JUPITER PUBLIC SCHOOL

INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT

Submitted To : RABI RANJAN PRUSTY

SUBMITTED BY : PRIYANKA PRIYADARSHINI

CLASS : : XII

ROLL NO :22BP028

SESSION : 2023 / 24
Myself PRIYANKA PRIYADARSHINI acknowledge
sincere devotion for valuable guidance provided to me in
Chemistry by my Chemistry teacher, “Mr. RABI RANJAN
PRUSTY”. His suggestion and guidance provided me to
form this project.. I also acknowledge to other staff
members who directly or indirectly contribute in my work.
At last I take opportunity to express my thanks &
gratitude for all my friends.
 This is to certify that PRIYANKA PRIYADARSHINI
student of class XII-Science has satisfactorily completed the
chemistry project entitled: “ Formation Of Biodiesel ”
herself and under my guidance The progress of the project has
been continuously reported and has been in my knowledge
consistently.

Internal Examiner

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vehicles. Biodiesel is distinguished from the
straight-vegetable oil (SVO) (sometimes referred to
as “waste vegetable oil” “WVO” “used vegetable
oil” “UVO” “pure plant oil”, “PPO”) used(alone, or
blended) as fuels in some converted diesel vehicles.
Biodiesel is standardized as mono-alkyl ester and
other kinds of diesel-grade fuels of biological origin
are not included.

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 Fuel-cells have power-
generation
applications that could utilize biodiesel. Biodiesel can be used
in backup systems where the substantial reduction in
emissions really matters: hospitals, schools, and other
facilities usually located in residential areas. It can also be
used to supplement solar power in off-the grid homes.

Fuel cell vehicles turn hydrogen

fuel and oxygen into electricity.
The electricity then powers an
electric motor, just like
electricity from batteries powers
the motor of an electric vehicle.
Fuel cells combine oxygen from
the air with
hydrogen from the vehicle's fuel tank to produce electricity.
When oxygen and hydrogen are combined they give off

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energy and water (H2O). In fuel cells this is done without any
burning (combustion).

Biodiesel has been tested as

potential cleaning agent for shorelines contaminated with crude
oil, and has been found to increase the recovery of crude oil from
artificial sand columns (i.e. the beach). It’s also been used in
commercial biosolvents shown to be effective in coagulating
crude oil and allowing it to be skimmed off the surface of water.

All diesel fuels are

required to reduce their sulfur concentration from 500 ppm to

15 ppm. Since sulfur provided most of the fuel’s lubricity, a
substitute is required to keep diesel engines functioning
properly and avoid premature injection pump wear (i.e. failure).
Biodiesel naturally has less than 15 ppm sulfur concentration
anyway, and adding just 1 to 2% biodiesel can restore the
lubricity to diesel fuel.
Apart from these uses, biodiesel can be used in heating our
homes, cleaning up tools & grease, removing paint and
adhesives, can extend the life of catalytic converters, can be
used as the best alternative for the other fuels as it doesn’t
produces toxic &harmful substances as compared to other
fuels.

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 ▪ Vegetable Oil
▪ Antifreeze (Methanol)
▪ Lye (NaOH)
▪ Blender
▪ Scales
▪ Plastic Containers
▪ Funnels
▪ Plastic Bottle with lid
▪ Duct Tape
▪ Thermometer

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 Add in lye so that the antifreeze is
absorbed.

Cover container and mix well by shaking it. It is mixed

when it starts to feel warm and is foamy. The mixture
has now become sodium methoxide.

Blend 1 liter of vegetable oil with the sodium

methoxide in a blender for 20 minutes.
Pour mixture into a bottle and wait 8 hours
until the byproduct, glycerin, separates form
the biodiesel. The glycerin will be on the solid
on the bottom.

Separate out the biodiesel by pouring into

a glass bottle.
Prepare a wash bottle by poking a small hole
in the corner of the bottle and covering it with
duct tape.

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 Wash the biodiesel by pouring it into the wash
bottle and adding in ½ a liter of water. Roll the
bottle around to mix it and then remove the
duct tape and drain the water.
Repeat the washing process until the biodiesel
is clear. This may need to be done numerous
times over the course of a week to complete
the process. Store the biodiesel in a glass container
until ready to use.

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 One of the major advantages is the fact that it can be used in exiting engines & fuel
injection equipment (no modification required) without negative impact to operating performance.

Virtually the same

MPG rating as petrol-diesel & the only alternative fuel for heavyweight vehicles requiring no special
dispensing & storage equipment.

Can be done at home

(wasted veggie oil) & farms (virgin oils from seeds), being the only alternative fuel that can boost of
a zero total emissions production facility. By selling the simultaneously produced glycerol, the cost
of BD is basically the same cost of the oil used to make it.

Readily blends & stays blended with petrol-diesel so it can be stored & dispensed
wherever diesel is stored or sold.

Biodiesel has a very

high flash point (300⁰F) making it one of the safest of all alternative fuels.

The only alternative fuel that can actually extend engine life because of its
superior lubricating & cleaning properties. The present “low Sulphur” diesel fuel is badly
wearing the injection pumps of not protected diesel engine.

Biodiesel fuel can generally be used in existing oil heating systems and diesel
engines
The use of biodiesel reduces the following emissions:
carbon monoxide, ozone-forming hydrocarbons, hazardous diesel particulate, acid
rain-causing Sulphur dioxide, lifecycle and carbon dioxide.

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 ➢ Biodiesel is currently about one and a half times more expensive
than petroleum diesel fuel. Part of this cost is because the most
common source of oil is the soybean, which only is only 20% oil.
However, the costs of biodiesel can be reduced by making
biodiesel from recycled cooking oils rather than from new soy
beans, or by making it from plant matter with higher oil
content.

➢ It takes energy to produce biodiesel fuel from soy crops,

including the energy of sowing, fertilizing and harvesting.

➢ Biodiesel fuel can damage rubber hoses in some engines,

particularly in cars built before 1994. You should check with the
manufacturer before using biodiesel to see if you need to replace
any hoses or rubber seals.

➢
Biodiesel cleans the dirt from the engine. This dirt then collects
in the fuel filter, which can clog it. Clogging occurs most often
when biodiesel is first used after a period of operation with
petroleum diesel, so filters should be changed after the first
several hours of biodiesel use.

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All the information is gathered from the
internet.
Websites Referred:

htpp://www.icbse.com/
http://www.sciencedaily.com/
http://www.biodiesel.org/
http://www.gas2.org/
http://www.biofuelsdigest.com/
http://www.digg.com/

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