Al-Nahrain University Subject: Engineering Math.

I
College of Information Engineering Date: / 04 / 2021
Department of Computer Networks Time: 09:00 – 12:00
Engineering Weight: 60 Marks
2nd Year Prof. Dr. Emad Al-Hemiary
1st Semester
Final Exam (1) 2020 - 2021

Question 1: Answer any THREE of the following [15 Marks]

A) Find the volume of the region D enclosed by the surfaces:
𝑧 = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = 9 − 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 2
Solution:
The limits of z: 𝑧1 = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 𝑡𝑜 𝑧2 = 9 − 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 2

We first equate the two surfaces to find the limits of integration in the y-axis:
3 − 𝑥2 3 − 𝑥2
𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 = 9 − 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 2 → 3𝑥 2 + 6𝑦 2 = 9 → 𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 = 3 → 𝑦 2 = → 𝑦 = ±√
2 2
3−𝑥 2 3−𝑥 2
Limits of y: from −√ to √
2 2
Setting 𝑦 = 0 in 𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 = 3 → 𝑥 = ±√3
Limits of x: from −√3 to +√3

Therefore:
2 2
√3−𝑥 √3−𝑥
√3 2 9−2𝑥 2 −2𝑦 2 √3 2
9−2𝑥 2 −2𝑦 2
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = ∫ ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ∫ 𝑧|𝑥 2+4𝑦2 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
2 2
−√3 3−𝑥 2 𝑥 +4𝑦 −√3 3−𝑥 2
−√ −√
2 2
2 2
√3−𝑥 √3−𝑥
√3 2 √3 2

= ∫ ∫ (9 − 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 − 4𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ∫ 3(3 − 𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥

−√3 3−𝑥 2 −√3 3−𝑥 2
−√ −√
2 2
√3 2
√3−𝑥
2
= ∫ 3(3 − 𝑥 2 )𝑦 − 2𝑦 3 | 2
𝑑𝑥
3−𝑥
−√
−√3 2
√3 3 3
3 − 𝑥2 3 − 𝑥2 3 − 𝑥2 3 − 𝑥2
= ∫ 3(3 − 𝑥 2 ) √ − 2 (√ ) + 3(3 − 𝑥 2 )√ + 2 (−√ )
2 2 2 2
−√3
√3 √3
6 3
2 )2
2 3
2 )2
3
= ∫ (3 − 𝑥 − (3 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2√2 ∫ (3 − 𝑥 2 )2 𝑑𝑥
√2 √2
−√3 −√3
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑥 = √3 sin 𝑢 → 𝑑𝑥 = √3 cos 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
𝜋
𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: ± √3 = √3 sin 𝑢 → 𝑢 = sin−1 (±1) → 𝑢 = ±
2
Thus:
𝜋/2 −𝜋/2 −𝜋/2
2
3 1 + cos 2𝑢 2
4
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 2√2 ∫ (3 − 3 sin 𝑢)2 √3 cos 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 6√6 ∫ cos 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 6√6 ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑢
2
−𝜋/2 −𝜋/2 −𝜋/2
−𝜋/2 −𝜋/2
3 3 1 + cos 4𝑢
= √6 ∫ (1 + 2 cos 2𝑢 + cos 2 2𝑢) 𝑑𝑢 = √6 ∫ (1 + 2 cos 2𝑢 + ) 𝑑𝑢
2 2 2
−𝜋/2 −𝜋/2
3 3 𝜋/2 −𝜋/2 1 −𝜋/2
3 3 9√6
= √6 ( 𝑢| + sin 2𝑢|−𝜋/2 + sin 4𝑢| = √6 (𝜋) = 𝜋
2 2 −𝜋/2 8 −𝜋/2 2 2 4
 B) Evaluate the double integral
2 2

∫ ∫ 𝑦 2 cos 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
0 𝑥
Solution:
Since it is not possible to integrate along y-axis directly, we reverse order of integration. First, we plot the limits of
integration as shown (grey area).
𝑦=2
2 𝑦 2 2
−1 −1 1
∫ ∫ 𝑦2 cos 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑦 sin 𝑥𝑦|0 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑦 sin 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 =
𝑦
cos 𝑦 2 |20 = (cos 4 − 1) = (1 − cos 4)
2 2 2
0 0 0 0
2
= sin 2 = 0.83

2𝑢2 𝑣 1 2
C) Show that 𝑓(𝑢, 𝑣) = 𝑣2 +𝑢4 has no limit as (𝑢, 𝑣) → (0,0)
Solution:
2𝑢 2 𝑚𝑢2 2𝑚 2𝑚
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑣 = 𝑚𝑢2 → 𝑓(𝑢, 𝑣) = = → lim 𝑓(𝑢, 𝑣) =
𝑚2 𝑢4 + 𝑢4 1 + 𝑚2 𝑢,𝑣→0 1 + 𝑚2
𝐴𝑡 𝑚 = 0 → lim 𝑓(𝑢, 𝑣) = 0
𝑢,𝑣→0
𝐴𝑡 𝑚 = 1 → lim 𝑓(𝑢, 𝑣) = 1
𝑢,𝑣→0
𝐴𝑡 𝑚 = 2 → lim 𝑓(𝑢, 𝑣) = 4/5
𝑢,𝑣→0
⋮
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒: 𝑓(𝑢, 𝑣) ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑛𝑜 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝑢, 𝑣 → 0,0
𝜕2𝑓
D) Find the second order partial derivative 𝜕𝑥 2 of 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑦/𝑥)
Solution:
𝜕𝑓 𝜕 𝑦 1 𝜕 −𝑦/𝑥 2 −𝑦
= tan−1 = 2
(𝑦/𝑥) = 2
= 2
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝑥 1 + (𝑦/𝑥) 𝜕𝑥 1 + (𝑦/𝑥) 𝑥 + 𝑦2
2
𝜕 𝑓 𝜕 −𝑦 2𝑥𝑦
= ( )= 2
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 (𝑥 + 𝑦 2 )2

Question 2: Answer any TWO of the following [12 Marks]

A) Suppose that in winter the daytime temperature in a certain office building is maintained at 73°F. The
heating is shut off at 09 P.M. and turned on again at 6 A.M. On a certain day, the temperature inside
the building at 2 A.M. was found to be 65°F. The outside temperature was 53°F at 09 P.M. and had
dropped to 40°F by 6 A.M. What was the temperature inside the building when the heat was turned
on at 6 A.M.?
Solution:
𝑇𝐴 = 530 𝐹, 400 𝐹 → 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = (53 + 40)/2 = 46.50 𝐹
𝑇(𝑡) = 46.5 + 𝐶𝑒 𝐾𝑡
𝐴𝑡 𝑡 = 0 (9: 00𝑃𝑀) 𝑇 = 730 𝐹
𝑇(0) = 73 = 46.5 + 𝐶 → 𝐶 = 26.5
∴ 𝑇(𝑡) = 46.5 + 26.5𝑒 𝐾𝑡
𝑇𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐾: 𝐴𝑡 2: 00𝐴𝑀 (𝑡 = 5), 𝑇 = 650 𝐹
𝑇(5) = 65 = 46.5 + 26.5𝑒 𝐾(5) → 𝑒 5𝐾 = 0.6981 → 𝐾 = −0.0719
∴ 𝑇(𝑡) = 46.5 + 26.5𝑒 −0.0719𝑡
𝐴𝑡 6: 00𝐴𝑀? 𝑡 = 9 → 𝑇(9) ≅ 60.40 𝐹
𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑑: 73 − 60.4 = 13.40 𝐹
B) Solve the first-order ODE:
𝑦
𝑥𝑦 ′ = 𝑦 + 4𝑥 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2
𝑥
Solution:
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
𝑥𝑦 ′ = 𝑦 + 4𝑥 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 → 𝑦 ′ = + 4𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
 𝑦
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = → 𝑦 = 𝑢𝑥 → 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑢 + 𝑥𝑢′
𝑥
𝑢 + 𝑥𝑢′ = 𝑢 + 4𝑥 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑢
𝑢′ = 4𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑢
𝑑𝑢
∫ = ∫ 4𝑥𝑑𝑥 → tan 𝑢 = 2𝑥 2 + 𝐶 → 𝑢 = tan−1 (2𝑥 2 + 𝐶)
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑢
∴ 𝑦 = 𝑥 tan−1 (2𝑥 2 + 𝐶)

C) Solve the second-order ODE given by (use method of variation of parameters):

𝑦 ′′ + 2𝑦 ′ − 3𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑥 − 1
Solution:
The solution is given by: 𝑦 = 𝑦ℎ + 𝑦𝑝
𝑦ℎ :
𝜆2 + 2𝜆 − 3 = 0 → (𝜆 + 3)(𝜆 − 1) = 0 → 𝜆1 = 1, 𝜆2 = −3
𝑦ℎ (𝑥) = 𝐶1 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑒 −3𝑥
𝑦𝑝 :
𝑦1 (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 , 𝑦2 (𝑥) = 𝑒 −3𝑥 , 𝑟(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑥 − 1
𝑣1′ 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑣2′ 𝑒 −3𝑥 = 0 𝑣1′ 𝑒 4𝑥 + 𝑣2′ = 0 → 𝑣2′ = −𝑣1′ 𝑒 4𝑥
} ⇒ } → 4𝑣1′ 𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑥 − 1
𝑣1′ 𝑒 𝑥 − 3𝑣2′ 𝑒 −3𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑥 − 1 𝑣1′ 𝑒 𝑥 − 3(−𝑣1′ 𝑒 4𝑥 )𝑒 −3𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑥 − 1
1 1 1
𝑣1′ = [1 − (𝑥 + 1)𝑒 −𝑥 ] → 𝑣1 = ∫[1 − (𝑥 + 1)𝑒 −𝑥 ]𝑑𝑥 = [∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫(𝑥 + 1) 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥]
4 4 4
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑥 + 1 → 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥, 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 → 𝑣 = −𝑒 −𝑥
1 1 1
𝑣1 = [𝑥 + (𝑥 + 1)𝑒 −𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥] = [𝑥 + (𝑥 + 1)𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 ] = [𝑥 + 2𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 ]
4 4 4
′ ′ 4𝑥
−1 −𝑥 −𝑥 4𝑥
−1 4𝑥 3𝑥 3𝑥
𝑣2 = −𝑣1 𝑒 = [1 − 𝑒 − 𝑥𝑒 ]𝑒 = [𝑒 − 𝑒 − 𝑥𝑒 ]
4 4
−1
𝑣2 = ∫[𝑒 4𝑥 − 𝑒 3𝑥 − 𝑥𝑒 3𝑥 ]𝑑𝑥
4
1
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑥 → 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥, 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 → 𝑣 = 𝑒 3𝑥
3
−1 1 4𝑥 1 3𝑥 𝑥 3𝑥 1 3𝑥
−1 1 4𝑥 1 3𝑥 𝑥 3𝑥 1 3𝑥 −1 1 4𝑥 2 3𝑥 𝑥 3𝑥
𝑣2 = [ 𝑒 − 𝑒 − 𝑒 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑥] = [ 𝑒 − 𝑒 − 𝑒 + 𝑒 ]= [ 𝑒 − 𝑒 − 𝑒 ]
4 4 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 9 4 4 9 3
1 −𝑥 −𝑥 𝑥
1 1 4𝑥 2 3𝑥 𝑥 3𝑥 −3𝑥 1 𝑥
1 𝑥 2 𝑥
∴ 𝑦𝑝 = [𝑥 + 2𝑒 + 𝑥𝑒 ]𝑒 − [ 𝑒 − 𝑒 − 𝑒 ] 𝑒 = [𝑥𝑒 + 2 + 𝑥 − 𝑒 + + ]
4 4 4 9 3 4 4 9 3
1 𝑥
1 𝑥 20 4
= (𝑥𝑒 − 𝑒 + + 𝑥)
4 4 9 3

1 1 20 4
∴ 𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑒 −3𝑥 + [𝑥𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 + + 𝑥]
4 4 9 3

Question 3: [13 Marks]

For the RLC circuit shown, formulate the second order ODE 𝑖(𝑡) then evaluate 𝑖(𝑡) for initial value of 𝑖(0) =
0 and 𝑖 ′ (0) = 1.
𝑉(𝑡) = 2𝑒 𝑡

𝑅 =6Ω
𝐿 =1𝐻
𝐶 = 0.2 𝐹
Solution:
1
Using KVL: 𝑉𝑅 + 𝑉𝑐 + 𝑉𝑙 = 𝑉(𝑡) → 𝑖𝑅 + ∫ 𝑖𝑑𝑡 + 𝐿𝑖 ′ = 2𝑒 𝑡
𝑐
Taking the derivative of both sides we get and dividing by L:
𝑅 1 2
𝑖 ′′ + 𝑖 ′ + 𝑖 = 𝑒 𝑡 ← 𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝐿 𝐿𝐶 𝐿
The solution is given by: 𝑖 = 𝑖ℎ + 𝑖𝑝
𝑖ℎ :
𝜆2 + 6𝜆 + 5 = 0 → (𝜆 + 5)(𝜆 + 1) = 0 → 𝜆1 = −1, 𝜆2 = −5
𝑖ℎ (𝑡) = 𝐶1 𝑒 −𝑡 + 𝐶2 𝑒 −5𝑡
𝑖𝑝 (𝑡) = 𝐶3 𝑒 𝑥 → 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
1
𝐶3 𝑒 𝑡 + 6𝐶3 𝑒 𝑡 + 5𝐶3 𝑒 𝑡 = 2𝑒 𝑡 → 12𝐶3 = 2 → 𝐶3 =
6
−𝑡 −5𝑡
1 𝑡
∴ 𝑖(𝑡) = 𝐶1 𝑒 + 𝐶2 𝑒 + 𝑒
6
1 1
𝑖(0) = 0 = 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 + 𝐶1 = −𝐶2 + 1 1 1 −1
6 }→ 6 } → −4𝐶2 = 1 → 𝐶2 = → 𝐶1 = − =
1 1 1 4 6 4 12
𝑖 ′ (0) = 1 = −𝐶1 − 5𝐶2 + 𝐶2 − − 5𝐶2 + = 1
6 6 6
1 1 1
𝑖(𝑡) = − 𝑒 −𝑡 + 𝑒 −5𝑡 + 𝑒 𝑡
12 4 6

Question 4: [20 Marks]

⃗⃗⃗ = 3𝑧 2 , 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 , 𝑦 2 .
Let 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦𝑧, ⃗𝒗 = 2𝑦, 2𝑧, 4𝑥 + 𝑧, and 𝒘

Answer any FOUR of the following:

A) (𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝒘 ⃗ at point (4,0,2)
⃗⃗⃗ ) ∙ 𝒗
Solution:
𝑖 𝑗 ⃗
𝑘
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
⃗⃗ = ||
𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 ⃗𝒘 | = 2𝑦𝑖 + 6𝑧𝑗 + 2𝑥𝑘
| ⃗
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
3𝑧 2 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 𝑦 2
𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 ⃗𝒘 ⃗ = (2𝑦)(2𝑦) + (6𝑧)(2𝑧) + (2𝑥)(4𝑥 + 𝑧) = 4𝑦 2 + 12𝑧 2 + 8𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑧
⃗⃗ ∙ 𝒗
𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 ⃗𝒘 ⃗ |(4,0,2) = 12(4) + +8(16) + 2(4)(2) = 48 + 128 + 16 = 192
⃗⃗ ∙ 𝒗
B) ∇(𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝒘
⃗⃗⃗ )
Solution:
𝑑𝑖𝑣 ⃗𝒘 ⃗⃗ ) = 0, −2,0
⃗⃗ = −2𝑦 → ∇(𝑑𝑖𝑣 ⃗𝒘

⃗⃗⃗ ) × 𝒗
C) 𝒗 ∙ ((𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝒘 ⃗)
Solution:
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘⃗
(2𝑦, 2𝑧, 4𝑥 + 𝑧) ∙ [(2𝑦, 6𝑧, 2𝑥) × (2𝑦, 2𝑧, 4𝑥 + 𝑧)] = (2𝑦, 2𝑧, 4𝑥 + 𝑧) ∙ [2𝑦 6𝑧 2𝑥 ]
2𝑦 2𝑧 4𝑥 + 𝑧
= (2𝑦, 2𝑧, 4𝑥 + 𝑧) ∙ (6𝑧{4𝑥 + 𝑧} − 4𝑥𝑧, −2𝑦{4𝑥 + 𝑧} + 4𝑥𝑦, −8𝑦𝑧)
= 12𝑦𝑧{4𝑥 + 𝑧} − 8𝑥𝑦𝑧 − 4𝑦𝑧{4𝑥 + 𝑧} + 8𝑥𝑦𝑧 − 8𝑦𝑧(4𝑥 + 𝑧)
= 36𝑥𝑦𝑧 + 12𝑦𝑧 2 − 8𝑥𝑦𝑧 − 16𝑥𝑦𝑧 − 4𝑦𝑧 2 + 8𝑥𝑦𝑧 − 32𝑥𝑦𝑧 − 8𝑦𝑧 2 = 14𝑥𝑦𝑧
D) ∇2 𝑓 = 0
E) 𝑑𝑖𝑣(∇𝑓) = 0