient not more than 1:12;

Image 16. Sidewalk with Handrails
The researchers included this data to include this type of sidewalk in the
proposed project. Clearances for the person with a disability are present and with the
non-disabled user. Also, bioswale since it Protects local waterways from stormwater
pollutants and protects people from accidents that may occur on the road.
3.1 sidewalks should be kept as level as possible and provided with slip- Resistant
material;
3.2 whenever and wherever possible, sidewalks should have a gradient no more
than 1:20 or 5%;
3.3 sidewalks should have a maximum cross gradient of 1:100;
3.4 sidewalks should have a minimum width of 1.20 meters;

3.5 if possible, gratings should never be located along sidewalks; when occurring
along sidewalks, grating openings should have a maximum dimension of
13mm x 13mm and shall not project more than 6.5mm above or below the level
of the sidewalk;
3.6 sidewalks should have a continuing surface without abrupt pitches in angle or
interruptions by cracks or breaks creating edges above 6.5mm; 3.7 in lengthy
or busy sidewalks, spaces should be provided at some point along the route
so that a wheelchair may pass another or turn around; these spaces should
have a minimum dimension of 1.5 meters and should be spaced at a maximum
distance of 12.00 meters between stops;
Image 17. Sidewalks Vertical and Horizontal Clearance
The researchers included this data to avoid accidents when walking from trees
so that they can walk safely with the correct height clearance and organized routes.

3.8 to guide the blind, sidewalks should as much as possible follow straight
forward routes with right angle turns;
3.9 to guide the blind, sidewalks should as much as possible follow straight
forward routes with right angle turns;
3.10 sidewalk headroom should be less than 2.00m. And should preferably be
higher;
3.11 passageways for the disabled should not be obstructed by street furniture,
bollards, sign posts or columns along the defined route, as they can be hazardous;
Image 18. Ramp Handrail
The researchers included this data to help the person with a disability when
they don't have anyone to guide them when going to ramps. It includes the standard
measurement.

3.12 handrails should be installed at both sides of ramps and stairs and at the
outer edges of dropped curbs at crossings; handrails should not be installed
beyond the width of any crossing so as not to obstruct pedestrian flow;
3.13 handrails shall be installed at 0.90m and o.l0 m above steps or ramps;
handrails for protection at great heights may be installed at 1.00m to 1.06m;
3.14 0.30m long extension of the handrail should be provided at the start and
end of ramps and stairs;
3.15 handrails that require full grip should have a dimension of 30mm to
50mm;
3.16 handrails attached to walls should have a clearance no less than 50mm
from the wall; handrails on ledges should have a clearance not less than
40mm;
Image 19. Planters to Define Sidewalks Edge
The researchers included this data to help the person who is visually impaired
and to prevent accidents when walking.

3.17 Where open spaces are provided adjacent to walkway, the blind can
become particularly disoriented. Therefore, it is extremely helpful if any
sidewalk or paths can be given defined edges either by the use of planters with
dwarf walls, or a grass verge, or similar, which provides a texture different from
the path;
Image 20. Pedestrian Signages
The researchers included this data to help the person with a disability to know
the signages that will help them to know the location of the information they needed.
4.1 Directional and informational sign should be located at points conveniently
seen even by a person on a wheelchair;

4.2 Signs should be kept simple and easy to understand; signages should be
made of contrasting colors and gray values to make detection and reading
easy;
4.3 The international symbol for access should be used to designate routes and
facilities that are accessible;
4.4 Should a sign protrude into a walkway or route, a minimum headroom of 2.00
meters should be provided;
4.5 Signs on walls and doors should be located at a maximum height of 1.60
meters and minimum height of 1.40 meters;
Image 21. Standards for Signages
4.6 signages labeling public rooms and places should have raised symbols, letters
or numbers with a minimum height of 1mm; braille symbols should be included
in signs indicating public places and safety routes;

4.7 Text on signboards shall be of a dimension that people with less than normal
visual acuity can read at a certain distance;
Image 22. Plan for Tactile Surfaces
The researchers included this data to help the person who has visually impaired
to recognize the direction when they are walking. The tile will give them the information
to them like large domes or lines are designed to act as a stop sign, while more subtle
lines indicate that a path is safe to walk on.
5.1 in order to reduce the exposure time to vehicular traffic, all at grade crossing
should;
5.2 be as perpendicular as possible to the carriageway;
5.3 be located at the narrowest, most convenient part of the carriageway;

5.4 have central refuges of at least 1.50m in depth and preferably 2.00m, provided
as a mid-crossing shelter, where the width of carriageway to be crossed
exceeds 10.00m;
5.5 all crossings should be located close if not contiguous with the normal
pedestrian desire line;
5.6 provide tactile blocks in the immediate vicinity of the crossing as an aid to the
blind; the tactile surface should be high enough to be felt by the sole of the
shoe but low enough so as not to cause pedestrians to trip or to affect the
mobility of wheelchair users;
Note: tactile strips formed from brushed or grooved concrete have not proved
successful as they do not provide sufficient distinction from the normal footway
surface and therefore should not be used;
5.7 light controlled crossings with pedestrian phases and audible signals are most
beneficial to the disabled; they should be provided wherever possible;
5.8 the audible signals used for crossings should be distinguishable from other
sounds in the environment to prevent confusion to the blind; a prolonged sound
could serve as warning signal that the crossing time is about to end;
5.9 sufficient time should be allowed for the slower persons negotiating a crossing;
a walking speed of 0.90m/sec rather than 1.20m/sec should be considered; a
minimum crossing period of 6.0 seconds or the crossing distance times the
crossing speed (0.90m/sec), whichever is greater;

The researcher included BP 344 to help the person with a disability be safe
when they're in public spaces. Following this standard measurement give them access
easily.
D. 1. b. Revised National Plumbing Code of the Philippines
General Provisions:
Each building shall be provided with sanitary facilities, including provisions for
persons with disabilities as prescribed in the table below, is applied to new buildings,
additions to a building, and changes of occupancy or type in an existing building
resulting in an increased occupant load. Plumbing fixtures shall be provided for the
type of building occupancy with the minimum numbers as shown in below. The
numbers of fixtures are the minimum required as shown in table below and the
occupant load factors shall be as shown in table below.
Exception:
Where circumstances dictate that a different ratio is needed, the adjustment
shall be approved by the building official.
DRIN-
WATE BATH-
TYPE WATER
URI- KING
TYPE OF R LAVATO TUB OR OF CLOSETS
NALS FOUN-
OCCU- CLO- -RIES SHOWER OCCU- (FIXTURE
(F/P) TAINS/
PANCY SETS (F/P) S PANC S PER
FACILITIE
(F/P) (F/P) Y PERSON)
S (F/P)
B Femal Male Female

Male Male
Business e 1: 1-75 1: 1-50 1 service
1: 1-50 1: 1-100 1 per
occupan-cy 1: 1-15 2: 76-150 2: 51-100 sink or
2: 51- 2: 101- 150
(office, 2: 16- 3: 151-200 3: 101-150 laundry tray
100 200
profession- 30 4: 201-300 4: 151-200

nal or 3: 101- 3: 31- 3: 201- 5: 301-400 5: 201-300

service 200 50 400 6: 301-400
type. 4: 201- 4: 51- 4: 401-
transaction 400 100 600
s) 8: 101-
200
11:
201-
400
Over 400, add 1 Over 600,

fixture for each add 1 Over 400, add 1 fixture
additional 500 fixture for for each additional 250
males and 1 each males and 1 fixture for
fixture for each additional each additional 200
additional 150 300 females.
females. males.
Table 2. Plumbing Fixture Ratio
E. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
- Data from research - Site research. - “A Proposed Multi-Use

material. Space Through Biophilic
- Research for building laws
Approach”
- Data from related and standards provided by the
studies and literature. government.
- Data from government - Design standards from

organizations. various architecture book
Design.
- Research for site
proposal of Coworking - Interview with the
Space. professional and
knowledgeable personnels.
Table 3. Theoretical Framework of the Study

This graph illustrates the process of the researcher's workflow. It provides a
visual representation of the steps taken to complete a project, from the initial planning
stages to the final results of the output.
The process includes the data gathering of research materials, related studies
and literature, government data and other related information through the process of
site visits, internet and library research and interviewing professionals with further
knowledge about the study.
F. RESEARCH FRAMEWORK
Graph 1. Research Framework of the Study

The diagram above shows the detailed process that the researcher conducted
to support the plan for the project. The research study is conducted to gather enough
information that will help the researcher to conceptualize and plan accordingly based
on the presented information. Site research is conducted for the researcher to be
familiar with the chosen site.
Different data such as the geographical characteristics, population, type of site
occupancy, and the needs of the users to make a coworking space. Conducting a case
study provides comprehensive insights into an existing coworking space, including its
history, background, features, and functions. This involves a researcher's observation
and a swot analysis to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats
of the coworking space.
By conducting a case study, one can gain a deeper understanding of the
coworking space and its potential for growth and improvement. In this section, we
present a compilation of questions and answers from various individuals on topics that
are relevant to their respective fields. These individuals include students, self-
employed individuals, and entrepreneurs who have shared their insights and
experiences through surveys.
This helps them to develop an unbiased solution to their problem. Laws and
standards are also gathered to serve as a basis for the researcher in planning and
designing the space. The standard width of the sidewalk, the height of the railings, and
signage can help to provide accessibility for the users of the space. Access from inside
and outside the space is considered in providing a safe and comfortable public space
for the community.

CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. METHODOLOGY
This chapter shows several methods and procedures that were used by the
researchers of the study. It addresses the different techniques and approaches used
in collecting the necessary data and related documents to sustain the research.
To achieve accurate data from factual basis for the pursuit of this study, entitled:
”Re-Envisioning Co-Working Spaces: A Proposed Multi Use Space Through
Biophilic Approach” listed and described below the several methods used by the
researcher.
A. 1. Qualitative Method
Qualitative method involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data to
understand concepts, opinions, or experiences. It can be used to gather in-depth
insights into a problem or generate new ideas for research. The researchers use this
method in conducting a case study and interview related to a project by observing
spaces and architectural details that sustain the study.
A. 1. a. Narrative Analysis
Semi-structured interviews offer a considerable amount of leeway to the
researcher to probe the respondents, along with maintaining a basic interview
structure. Even if it is a guided conversation between researchers and interviewees –
appreciable flexibility is offered to the researchers. The researchers use this method
in gathering the interview summary from the selected professional.
The researcher can be assured that multiple interview rounds will not be
required in the presence of structure in this type of research interview.

A. 1. b. Observational Method
Observational is a research technique where you observe participants and
phenomena in their most natural settings. This enables researchers to see their
subjects make choices and react to situations in their natural setting, as opposed to
structured settings like research labs or focus groups.
The researcher uses observational methods by observing the related project
and finding architectural details in the case study.
A. 1. c. Case Studies
A descriptive intensive analysis of an individual, unit or phenomena selected
for its typicality or uniqueness. Different methods could be used to conduct this
analysis like ethnography but the focus is on the unit of analysis like an individual
student’s experiences. The researchers use this method in gathering data of the place
visited in the conducted case study.
A. 2. Quantitative Method
Quantitative methods emphasize objective measurements and the statistical,
mathematical, or numerical analysis of data collected through polls, questionnaires,
and surveys, or by manipulating pre-existing statistical data using computational
techniques. The research used surveys to analyze what are the required spaces and
added amenities for the project.
A. 2. a. Descriptive Research
Descriptive research is collecting data in order to test hypotheses or answer
questions regarding the participants of the study. Data, which are typically numerical
are collected through surveys, interviews, or observation. In descriptive research the

investigator reports the numerical results from one or more variables on the
participants or unit of analysis of the study. The researchers use this method in
analyzing the numerical data from the conducted survey.
A. 2. b. Survey Questionnaire
The collection of information from a sample of individuals through their
responses to questions. This type of research allows for a variety of methods to recruit
participants, collect data, and utilize various methods of instrumentation. The
researcher asked 15 questions regarding the project and the main samples were
freelancers, business owners, and students. The researchers use this method to
gather the numerical data that will be use in planning the ratio of spaces in the study.
B. RESEARCH DESIGN
B. 1. Problem Identification
The Philippines' financial and capital markets are growing, thanks in part to
continuous initiatives to support their expansion. The rise in new firms and freelancing
jobs also enables other lucrative enterprises to expand their market share. In a way,
the undergrad market also functions as a training ground for future professionals who
may soon be accepted into the corporate market. To satisfy the demands of the
expanding business sector, the facilities already in place to service these types of
organizations are considered inadequate, exclusive, and out of date.
B. 2. Gathering of Data
The data collection methods that the researcher chooses will depend on the
research question posed. Some data collection methods include surveys, interviews,
tests, physiological evaluations, observations, reviews of existing records, and

biological samples. The researcher prior to uses the survey method and interview
because it contains the spaces, experience of some users, and other architectural
details that help in the development of the co working project.
Questions that were included in the interview questionnaire were the following:
1. Can you tell us the idea of a co-working space? What type of space do
you typically rent and what is your co-working experience like?
2. How long have you been renting a co-working space and how much do
you typically spend?
3. What type of working environment do you prefer and why? Do you thrive
in a collaborative space, or do you prefer a quieter and more focused
atmosphere?
4. When searching for a co-working space, what are some key factors that
you look for? Do you prioritize location, amenities, or community events?
5. On a scale of 1 to 10, how comfortable do you feel in your coworking
space?
6. Based on your experience, what are some advantages and disadvantages
of co-working spaces?
7. Are there any new and interesting co-working trends that you have
noticed?
8. Have you made any valuable connections through your coworking space?
9. Is there anything that you would like to see improved in your co-working
space? Why is it important to you?

10. Lastly, what are your thoughts on incorporating natural light and ventilation,
as well as nature, into your workspace? Do you believe it can have a positive
impact on your productivity and well-being?
Some of the questions that were included in the survey questionnaire for the
professional interview are the following:
1. How much time do you usually spend when working or studying?
2. How would you rate your current working or studying environment?
3. Are you interested in renting a workspace with flexible terms including
choosing the length of time or number of days you want to rent the space,
also with open working arrangement in which people from different
schools, companies and professions come together to work in a single
shared building?
4. Which of the following would you prefer to rent if you ever needed a
temporary personal workspace to do your work or study?
5. In case you wanted to temporarily rent a space to do your work or to study,
which of the following would you be most likely to do within the place?
6. What are the advantages of working or studying alone?
7. In contrary, what are the disadvantages of working or studying alone?
8. What are the advantages of working or studying in a group?
9. In contrary, what are the disadvantages of working or studying in a group?
10. Would you prefer to study or work in an area with plenty of natural light
and ventilation?
11. Do you prefer working or studying in a space with greenery?
12. Which of the following facilities do you frequently use when working or
studying?

13. What space set-up do you prefer if you are to design your own ideal work
or study area?
14. Which of the given interior design styles do you prefer to use when working
or studying?
15. What type of environment do you prefer when working or studying?
16. If you are given a chance to add amenities in your current workspace,
which among the following spaces do you want to include?
B. 3. Site Selection
The approximate total land area of Dasmarinas City is 9,013 hectares. These
are occupied by 75 barangays of which 26 barangays are old barangays and 49
barangays are located at the Dasmarinas Resettlement Area.
The city is about 30 kilometers away from Metro Manila, 32 kilometers away
from Calamba City, the regional capital, and 12 kilometers away from Trece Martires
City, which is the provincial capital. It is accessible from all points and growth centers
via a network of concrete national highways and provincial roads.
B. 4. Site Analysis
Based on the land use of the city the site is in the commercial type. And located
in Emilio Aguinaldo highway in front of Countryside Burger house Golden City and
Mini Stop CGII-diamond Imus before Dasmarinas Welcome Arch.
B. 5. Data Analysis
The data that are gathered in the site selection are provided by the local
municipal office that can be used as basis for the study. The Dasmarinas CLUP data

are the main basis of the study regarding the land use classification, zoning ordinance,
and city building ordinance.
B. 6. Data Conceptualization
The collected data serves as a basis and shall be included in the design
frameworks of the project that comprise of architectural standards.
B. 7. Preliminary Design
The preliminary design is comprised of schematic floor plans, site plan, and
design revolving within the aims of the study. The preliminary design of the study
proposes an early conceptual space utilization that is connected within the standard
provided by the data gathered.
B. 8. Initial Evaluation
The initial evaluation is to consider the larger study area for students, placement
of additional amenities for the users and wide area for individual spaces based on the
survey.
C. RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
The research instruments will be used in the study to provide basis and to build
frameworks to introduce the solutions through the study’s research materials, analysis,
surveys, interviews, observation, and other research instruments.
C. 1. Published or Unpublished Material Review
The legitimized unpublished and published literature will provide the researcher
with additional study to produce an analyzation towards the research problems and
objectives.

The used published literatures are the following:
• Comprehensive Land Use Plan and Zoning Ordinance of the City of
Dasmariñas.
• National Building Code of the Philippines
• B.P. 344 Accessibility Law
C. 2. World Wide Web (WWW)
The provided information and data on the world wide web are the most
accessible. The official websites of the local agencies that are needed to provide the
data in the study are used to accumulate information to help the reliability of the
proposal.
The used websites are the following:
• Common ground Philippines: Ambition lives here (2023) Common Ground.
Retrieved from: https://www.commonground.work/ph-en/ (Retrieved date:
May 15, 2023).
• Coworking Space in the Philippines (2021) Clock In by Ayala Land Offices.
Retrived from: https://www.clock-in.com.ph/community/news-and-events
(Retrieved date: May 15, 2023).
• Caringal, S. (2022) The New Workplace, Weremote Coworking Philippines.
Retrieved from: https://weremote.com/about/ (Retrieved date: May 15,
2023).
• The Vibes CO-SPACE by infinitive architecture (2022) Architizer. Retrieved
from: https://architizer.com/projects/the-vibes-co-space/ (Retrieved date:
May 15, 2023).

• Park, J. (2020) Biophilia thrives in this co-working space in Lisbon, Plants
Spark Joy. Retrieved from: https://www.plantssparkjoy.com/biophilia-
thrives-in-this-co-working-space-in-lisbon/ (Retrieved date: May 15, 2023).
• Cross, R. (2021) Collaboration overload is Sinking Productivity, Harvard
Business Review. Retrieved from: https://hbr.org/2021/09/collaboration-
overload-is-sinking-productivity (Retrieved date: May 15, 2023).
• Rockefeller (2023) Coworking space, shared office space, Virtual Office,
Shared Office Space and Virtual Office. Retrieved from:
https://workspacebyrockefellergroup.com/mazzi-workplaces/ (Retrieved
date: May 15, 2023).
• Working Memberships: Green spaces: Denver co-working (2021)
Retrieved from: https://www.greenspaces.com/memberships (Retrieved
date: May 15, 2023).
• Coworking space at the vibes, Ho Chi Minh City, Coworker. Retrieved from:
https://www.coworker.com/vietnam/ho-chi-minh-city/the-vibes (Retrieved
date: May 15, 2023).
D. GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
The government agencies that are needed to provide information within the
scopes of the study introduce the researcher policies, laws, and standards of
designing and research data that will be incorporate on the building usage and spaces.
The used government agencies are the following:
• Non-government Organization
• Government Organization

D. 1. NGO’s (Non-government Organizations)
D. 1. a. PHILGBC (Philippine Green Building Council)
The NGO that serves as a voice in the promotion of holistic and market-based
green building practices; to facilitate the sharing of the green building information and
practices in the building industry and to serve as a non-partisan venue for the
development of the green building rating system.
Since its establishment, PHILGBC has been campaigning for the
transformation of design, construction and management methods of the industry into
practices that are environmentally and socially responsible, safe and healthy, and a
prosperous environment that improves the quality of life.
The project will be using biophilic approach, since the organization is primary
responsible of green buildings in the country, they may be able to provide the needed
data, requirements and standard for the qualification of green buildings.
D. 2. GO’s (Government Organizations)
D. 2. a. BIR (Bureau of Internal Revenue)
The organization that can accurately estimate the number of sales and vat
liabilities of corporations. This organization can suspend the business operation and
can temporarily close the establishment of businesses that does not comply the
necessary requirements.
The government organization under department of finance that is responsible
for the assessment and collection of all national internal revenue taxes, fees, and
charges, and enforcement of all forfeitures, penalties and fines connected.
The project will be catering the business market which needed business permits
and sales/taxes compliance to go through. The organization will be able to provide
guidelines and related laws regarding business market.

D. 2. b. DOLE (Department of Labor and Employment)
The government organization that develops and maintain a labor market
information system in aid of proper manpower and development planning. This will
promote gainful employment opportunities, develop human resources, protect
workers, and promote their welfare, and maintain industrial peace.
Since the project aims to cater the self-employed and business professionals,
which is part of this organization, they have certain standard rules and regulations for
employees that are needed to be acknowledge and follow.
D. 2. c. NLRC (National Labor Relations Commission)
The quasi-judicial body tasked to promote and maintain industrial peace by
resolving labor and management disputes involving both local and overseas workers
through compulsory arbitration and alternative modes of dispute resolution.
In coordination with the dole, the NLRC is presently implementing the labor and
employment that includes streamlined procedures, removal of red tape, restoration of
integrity and fairness, and a much-strengthened arbitration and adjudication system.
While the NLRC’s two core goals – disposition of labor and management disputes
based on social justice and promotion and maintenance of industrial peace – are
earnestly being pursued, it continues to adopt innovative policies and practices as well
as landmark reform measures to ensure achievement of these goals.
The organization aims for every worker to be entitled to humane conditions of
work which the project also aims to provide.
D. 2. d. SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission)
The securities and exchange commission (SEC) or the commission is the
national government regulatory agency charged with supervision over the corporate

sector, the capital market participants, and the securities and investment instruments
market, and the protection of the investing public.
The SEC is mandated to promulgate rules to facilitate and expedite, among
others, corporate name reservation and registration, incorporation, submission of
reports, notices, documents required under the code, and sharing of pertinent
information with other government agencies.
Since the project is targeting the corporate market professionals, the
organization will be necessary in the submission of project documents before and after
the operation of the project started.
E. LAWS AND CODES
This are the legal sources of data that the researcher uses in order to gather all
the important information that will support the study.
• RA NO. 6541 (An Act to Ordain and Institute a National Building Code
of the Philippines)
• SECTION 1.02.03 OF RA NO. 6541 (Building Permits)
• Labor Code of The Philippines
• RA NO. 1165 (Telecommutic Act)
• Philippine Green Building Code (PD 1096)
E. 1. LGU (Local Government Unit) – Municipal Office of Dasmarinas City
The data within the local CLUP is the basis for the land use classifications, soil
type, hazard map of the city, slope identification and other necessary information
including the zoning ordinance toward the site chosen by the researchers provided by
the City Planning Office.

F. GADGET AND SCHOOL MATERIALS
In the process of data collection, the researchers used phone cameras for the
documentation of the study, especially in the case study and site. Flash drives for the
soft copies of the information that were gathered through the research and the
notebook/papers for writing down important details.
• Smart Phone (Oppo A5 2020 V11.1)
• Computer (Asus DESKTOP-6B7QFD6)
• Computer (Newsync G2020 @ 2.90GHz)
G. TECHNICAL PERSONS
The consulting activities are conducted with professionals that are credible to
provide architectural criticism and checking to the study. Consultants are professors,
freelancers, and business owners within the same field of study.
• Ar. Carlo Madrona UAP, RMP

- Thesis Adviser
• Ar. Abraham R. Naval UAP
- Technical thesis Adviser
• Criskarl Amandy
Professional Interviewee


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NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Amafel Bldg. Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmarinas, Cavite 18

INTRODUCTION OF THE STUDY

employment. According to the Department of Labor and employment (DOLE), the

hand, self-employed are independent contractors with no long-term contract and

contracts with various or single employer.

and work alone or with a very small number of people.

According to the study on business growth (2021), the growing population of

“RE-ENVISIONING CO-WORKING SPACES: A PROPOSED MULTI USE SPACE

business is still shown by the rise in earnings, clients, or market share.

B. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The economy is always influenced heavily by elements related to labor, cost,

inexpensive, the company will immediately choose it to start a plant or production.

or headquarters office of a business. Business offices typically offer workspaces that

reflect the requirements and ideals of the organization. Additionally, it is easier to

control the overall security and the privacy of the business.

flexibility as compared to traditional offices. The payment often includes everything,

“RE-ENVISIONING CO-WORKING SPACES: A PROPOSED MULTI USE SPACE

complete furnishings, as well as a number of additions and available meeting space

opportunity to work alongside which promotes productivity and connectivity. As such,

C. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Specifically, these aspects raise problems such as:

• Inconvenience of increasing time consumed for people who regularly

commutes to go to work or to school.

• Negative effects to the economic value of the growth of the informal

economy and unregistered businesses.

“RE-ENVISIONING CO-WORKING SPACES: A PROPOSED MULTI USE SPACE

• Decrease in productivity, creativity, and lack of good working environment

• Distractions and increase in stress level of the of the students and

• Privacy and cyber security issues for online businesses.

• High overall energy consumption and operational cost of buildings.

D. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

In order to cater the growing population of corporate market, the researchers

to offer an inclusive and personalize workspace.

Specifically, the researchers aim to fulfill the following objectives:

• Provide an alternative workplace that is closer and more accessible to

• Propose a shared space that will accommodate the students, freelance

workers, work from home employees, entrepreneurs, and start-up and

small business owners.

• Apply a social-interactive, artistic, and conventional work environment

plan lay-out to the proposed shared facilities and amenities.

the users to be actively engage.

• Provide a proper zoning plan to separate private, semi-private and public

spaces to control unnecessary crowding and access to each area and

provide an effective cyber security plan.

“RE-ENVISIONING CO-WORKING SPACES: A PROPOSED MULTI USE SPACE

• Apply a biophilic design approach to make use of the natural environment

and decreases reliance to artificial energies.

E. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

approach to re-envision a shared space to be more inclusive and personalize

systems such as sanitary, plumbing, and electrical works.

gatherings will be delimited to the 25 purposively selected samples and one

professional interview. The researchers also conducted a case study in CoWork

“RE-ENVISIONING CO-WORKING SPACES: A PROPOSED MULTI USE SPACE

within the second semester of the academic year 2022-2023.

Specifically, the researchers should provide the following:

• Site Development Plan

• Architectural Bay Section

F. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study will be beneficial to the following:

using alternative corporate offices like co-working spaces.

“RE-ENVISIONING CO-WORKING SPACES: A PROPOSED MULTI USE SPACE