‘Arrhenius Acid je) Ga Acid pad Sl | eH GHC ger wl yobs JE Ui] xe Sh i rad pln par : HC) yt chy SH east Og! i eras Bp hey dpe > € > gel Jssi.0) Je " NN yaad aArthenius Base (+ yin Jixe Syl gets ell Bb Gils BL WL Base tell 201 Ge eld gb NAOH py9 pall deny pha US] ee Sad OH 1S gl SV dale) BLS OW LSs belly gs NaOH, 150 | OFT + Na“qa, IgV) Walaa) BLS celal! B KOH p poll gl Sy he Uoleey KOH, HO, OH y+ Kg Cee ser IG SiS ype cle ple JRA US Gay esse sel § er) dpsed eS areal Ol gle gee WE pil eld ET Iyel ces (NAOH 93 pall aS y phe Josey AnS yytebd gl le g sou land Ca(OH), ¢ pel dS yp fate apd Stl le g soe Lets Lipbl tel By ops dliblel atl le LEshys pany he Ssytell sel pstle Ba del Ss ope NEN Lesh HCIO, , KOH , HNO, , HCOOH , Sr(OH), KOH p jet gl dS ght J plone gael aDGG) GRR ¥s anes Ha Roe lan yan (oe ipo) aN Se Joist Sea Anotuisky | Silay peel BL 0" Gh Ly dctis UL or 135 71S] HC] anol wonipacduoeen Ls sH,0 dass ie gill 0 tac in OF ll ee se Ll Go S53 pd Slit le by Jal cr iaclal a po, ar ip h Aah op Geil inet H0 8,5 i, SAgall Lge J Bealls aonll Se sl elec 3 yall pe 3 tae Sete) Ja fa st 3 pall So Gey sh tes Jeli ye Fad LU Ke Je LS.ne JOU 0 Sey glowed Cie Giles nal 3 peo Ul PLS dls dey ell J CHCOOH 2h SY! dae $y cles | ci,coon,,, + 1,0, = 1,0", + CI,coo ses lpia Spo J) CH,COOH ant all gab) ics fat ‘H,O* 44 acl SiMe, sH0" ardl 5d 55) : 251 CH,COO™ iaeti I gs LS HH,O* accu! Sy Cin sl CH,COOH | Seti SS Miya y 6d plvall 6 HO ised! Gy dg pd oo laws Cl ul Bast 0 SHC ae ET jee lee CH,COO™ iil I) Sac a8 CH,COOH 4.31 bal a Lal be Lit = ay jsen Heal 3b poly El Aah 16JUBiI ge slase VL Brey aera Dl gy glaea yn bygie 55 las gle fants Sela Qe Bw Ob SI jae felity erlall Qe CO, Jets Je $3 yall la A ye a Sg we Jas All eel ally oped! Ew Lewis Gand ye ge sks Ve tuelaly tale treble I prat od 5900 gy ll Stash Tale oh aed Si A teed Jed Ge by YI ely sh Staal co Bela bil oth By ASIN 5 951 5 Ihde Ye, Jett dal Bot SIV Ge ei ee B4eU Qe HCL poset JOU Me SS pnd le p pple a tel Be ae OME pant GB publ ap peel Ge lle Ca ele Ghee Vs sh Melis gy) say rede le Gs il Osos nash JOU Qe NH, LG yA! felis fee cig) ean f sede AN Ualedh ce Fad gill BE, H +:N-H ——> H lines toa pS NH, 3 daly 92 ob AES ALIN 5 = WK BE, 1p Bosal 33 ot a og pascal flay BF, OP Mes Soy -Y dele Bide! il les Jail Golans O ylally pre aeeS yy Ul 6 dal sete dene GB Aland 18Gaels paar Shs Bn gills alt Set eS Palas J a paiall AS 2 Es dlsbe isinetic odresn tere el dere Rael paar pede Lele asad atl ae planks FN Dyed Last 3 ¢ ial 4 sorsectal pple CES CIO paar J socal pbeell Itt - “G28 ~ alan pte CS CHLNI, J plead gaetall S Lt) wins Wee HINO, Saf Lay U5 Waa HBr aed! Saf - Riga NEB Lely oo pam NWSI flea al H,SO,, HI, KOH , HF , NH,, NH, AS) ole i HCIO,,, + CHNH, =? OCI. + CHNH,' gall gli Shsh 6 HCO,,.4, + Hq = HCO, 4g + HO" EVI Dabell Bid patie By eli, aru Ssh 7 Fe gg + 680 + Fe(HLO)," 4 eNolesll ple] BSH ONT SHINO, op Jf ecole ce HPO, op 3H! Baza 8 aDMUsLetall ull Focal alla! | a ee pou M4 Ase Jalal 2B sos 24 (HCl) = [H,07] = 1 x 10° M :JipJi os oul PULLS J glee pH nol pH = —log{f1,0°] = ~log(1 x 10") =3 pH + pOH = 14 LS pOH ah 34+ pOH=14 pOH=14 iv as ae 1% 10° M gst 45 H,O" ot gf 3 1% 10°M sly 4 OH wt yf ae “ 34Acid Base Titration 536 t@y (aaa 5 les Oe Lis BELE gle par Dylon ge tides sll reli Gs PG OH LS shyly HO pgiyigll 2u,} alad tom tJabell ‘ala BLS oll el ge aces ed J geval 0%.) + OH ——» 21,0, i Sate SF sh ater ot Sate 3S 3 iat gp Unb Jos ge ad Do BS pyle Uploes os cee gre Juntos Voll ge tee el y ' Coppa gti JyLel Ua ES t elt sell I dae ee shay 5S 5 Spent al EM 5S all Uggs J goal J] (as ay es) Titration plosii Dla! Nydas leaks 9S Uae tas I pe gl ge J] LEY Llne Jae «J pled 3 H,0* qucrbellol ploy psu GK. OH dS deadly! igs oa zl ue) Equivalence Point s\6s! thu this) la 5, | gs Neutralization Point Ja) tai ¢\dhidlels Je Sal Snel, Dee Sartell lial psn biel he lass doles oi th : 7 galetd gal PH OSs equi 5545 plea Thee Je Bee Uy Fics le GAS placed plea)! Clee bg Andes ary DML phn yo Glas Saat 25 LS SSI AE i plea pey End Point Uy ta G21) 5, Wesco Fay 5S) I peree U pleall 0 5 10 15 2025 30 35 40 45.50 © mL ey, Shall NaOH pam HCl yaar ig gas (D JSF ae Mile jose Le “NaOH tae, NaOH ieee Be fe gb Ghee Egle Uy Gp yall as 3 saad Ls Wilke aac OY ye Sue 8 55 Jal cll oblell £55Slpell few 0.25 L= 250 mL = HCI ae 0.2 L= 200 mL = NaOH ictal pn 0.02 M= acta 55 ceed 3S fel lll foul Bed OY yp Ste ol 0.004 mol = [NaOH] x V= 0.02 x 0 Paxson N yo Se BIKs aes OY ye Sue dS doball te US eli OV yo se gpl paar OV ys Sue Pauey = Pevoouy [HCI] x V = 0.004 mol [HCI] x 0.25 L= 0.004 mol 0.004 Hcl] = 0.016M dle las 0.4M=HNO, deol 55 0.02 L = 20 mL = LiOH sla p> 0.2M = saci 55 HINO, (ecu gpm Cao 1 lll oul WHY ys ote el Njouy = [LOH] x V = 0.2M x 0.02 L = 0.004 mol BN gl tact OY yo 2S BK pend OV yp Ste 0S dalall we FU US Bel) OY yo sue ggley paar OV ye Sue 36Masso = Peuory Dgxoy = 0-004 mol n___ (0.004 mol) (HNO) ~~ 04M 0.01L= 10 mt. Huon Va hej Ga FS ped L551 eB Atinwis bly he LAS isi Shiplldlpel psa Phin ele Sut 37 © GUS Ys 20 mL Jabs | KOH isetll Uylowe 35.5 eel shel SIV Dolan) 5 0.2M ofS SHBr jasol J glove oye 30 mL Be UBr,,, + KOU), ——» KBr, + 11,0, lad oe) | ae Ede ope OSE ides GU ee pers rhell pS! | Splenall BQ) yp Jali I ON ES 5 ay et Indicators : i215) slo GEL ,SI10 pila Sl. SLeaeS Sly Indicators Citl SIG (Yslgsl xe SF yey sgerartel Ip ie che BYES a tins Ete el gy) TSW Dalaall BLS gla 3 Bike ols Hin jo Jl pda ASU, Hin, +10, ——= In aq + HO" 2a G55 de poe te Apo J] Hn G21 Je BL ase UE EG AISI Uy Be HO” gl gy SG ct foe GIST Ine J pS ales Vb SG po alts J oo) Naya Wy | $Ssebpoe BOE) grey oi 555 y fae m0! J plowalt 3 (1) Sl Solin oleal! ¢ Hin tlc | le 5S de ope ite ple GSI pe DLs] ce UT Nad ti, it Se 6 SE 2: HOt Sty! op OH SU! HO" 55 5p sail pa pl plV icles wpe Sy (I) Sy stay ole! gb Hn GIs 55 5 bb ley Be dase gers 5D Ge (7) Spd far Tho ceed cl} ate lly Le p53 co Hell gw che gp GH 0) Fe ABS pans Ol eae Fiey ll gor sag!Spe [Una taba ye Filey ad JE Sa I sgh Jn spats 252 silyl tae Fyladle pearlitic AW guulgitste 2igVI Jobat Js YOU 5 HO" 55 senet 3 0.02M 4s 5HNO, (1 0.01 M235 5 LIOH ( Hales sl Hueld pda Julow lle J tell [baal Cal 4 plea sphae Uplowe pated tee ell J OH 55 og 5=0.7 El tebe .0.0005 M 05,5 5 HI 2am Jgledl pl aor y gl Shake aba + 400 mb 45 ae 0.81 g 25h) 5* HBr er Jyleeal DH pers nell gigll Lael -7 log2.5 = 0.4 81 g\mol = HBr jase 2 yal LS Goeles Gerard aby Gn all aeodl oF alt oe BI oF LE NE SA +1 HSI ula 5 ds 3 OF 4 HO" 35 5c not -2 0.02 M #35 5 HINO, Jylee . | 0.01 MoS 3NH, Jy we diel i1eld! J gloer GOH” ES Solay fll toby JAH 3 eal £5 ystall Syuel 2 BEI a Geil dial 5 youl jo ste 63 *10° — C,H,COOH _ 45x10 HNO, ala 1.7 «10% CH,COOH Eee ee aa eel 4.9 «10° HCN HCN HNO, 5 BI Le poll glow GI Sst a Seale fil gg HO" 35 50,5 gil Gaeodl Ged ASE BI Ne dye ge Gill Gaal BAI > Gat CH,COOH J plows) pH pomp pAzgll pi Lod log 2.9 = 0.46 (60 g\mol = CH,COOH , a.) £3 pal! U5!) a OH Uae solall 5 400 mL 5 ce 12g YI aI UV ge Corl ale sh Ripe all del gl yo 40) Ky 63 Spell Sh “5 PH S10 gill hl pad ee Est I al 5 > THE no 8 Sh dell dengrmi eh GE Dire NH we Sat Be Leal raj fale asa js, jie 2 NE yg + CHINE, ag Persad U5 lp Uploes jade ola! Gj 400 mL 3) WSL] pS MINH, tell Abs Cael log 3.9 = 0.6 515 «32 g\mol cs sls NH, Zed 2 yall ASU! ST tke 9.4 og slay 51Eg ah Sil Bae NH! pS pS Syl OI om pela & Jel Sybeeall gb ebell Og5y all Gee Sy NH, iy dial uel ASV Wola BLS ALO! psy aglouyl | NH, + Og OSs gorsrtall BD dns ylall 3 HO" $5.5 slay cL, Case lal Uploe . a Aly aos Basie Salts Zuctal EUs an 7 P ee eT eee ee . Wy S Ale eels oy» He Re er Ge US Hel ols oe Lust! OLY a MLNCO, tee spa ot Bae eae thas Ue dp MO,S cael chal uiKs cael Gs Ly sete ILS pI ely La celal Ge Jolin ce osk cles OW Sy Aagll Syl qty olall & Jolin Gall pl AoaS yan & il Eke WK p peat OW 4| 1,0" ob, 55 GAs cLall Ge Joli ¥ og LW SKOHT | ZVI Spell 3 HNO, Wiel (ID) gpry fe) > Le Bel gs NOS ee ah SI SV Daleall pL colle Jel NOL vg + HOw HNO, 9 + OF ug cdpbeall Sly OFT 4S yiegll OU yl 555 OT Ualeall Ge ety Cae cball Igoe 0 Sey PH gar glee ASN slap Wey J gl kis lS) BOs UNI ae SI ee es UL ot yl asalS cle fo clgee Jolie of oye ela SS oe Sty dey sels | $23 Dee J Ul Solubility obs) Gay Gal L lle NaCl p yo pall laa Ualeally Uuetaly NULNO, I UNI tig 5S Fg Fy oll fo folic call Se op Got Gy Op std ! N35) 3 tp. aye OSM etl pall gorse AIA B8 peer HLO” JOH 5 aoc, CHNH,Cl Uy pee de AS datas clalace I gueld yl nae te CY dled (10) Joel Js btelaly yaaa clad) | Salead gael 2s) 52313 igh pmellngpal 3:00) Spin NaOCl esl 541.8 x10 x 0.1 02 =0.9 x 10°M ILLS Ky, eball gol Cot pldeel [HO] Cael = (H,0'] (01) K 1x10 =o = ors °M for] 09x17 = 1x 10M {H,0" A 5 NC LS WJ plead pH ger snag gS Cael pH = log 11,0") el PH or soe 3d PH = —log(H,0"] = —Iog (1.1 x 107) =9 - 0.04 = 8.96 AL Ls. pg! Apll = 8.96 — 11 = —2.04 ALS tsar aateel 1p pal Lael rs peel pA pad WLU LY! dled fobas = 0.56 K,=44 x 10+ (CH,NH,]= 0.1 M« pH = 10.5 + log NH,Br qa] GN ys se Gla 1 gla PLUS lal y Set fs fs Wales CesT: Jol = CINH,",, + OW Eg on cH CILNH,,,, + 1,0, cHyapr, Ho, a i NH," + Br v Nel Hy ) HO" 55 3 led pH faded i 2 pH yee yptel itl GUI CHIN tela Jt 0.2 moldils.ze0.2 M [H,0*] = 10°" = 10° = 10" x 10" = 3.2 x 10-"M Ky ola i cull pludcel OH 5 1x 107" 7 4 Eo) CH.NHCI abt [oH] = 0732x107 1x 10M : en a EE BW Ude dps 5600 mL 2 fatal colall 555 lod Ky, . . OF |[CHLNE, | log 1.17 =0.07 «Ky = 1.4 x 10 * =~ TCHNH,] Fl 0.31107 [CH,NH,"] i 44x 10-4 = : (CH,NH, '] = 1.42 x 10 'M=0.142M PUL chal] OY ye Ste Col =M.v=0.142 M x 0.4L = 0.057 mol 60elas pecs) lial] Sg W556 RGF hag 4 Si ppl len Js 5 pail RSgh-2 Spisloy UN jy Js KNO, , CH,NH,Br,, C,H,COONa , LiF AS CL KCN , LiBr, C,H,NHI, HCOONa , NaClO, alates Gaels Haar JUS CY KNO, , NH,NO, , LiCl, NaHCO, , C,H.NH,Br HS aoe U glow pH ind 3 NaHS C12 pba th od es tls) abs) 6 PH i035 cai! 0.02M e}.S 5 HINO, J glove c+ 400 mL J (gils] pj! KNO, chal! des Cael -7 85 g\mol = clad) (Mr) id yall US K,= 4.5 x 10 «log 3 = 0.48 Sl Lite 3.52 Upload lal NH, tae So B56 10 gsley cory ntl J glace i bela) paar! Gai Cool -8 K,=18 x 10° Si le NCL Site 04m 3 CH.NHCl play :0.2M W3S J GH,NH, cy 335405 L no psa J glne -9 pred 35 Joa!) log 1.1 = 0.04 « log 4.3 = 0.63 « log2=0.3+ Ky=4.7 x 10 68H,SO, + CN’ == HSO, + HCN H,S0, + F = HSO, + HF HF + CN == F +HCN ches 6 BNI Mail pall Bell dene Cast -1 Ky del a gill pao! Be Cs) BY [01] 45 4,5) gdb GI Sich HCN J slows pl HF J gle pH lel i, Sell yo yabdl lowe GISAEL =» OAM gy B58 2L Law Tyne aot 9 inal pl =4 gory pt 155 RCOOI dae pH 243 & Sa3 RCOONa idl Ge Eas a] hell OY yp Sue Cool ip ye 152 slaty (peed gf all jo log 3 = 0.48 Sl Lake. GLatll GI HINO, ancl Sy Ufo pls Je 10 02M E35 5 gill sKNO, cally 03M 255 5 5x10*S ile Uplovall pH 2not-I 0.1 mol Esti] pL IU lee pH Coot sea IL J] NaOH WES 3 AICHNH, tell 3d pe ples I 0.2 M255 5 gi] CH.NH,Cl all 03M Ky= 44% 10" SI Ele ot dra J J] SLs] p UNH] Bao Mey ~ 36.5 gimol df Ve pH = 10 gevash sa gers rtall GB ZW Spt Se 12 FSH it Sy ylecell Gales fll! Se ash JENS (98 CSS HINO, J plod peo! SLIT gota Cel ce HS OY 5 BNI LI- NO, 5HCl gy Js Vere syishst = NO, + HCN, > CHINE yy + ya) HNO,,,. + CN CHN,,, + HC, PN oll pty 1) de Sl High + 20g > HB AmSate ged gers rtall i) Leo Ge 200 mL of ce 4 g UI U5 NaOH oy pall 40 gimol = NaOH iselal Z) yal! 0 Mode oll sLIOH Syloes ce 10 mL tyle Ge nol 0.01 Me5S SHBrd glove (y+ 20 mL Qs Jala LIOH J glowalt 55 5 Cnet GN 04M oS 3 KOH U los ye 40 mi Cinal Bad Ceol .0.5 MehS 3 UBr J gloee cy 20 mL Le cdl pled els OS Gall GS all sLicall (H,S0, + HCN + HF)plus HNO, decal 5 5580 Uglousl pH nel 1d Ka=4.5 x 10% 428 55 pil log! cKNO, elall MN J pHing bal Bl is (esi go Ft foal Gab 5 og NaHCO, pall Gy gb oye WG & s la-1 ina) aal y [OH}=1x 105 MY 35,5 te -1 KBr gual! ee sll gill Syleal)- 1M 35 ZHNO, yaar J gles 1 5101,0") 35.5 gael gle> selall Qe fells YoU yl doe + Sage HCO, dae! J lone 54 500 mL NINO, gba] ly ge ge A Eas BL] NH, 242 J le c+ 500-mL hn Get lage le BI Jpn ge 13 coke pleat ede 3h dianall tel ily 53 paoull AY LICI batt Ay gb oye UG Das GLa] ace HCI azul J poe gy 500 mL ee a wh gaze e slowe ot 200 ml 0.03 M x 10° M | HCOOH SS 5 Iona Spode le SV Spall 5 sow 16 joriina Sze a - . 01M K= 17x 10% a a aa cus pH=9 TN AY ge Coot ileal 0.03 M. [OH] =3 = 108M. HCIO J sles (3 [H,0°] $5 5 ¢ [H0]=8* 108M HC Gall . ’ bless sow vy S yZibasi-o K=49% 10" HD vaaall MAGS 3 Ne Spr od onal glade K=1* 10" Bisul HNO, J plows pl HCIO U plows [OH ] pH=9 KX cial KNO, £651 Je 505 pl goods GIST [o#]=1* 10° M KZ cla HCOOK ¢l SHZ seo LHX ood inst gl -T OpNYHD ecul U gloes Jolicl Doles os sl BOIS, Jala sl Co gh D> hae) Rai pall tela Gel Gp O55 Uys HO 553 tael-> BHC qhally IM L555 il Bel 05M CH Nase Gl pall paaolligs STU» CNH, 542 3il pl) anol Dae ct Hel BS 5 he Gro od pln SISEI- > INH, Jolow (CH J glow :[H,0°] a antl rsa 5 del dnl GT BSI CHNHCI NJH,Cl Slow dot N_5 HCOOH J pleea) ors ne! eS HCOONa ela 71ied ” HBr yaar Jy 9 OH DY ys Sate ai LF HLO OY ys Bue (1 OW GY yo 26 oye 43d JSTHLO OY yp Sue UU HBrEY yoSte 5 gyLSHLO" ON ySae (> OW GY yo Ste 8 gl Br OY Sue IS Jot J pH lel b gl Jesi10 Lp and ES AIS NH,(.2 NaCl(> HBr( NHCI( 1 ASN Waal ys pH LS lo gil Uawt1 PGS Ushesall HNO, (2 HNO, (> NaOH(G_ KNO,(i AS JS 5-10" 5S 5 fila gal J atl tpt GS A ayslacall NH,CI(s KNO, (> NHBr(G HCI CY 8 0 a PL os 3 SEAN fp essai (LIOH, N,H,Cl+ KNO,.NaCl) PH er steel Lest NO, > N,H,Cl > NaCl > LiOH (1 LiOH > KNO, > NJH,Cl > NaCl( NJH.CI> NaCl > KNO, > LiOH (= LIOH > KNO, > NaCl >NH,CI(> 25S glenall fe NH I atall By geld or N,HVHNO, (1 NiH/H,0 (= NU,BH! HBr NHNOJNH, (2 Fi Suagll deal Ab B58 Jaa yl jel 17 dels 3B ye eat ou NES 35% 1 Spins le el pei Gy fall re ell GST HCIO(s HCOOH(> NaOH(S NH, (1 Yale) J doereallighall.2 SA MHASHO HOA) OSHA jae 23 (1 sed)! by HA ecdli (o had HA shaosll (> Lx claildenY (> sled 3 gh fb Gee! Til ll euelal ON (3 (> OCh(G NOS I co rastll tate Ket ob gill Upton 4 PhS gle pené NaOH( 2 HCOOH(> NaCN(@ HCI( | Ca ligvasi ouy Wil .s HCOO-( > Heo, (= HS (o HPO;( | (OH) te rel ae (| Gosrtety pide (> pra titel (> iy UY Ge oy Sel hes II SUNT oP ANB ye aly oe coe(s BR a(S FCI OB che Sys PB [H,01]=2* 107M als 13} .8 La [OH] 2% 108M Co 1«10°M (1 5x 10M (2 1x10"M (> C72 JOxidation Number sstill ase nS de Si pAVL ast odlels nana Y Tals bly ye pole SI bi sae OS + SLI has 1S JS Us IW Sg Thee ys Sa hal a lS ge SLI co yl Hag + Chg + 2HCky (2) JAN eb yp eS EDL ES pe net ASU ESS le elise ge See Y geet fats oS UREN ASE HLS AY Sod pie I oy A GL gu tly I Sass sts Note say Sl eVy ASTI OLE poaer Fat UIE | Zo_2J) «l, Oxidation Number slits deste 0,5 9 1SNE5S GI al HOt, SY JS dew Tee 3 (1) 5 AS AS oes (1) gorse Pe berg ~ bias ilgsleod well gy eyes cash SIGE, aaStl orteld PND Spat) | asi sari oe set) Jal c 2 Zp NSS JRE gle de 5 el pe Gino gsley Sull pawl djs 4st one s, le sl 42 cu ' - Og a Bos gly UI gbloyViastoue 2 787 THO ETA lie ganall poley IA GEN poral poke 1st A T5U) ie yemall pole JyN1 do yareall tote 42 a0 4 Ca as a 3 “3 A, Jal Sod Al he HB AD HL glen WS» oor Ge sca! pais H HE AH . ve 4 Now H eas late Lae Le (1) AS po pine J Gory hell Lat ode Py CM) de> BSS Gla ype OS SFL -1 Ball, 4 H eee pane US Chel SYI G5 Me Le (2) LS ys line 3 Gam SV LSE one -1 Ko, go TS (2) 887 hee go 5 2 nari Cp OS oil eo aS y late y 1) dine 0,55 -1 NaF AF Sb odes Cl) glass car i yp astore 1 KAT Ba NBN gales pple gh BrCloler gla 6 +1 CUE 5 CL hel Aah gS len per Se Oe sl gem SV a Less oh +3 HBrO, i Br Lape A SE ode 0555 En BS pote ob pl Pot ened ASTI altel Cperee 7 Iino ghey Jalerall UIT adhe & pV BISA poll! 155 geamd LST shel ¢ pare * | 2 H,0 gO Cg Mia Bout gules _ Bl de thy wasters M1 hE ald Cie SU Seal CST lla! pata 35.0) Ast ste Glo 8 5 tela sl 7 pis steal ZI ke glaall poll 153 2ST Sel J yall (3 3051 dl el yl gl fis tena Cas 15] so, AB a) —2 gg gemes1358 JS Lt ote y 28 all G pe SW ONG ote | C7 Bead ae) hgh oe pS AST ode lam lal y 1S pall gb ey SONGS ON gh Spine sakes 5 poll on 9S J ALLA! poli 153 gad ASTI alae J NSS ake x Sy SUI AAS oko) + (pore SM NS ode X eS AST ote) 5(oxidation no of O x No of atoms of 0) + (oxidation no of S x no of atoms of S) = 0 (Mosiso % ho sons) + (Bosies % Ms woms) = 0 (-2.x 2) + (Meus 1) =0 Does = +4 $4 = oy SI STG ste AI gl Tide Sob aes Valet 5p fd tx watt (Rosas. X saatms) + Mots X Meyeas) + (Meo X Mousse) =O (41% 2) + (Meigs 1) + (-2 x4) =0 Neves = +6 Hs Site Bales Lars og! etal bey (yan % Priston) + (Maas * 9 satom) = 1 (41% 1) + (uys% 1) =-1 Dyoas 2 OS a al gay be gill 20 460 44 Lest Stuel LU oS > J ce SII petal ST edt cna ct yh JalS op Sass Sle yl pall ob (Mavi X Mxaioms) + (osidsia X Minatans) + (Morido X Moston) = 0 (41% 1) + (outa x1) + (-2 x 4) = 0 Posaxin = +7 (Meigo X owns) + (Mouser X Meratons) (-2x7) + (Rowaer x 2) = -2 Dovecr = +6 a0(-2) gasViastsse So Sly ctzeitgl (0-43) fas FeO, walsh gs DUT Td phe le 498 FeO, 3 (Fe) aed ob yl ol! (Fe,0,)1M sya Sst af WU Sl gt Eee Wein sp eli old OA st (Fe™) ays GS Op old p CIEE! pt pba (Fe) 4a) ou ge ol een hsp he AR, ee AIZEN, Lat Orbea Qe le WLs5e le 5 gi C5 yall Spt te 33 Stel, res Jel 15 gear est atael Sich PbO}, + CO) > Pb, + CO, stl tel} Zea sact Ast Jot J) ge Castiaue SLs c 1 POW + COg + Phy + COng LC Syst /0 42 gp Pb ast ase Lat Pb B jhe — PDO J 42) y+ gol Jlogl ast ote Sha keV (CO, f +4 — COG 42) dy Mes AS ose bjs i ge Sasthuethoustig gl SIG Spe file PHO 5 PHO GB gole Jz VI de co Sp Faye Septet Jobe plas ys ple JEW OY all Gye glow fo ol ee Mn*Mn0,( Sn? Sn( ot, > ar AN ole gp SpA Jul as gall Ji dicl 2 Hyp + CUO) + Cty + Op pit) Lbs wsgati wise 3 aS All p pe le yay NLS je Sete Sal Fe,0, CF all CO pdy,S |! IY) 21,389 EBay esl Wee ols sh Lila Le Ly ot Sop Tall chal gptles peel cha pppall olin Sd plow 13 LS acy pedal Ladl ob ljhs pel) slaall ae SAg)S + 2Al— 3Ag + 38° + 24D” Weleda) chal Qe Lens 84Bde Sly pet oles a Spe bled esl peVi esti owes, P Qe B UpaL JOSy asye ols alls a ital Bf one leg -Autoxidation—Reduction Reaction, Poa As, fess ae ead Mach Hs rapid fe 2HOxy > 20g + Org PIS Jebel J 1A cea asta stuel Sieh 2HOrq > 2HOy + Oxy oie fig J Ze sw gst e PALS pe Sole H,0, 25 5 yey (HO 3-2 SHO, BD gp sts 9 (Or 3 0 JO, BD) oye oS 246 N39 ered LSE LS F gtg petal ph Bae Ul pe, Last OY, MT psd Sle HO, 0,5 : 15 jis lists fas foil HO, J ems! 2 AVE Jolt JO gy O15. Gand JaSTett tact cml: fol! 2Na ja) + 20H ag + Chin —* Nag + Cl tag + NA tag + CIO oe) + HOw Aakeall ye Cided HU + paid he | ps) chee I Na’ pyo pall Og) OT dee YT restttstact 3 Zatisict Dsl (ALA jhe ge SS St ase J ~ 2OH fog) + Chigy Clg + ClO Gg) + H:Oq L Ast [O61 A jie) op past sae sy ji Ast Sade 5] ty AKU ste ate Lol Sie gl Usleall i petal Gard still slael ST eT ) gp ans oe aly 5 ylS fdS pe JS AIL Ch Sf whiny (Cl J 1 Che jie) yp laastious fy Cid MAS od pd Lubes Alle CL, of AU, (CIO- 4 41 — Ch Ns lsdhagat Jizet slp ast fat ley felis p patall pid Ue JI pets Asti ill 85‘ilalaall Bb Ge gle gary Al ONS sae BT dh gerysteells go SU las ota OyLs 1 HNO, — NO, HUalaadl ge pal G ell HO clogs je Bab pee SM CIS ish HNO, + H,O + NO, ‘Aabeal oT Sell SP gar a nhs SU pI ON BLab car neal 1585 HNO, + H,O — NO, + 3H Mylan be tnt gael cpr gna eG All Ie) gd KN BLabotaylT 2 HNO, + H,O — NO, + 3H" HNO, + H,O > NO, + 3H’ + 2e SE fol ual tas Dalal OW sao pie gl gl staat ol poll ee WP CsI ob, IYI oF eT he Ne IS oj] y+ Joli Li anol Ls HNO, + H,O — NO, + 3H" + 2e Cr0;> + 14H* + Ge — 2Cr* + 7H,O (oe HUY SAS JoUidll Joe RK by UY sey do ill oy AY! ote gules ol ew 4 sal ghee da gia) Cy SUN se cey Leons Leia alas Lengel cpcbalenll goto] Spt _elid § Kall ty ASIN! SA ghane Be") Ea Lis SIV ae Gent 8) pHi a SL Joti aah nA ALI McSall Ob y SY! 3x (HNO, + HO — NO, + 3H" + 2e) 3HNO, + 3H,O — 3NO, + 9H” + 6e~ Cr0;* + MH" + Ge + 2Cr” + 7H.O hy SIV Gan Sy hg god) TE Joli sles de J pal SNe Vy LST fol a earl -S Bape banal Ualeall 51s Ualeall 3 bo chest fol Hai JL pe YI Jel Gaal SHNO, + 3IhQ = 3NO, + 9K + Bd, sabeSlell Joli Gnas sue 4H,0 idl EY! fos ai cro + My’ + Be > 2cr" + 7hho + 5H’ + 3NO, + 2Cr" + 41,0 HSI Dalen! 3HNO, + C10;0 day 555 pall RN Joli takes Boal get Cell lage pel -7 6Br, + 6,0 + 120H — 10Br + 2BrO, + 12H,0 6H,O 6Br, + 120H — 10Br + 2BrO, + 6H,O 22S) dolul ype eb Westy 2 gle Lat UD ype eal Bo abel! SSVI 3Br, + 60H — S5Br + BrO, + 3H,O NOs) 4 Niyoy gel ell J Joli inal py 2 Jolisl nai shh ded ot pas NO” + NH, sejilosifa Usha! Gb J) SHO Bob yo SYI 2153 25) isi cishaall ppb le gle 2153 ose ST dee VI NO,” + 9H" + NH, + 3,0: MI dsllGb 9H BLL gery pegl ot ail Bad NO, + 9H* + 8e- + NH, + 3H,0 spe dalaall Gb Be Blk Stan! ojisl -2 alaall Bb SSO” GSU pba deny FU j ye Joli Gai ane! -3 NO, + 9H’ + 90H + 8e — NH, + 3H,O + 90H” wee ole JRE le er Walaa oe 8G II BO Ob gly OU gl Keel 4 NO, + 9H" + 90H” + 8° — NH, + 3H,O + 90H™ Ca 9H,0 Hegde deny 8 Uy} pall Jolt Gai Doles J ybdtol Gal Cow ell ole, No, + 91,0 + 8 — NH, + sth + 90H" 6H,0 NO, + 6H,O + 8 — NH, + 90H” jy Jolisll Huai Habe a5 EST ee tls othiey colejdee JI EN, ste ets as M4 SH =] shut JI anSldiove 1 so JSS patel Rbif -2 Vos GOI I petwlly ost wl petal Ssh ght a 1-2HINOsuq) + Gag + ZNO + Blog) + ALLO, 2-Ky + 2H:Og + 2KOHag + Hug EyjgllAsleall Zl gE 5 Holl buy, 5B SINT NO, Joli Jb N,O4q, + 2N2Heg, > 3Nrq) + 4H,0;) eel Bespin astialuel p Zaidist $ JB Siel wst fol Voteatt fis Ja (S ete BGA Luly spall Juuidiicl rp oles ALG aT Say AM dalelly AS pe Jobs ALLS dT Key Ho «Br « Nat « F,« Ho «Cu PM Jota B SpA Juul west Juaisicl 7 GFe™ ug + COP ay + 4H ug 9 6Fe™ ag + 2CP Yq) + THOq pldasye ate fas sata cats 3} Uke Jotis Guat tie ESN orkelisl GLasl Sst f gil -8 1-HSO5"uq) > SO.) (paecd ee ) Nptsle 2— COP ag CHOW) 00) (goed ee JI) aluisicl «6 IgE Jtly ss pl LLNS; fotisl Gnas ta eI IE, stl wale Syl git -9 le ISB I= Cr,Oxyy + NO (a OH, CrO¥* fag) + NOx ig) | 4— PO(OH)s" hq) + CIO uy OH’, PO; tg + Mia) 2— Zig) + Hg; OH, 200," fg) + HE, B= 1Chagy "10s og) + bag + Ch eg 3= BiOs aq + Mn yg) HH”, Big) + MnO, wt 6— SbSyq + NOs ju) H”, Sb,Oyy + Spy + NOig, OHSAS he Jol asl Spat) shy el O 5 ohana EV oer shane Stl age eI MNO I ST, haps fale Cin sT AD" al ot gl BT gh GT aS pe ple ty ELS bl pS Ss CS Syl Co MnO, > Ch > Cd" > Al Gla Stet alae EY oper Jyte GI) doll g veto s. ay Wel > NS Shy Wgsgly det 31 el Ko +e =k | 292 aa vied Se ee Co” + 26 co 02g hE asl Ag as Jyaet bed O55 ci Laall Ps dgdenll om MS Sy taste Te Lgl hd Leip b Sry ast Se Le pst gl I paher ole sil PMS Cees i pbeall Jal pal K > Co >IT > Ag L +20 2 | 0.54 Ag +e == Ag | 0.80 SU a el oD glans age OT Lie VE oo lly ch SU Ey Laal Slee S ype O,UF 2 Tage glob gh Co ch S126 gh Ls Vwi toh SIU pl op Sle he sto SHOT gt A Cr + 30 Cr 0.73 Cl, + 2e — cl +136 Ni + 2e° == Ni -0.23 Pb + 20 <= Pb 0.13, oul Eve AAS pall Joleld Sates Sho ole co al 386F -1 WS NBL pp Ly ple 5 aly od) 1121.36 V = E* og shall all tl Age seh 5 Si acl Issel Sy csoles Spel ge lel phe ple oily ast Ele Jill wd, es slsicf 2 KO.TSV=E 5 jhaall dl pstl dye Crp SUI aT Spel Se La ag Jone Sot ge JS Spt tye OF Le YE (1.360) 5 ASI hse! ges (-0.23V) JS Uisel dye Sut 3 Les ary pA yh Spay JS ashe, WH yg Leal SU Tesla ce i geal 2 PS Joli g Leal LEI age Shiny gd gall Jolidl aber Ni + Cl— Ni + 2cr Eran = E* eatestayy — E* aneasy Et = 1.36 -(-0.23) = 1.59 ’ ‘ Gals Jeti Se po tga SIL Set tye 5 bevt (0.73) 128) Stl dyes (0.13 V) sole Nt Ulgsst ge yh 4 BST CP py SUSU yl es YU 5 Leal py SUI SII dee oe lel ghee! pole 1 AIS JoUel glee! Eis ape Shon y gi yall Jotial Ube Lt kus ole Cr aq + 3P by) + BP hag + 2Cryy Equa = 0.73 -(— 0.13) =~0.60V fla 58 Jott OI aye jpeflelpesl LES GUY Zs ay ro) ale 1B) Ue fal aS Vy Z* oligh Upsy X plat ¥ oli gl Ujte a1Valea jy et sole gl lal ye ails A 955 Aled ll tad srt Sale| J) G2} GA Sell Jel Bd a pe Sees ha gape te tt > (all all) nal Lad allo ob aloe fl) 2153 (Glaze) op ib gle Ses flash pte ASS ey ge oye B55 a pd hl) dasgl — ipl (legal) fys5s Led aes gil (CoO,)uIV eb, st (11) JSS FT etl lh Joo op tl pactbll oul Sth, 10) [son eis. an Jost 116s2H, + O, + 2H,0 1435) Dalai Yh ote oe pty tort oS cls Vy as BUI Le uel Ly JAS Glpite bps Shllly Ub ae pot ET LY GLY Uplee g+ O55 1 aly SOY! J peal - SES gf OE LPR, ped foley egal Gb ah g pte ley Jel IE gy th gS ¢ tall o yl Lote Ai gy «CH,CH,CO, o Le Yl PI LEY asta Liyy > Liv + roeSLl Jols hai Li? + CoO, + &° + LiCoO.. ZEN Jos as Lig + COO, > LiC004 Ee =3.4V SI Jota seail pul Ble Gad esl 2 ON os Gili gl Og Bll, Les pate Gs] Sb WIS pte ale sil al gl Bade BAN gl obs OY Ge Jy 1 WY Lils pall ks) co aN gall cles poet sale Keay cille Ypslb BUS «05 6.941 gol ems 117 so eLyal ge let Nis Ay Spo atlas oye Sul ais dba BIN JST pally Las OL BS $0) eLygll Jae od [ote Sead i 5 Hole jl wal Clea leds Bp pls Baw Glow gil sul «l Corrosion of Metals spol Lae etry Ab J Ji lia Quad Fe’ ated! ot yl de Ce GR J) LN a ALAS ol ttle jp dist ye cll