TITLE: RATE OF REACTION

AIM: To investigate how the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate solution and
hydrochloric acid changes as the concentration of the sodium thiosulphate solution is
varied.

APPARATUS/MATERIALS: Beaker, Conical Flask, Measuring Cylinder, Stopwatch,

Distilled Water, White Tile, Paper Marked with Cross, Sodium Thiosulphate,
Hydrochloric Acid

METHOD:
● Using a measuring cylinder, 50cm3 of FA1 (sodium thiosulphate) was measured
and poured into a conical flask.
● The conical flask containing FA1 was placed atop a written ‘X’ on a piece of
paper.
● A measuring cylinder was then used to measure 5cm3 of FA2 (hydrochloric acid)
and poured into the conical flask containing FA1 and a stopwatch was started
immediately to record the time taken to complete the reaction.
● The conical flask was swirled for a few seconds and then placed back on the
mark. The solution was then viewed from above so that the mark could be seen
above the depth of the solution.
● The stopwatch was stopped when the mark could no longer be seen.
● The time was measured and recorded to the nearest second on a table of
results.
● The conical flask was emptied and rinsed then the experiment was repeated
using the volumes of FA1 and water shown in the table below. All observations
were recorded in the table below.

TREATMENT OF RESULTS:

EXPERIMENT Volume Volume of Volume of Time /s Concentratio Rate

of FA1 / Water / cm3 FA2 / cm3 n of FA1/ Mol dm-3 s-
 cm3 mols 1

1 50.0 0.0 5.0 75 0.01 1.33*10-4

2 40.0 10.0 5.0 99 8*10-3 8.08*10-5

3 30.0 20.0 5.0 145 6*10-3 4.14*10-5

4 25.0 25.0 5.0 205 5*10-3 2.44*10-5

5 20.0 30.0 5.0 300 4*10-3 1.33*10-5

6 15.0 35.0 5.0 420 3*10-3 7.14*10-6

GRAPH SHOWING THE REACTION OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID OF A STABLE

CONCENTRATION AND SODIUM THIOSULPHATE

CALCULATIONS:

● How is the rate of related to the concentration of sodium thiosulphate?

The concentration of sodium thiosulphate affect the rate of chemical reactions between
sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid because sodium reacts easily with dilute
acid. The rate is inversely proportional to concentration, and the reaction appears to be
second order with respect to sodium thiosulfate concentration.

● Order of reaction with respect to the reactions

[HCl]X
Due to the stable concentration of HCl, the order was found to be zero.

[Na2S2O3]Y
Experiments 3 and 6
−3 −5
6 x 10❑❑ 4.14 x 10❑
−3 = −6
3 x 10❑❑ 7.14 x 10 ❑
2y= 5.80
log 5.80
y= log 2
y= 2.53
∴ The order of Na2S2O3 is 2

● The rate law for the reaction

R = k[Na2S2O3]

● Determine k and units

K=
R = k[Na2S2O3]2

4.14*10-5 = k × 6*10-3
4.14*10-5 = k× 0.0000414
4.14 ∗ 10 −5 k x 0.0000414
=
0.0000414 0.0000414
4.14 ∗ 10 −5
k=
0.0000414
k=1

Units of k=
moldm-3 s-1 = k x [moldm-3]2
moldm-3 s-1 = k x mol2dm-6
 −3 −1 2 −6
moldm❑ s❑ k ×mol ❑ dm❑
2 −6 = 2 −6
mol❑ dm❑ mol ❑ dm❑
−1 3 −1
k =mol ❑ dm❑ s ❑❑

DISCUSSION: The concentration of a chemical influences the rate at which it reacts.

The more particles in a given volume of a concentrated solution, the more collisions
occur, and the reaction rate rises. The reactant particles must collide with enough
energy to break particular bonds in their molecules, according to the collision theory.
Sodium thiosulphate in various quantities reacts with a constant concentration of HCl
acid at different times in this experiment. The time it took for each reaction to finish was
calculated by measuring the time it took for the printed text on the piece of paper to
vanish as the sulphur precipitate formed. The graph shows that as the
CONCENTRATION of sodium thiosulphate in the solution LESSENED, the amount of
time taken to complete the reaction increased.

CONCLUSION: The thiosulphate reactant grew less concentrated as the concentration

of sodium thiosulphate fell, resulting in fewer collisions. As a result, the reaction's rate
slowed. The order of hydrochloric acid was found to be zero as its volume remained
constant throughout the experiment, whereas the sodium thiosulphate was foun.d to be
in the second order.