Certification

It has been certified that having roll no. studying in XIIC has
completed a project work on the investigation on foaming capacity of
different washing soaps and has given satisfactory of this in his project
work.

………………
Signature
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Department of Chemistry
Declaration

I student of is doing project report entitled

investigation on foaming capacity of different washing soaps being
submitted to is an original work done by me.

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Signature
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Name of student
Acknowledgement

I would like to express my gratitude to chemistry teacher,

whose help and encouragement made this project possible.

I am thankful to the lab. assistant for his help during the completion of
the project.

……………..
Name
……………….
XII C, Science
St. Xavier’s School Jawalakhel, Lalitpur
Date:
Index
Objective
Introduction
Requirements
Theory
Procedure
Observation
Conclusion
Information for project work "Investigation on
foaming capacity of different washing soaps”

INTRODUCTION

Commercial washing soaps contain many additives apart from

active surface agent(soap). Soaps are sodium or potassium salt
of long chain fatty acids e.g., sodium stearate, sodium oleate,
sodium palmitate etc. Soap is manufactured by mixing fats or
oils with a strong base like sodium hydroxide.

Humans have used soap for millennia. Evidence exists of the

production of soap like materials in around 2800 BC in ancient.

THEORY
A soap molecule has a polar end, COO- Na+ and a non-polar end
consisting of a long chain of carbon atoms. The polar group is
water soluble and the non-polar end is water insoluble but oil
soluble. Soap produces foam when shaken with soft water. The
foaming capacity of a soap in water is determined by the
tendency of the soap carboxylate ion to get adsorbed at the
interface and trap air bubbles. This largely upon the nature of
hydrocarbon chain and the impurities present in the water used.

The foaming capacity of soap also depends upon the alkalinity

of water and the impurities present in the water used.
Apparatus
i. Test tubes
ii. Conical flasks
iii. Beakers
iv. Pipette
v. Stop watch

Chemicals
I. Different samples of soaps

PROCEDURE
5 clean conical flasks were taken and labeled as 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
Exactly 200 mg of 5 different soaps were weighed and
transferred to the numbered flasks. 250 mL of distilled water
was poured into each of the flasks and warmed to dissolve the
soap completely in each case.5 test tubes were taken and labeled
as 1,2,3,4 ans5.5 mL of soap solution was taken from each flask
and poured into the corresponding test tube. The contents of test
tube I were vigorously 5 times, kept on the test tube stand and
the stopwatch was started. The time taken for the disappearance
of the foam was noted. The process was repeated for other test
tubes and the observations are recorded as follows:
OBSERVATIONS
Temperature:26o C
S.No Name of soap Height of Height of Height of Disappearance
solution foam foam(cm) time
front(cm) front(cm)

1 Lux 4 7 3 Approx.15min
2 Lifebuoy(green) 4 5 1 Approx.15min
3 Lifebuoy(red) 4 5.5 1.5 Approx.15min
4 Vim 4 8.4 4.4 Approx.15min
5 Liril 4 8.8 4.8 Approx.15min

DISCUSSION:
The height of the foam and the time taken for the disappearance
of the foam was observed. The soap giving the maximum height
of foam is the most foaming and the one exhibiting longest
disappearance time giving the most stable foam.
 A PROJECT WORK ON INVESTIGATION ON
FOAMING CAPACITY OF DIFFERENT WASHING
SOAPS

St. Xavier’s School

Department of Chemistry

Presented by……………
XIIC, Science
Roll no ………