TRANSPORT PHENOMENA

SUBMITTED TO
Jiangtao Wang

STUDENT ID NO.
6223000105

ENGLISH NAME.
ABDUR REHMAN

CHINESE NAME.

海曼

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SIMILARITIES AND DIFFEERNCES BETWEEN MOMENTUM , HEAT AND
MASS TRANSFER

 Transport Mechanisms

Momentum transfer involves the transfer of linear momentum (force), typically described by Newton's
Second Law:

�(��)
F=
��

Heat transfer involves the transfer of thermal energy and is described by Fourier's Law of Heat
Conduction:

kdT
Q=- dx

Mass transfer involves the transfer of mass and is governed by Fick's First Law:

Ddc
J=- dx

 Driving Forces

Momentum transfer is driven by a velocity gradient, often represented by pressure difference (pressure
gradient).

��
Heat transfer is driven by a temperature gradient:
��

��
Mass transfer is driven by a concentration gradient: ��

 Mathematical Equations

The fundamental equations for these phenomena have similar forms. For example:

��
Heat Transfer: ��
= �
���

��
Mass Transfer: ��
= �
���

�(��)
Momentum Transfer: F= ��

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 Transfer Coefficients

Transfer coefficients relate the driving force to the rate of transfer:

Heat Transfer Coefficient q= h∆T

Mass Transfer Coefficient j= k∆C

 Boundary Layers

In all three phenomena, boundary layers form near the surface. The thickness of these boundary layers is
defined by similarity solutions to the respective governing equations.

 Conservation Laws

Conservation of mass, energy, and momentum principles are applied to these processes:

��
Conservation of Mass: ��
= �
���

��
Conservation of Energy: ��
= �
���

�(��)
Conservation of Linear Momentum: F= ��

 Transfer in Fluids

These processes are often studied in the context of fluid dynamics, and they share common principles in
fluid mechanics:
ρVL
Reynolds Number (Re) for momentum transfer: Re= μ

hL
Nusselt Number (Nu) for heat transfer: NU = D

kL
Sherwood Number (Sh) for mass transfer: Sh = D

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SIMILARITIES AND CONTRASTS BETWEEN NEWTON’S LAW OF VISCOSITY,
FOURIER’S LAW OF HEAT CONDUCTION AND FICK’S LAW OF DIFFUSION.

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