Particles and antiparticles

-
-

-
-

÷:
.
Each particle type has corresponding antiparticle a with the same mass and rest but
energy
with
opposite charge lif charged) .

increases as

[
as s

All particles are known as matter

antiparticles are known antimatter
and kinetic energy
#easesE=mc )
-
as .
'

.is#::fff:::::fiiiiI
Particle Relative Rest Energy
Antiparticle symbol
How
=
charge (Mey
is antimatter discovered ? 1%4%159)
proton p +1 >

Antimatter
-

1.67131×10-2 9381.3 )
•
was
predicted in 1928 antiproton

÷
travels

mass
:÷:÷:::÷:÷÷÷÷::÷
due

is
to

equivalent)
E= me ? (
energy and positron
neutrino Ve
- O O O
-
Einstein said that the mass of
antineutrino
Imo ) mass)
a
stationary particle Crest µ
corresponds energy mod ) These
to rest ( locked as mass two are Due to
up .

Dirac of ( units
predicted the existence antiparticles that would unlock equivalent only E=md
-

rest energy during annihilation (a

particle or
corresponding antiparticle meet ) .
are
changed )

-
Dirac'stheoryofantiparti
For of is
corresponding
•

there antiparticle that :

every type particle ,
a

the
particle and itself if they
↳ annihilates meet ,
converting their total mass into
photons .

↳ has same rest mass as the particle .

has
↳ opposite charge to the particle .

Pair production : A photon sufficient nucleus electron

particle antiparticle
with energy change into
'

near
passing a or an can a -

pair .

WhatareeIectron

1MeV=I.60XI0-T -
.
One electron volt is defined as the
energy transferred when an electron is moved

through a
potential difference of 1 volt .

•
Given the rest mass of a
Particle ' antiparticle its rest in men can be
,
energy
a
calculated using
•

Voltage =
Energy I charge 1 Ele ) E = ev

Annihilation when particle corresponding antiparticle meet and their is converted into EM
•

occurs and mass

a a
energy
'
in the form of photons ( mass and equivalent due to E= me )
.

energy are .

All the of the and antiparticle form of

particle gets converted to in the
photons
'

mass
energy gamma ray .

Even though g•
n' '§" imsommenaEYIF.mu
tma"? * a
GET
=t

G.
Rest (
" "

) ( this applies
•

energy energy stored in mass equation only

" ""
antiparticle particle
.
II:[ for rest
energy
is E. .
y
 COnservationofenergyin-annihia-ion.Ene.ggcannot

of
be created nor
destroyed .

derived from
The the two
photons ,2hfmin ( equation E=hf ) rest of the
•

energy should equal to the

= energy
particle and antiparticle :

2hfmin=2E&
Useofannihilation-ffacto.mg .
PET Scans ( Positron
emitting tomography ) work
by putting

Minimumenergyofeachphotonproduced,hfmin=f& detecting
the blood, and the
a
positron emitting isotope
- into

produced electron positron annihilation

gamma rays by the -
^

/ that occurs

t
.

rest
energy The
always moving in
gamma rays produced in pairs
.

are

im "

%:S:÷÷;÷÷ ;

.ae#:e:asiismag:stinsvishedbsa:: .: : :O. .
In
pair production photon creates particle and
corresponding antiparticle and
•
a a vanishes the
process
, a in .

fair
production only happens if there is enough energy of
'

to produce the masses the

particles .

It must
always produce particle and its
corresponding antiparticle because certain quantities
•

must be conserved number ,

:
energy ,
momentum , baryon lepton number ,
charge strangeness
,
.

fair production also used

can be to
produce by firing two
protons article
•

protons
with a lot of kinetic energy .

Energy is converted to more

particles .
whatµg,
(
only gamma particle
Conservationofenergyinpairproducti- photons enough
have

energy )
-

Energy cannot be created nor

destroyed .

One photon must

produce particle antiparticle the minimum total rest of the
being the
•

a pair energy energy

.
-
-

that produced
particles are .

it
Rest
energy of particle the amount of that produced of its
→ is be
would all mass was
energy
a

transformed into
energy .

mininumenergyofphotobneeded-hfmin-2ET-re.se energy
of
produced
particle
in MeV (
mi )

type

E!↳resem
* →
:p -1
:p

Ey 2h00 =

Ey =hf 2 moc =