Flexural Analysis & Design of

1
Continuous Beam
Reinforced Concrete II
CENG 411

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

2
Example
 Consider the building shown below of a monolithically
constructed reinforced concrete building. Above the ground
floor, the building has three floors and a roof. The building
may be considered braced. All stories are 3.5 m high.
Consider all beams and girders to act as Rectangular
sections.
 Walls are used around the perimeter and at all
gridlines. A 1-meter-high parapet wall is used at the roof. No
other walls are present in the building.
 CLEAR COVER TO STIRRUPS = 40 mm
 All beams and girders are provided with 8mm diameter
closed stirrups.
➢ Slab Thickness = 140 mm
➢ Superimposed Dead Load = 1.5 kN/m2
➢ Service Live Load = 4 kN/m2
➢ Walls at all Gridlines / Perimeter= 3 kN/m2
➢ fc’ = 30 N/mm2 fy = 420 N/mm2
➢ Cover to stirrups 40 mm
➢ Assume 8mm stirrups

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

3 Calculate the loads on beam B-2

 First, we need to decide on slab type.

 Is it One way or Two-way Slab?
 Longer Span=L1 = 6 m
 Shorter Span=L2 = 2.9 m
𝐿1 6
 = 2.9 = 2.07 > 2 → 𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑤𝑎𝑦
𝐿2

Load Type Service Load

Slab Self Wt. 0.14 x 23.6 =3.304
SI D.L. 1.5
SI L.L. 4
Sum 8.804 kN/m2

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

4 Load on Beam
 We have to assume the initial size of the
beam.
 Using table 9.3.1.1
𝐿 8000
 ℎ𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 18.5 = = 432.43 𝑚𝑚
18.5

 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢𝑠 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒
ℎ = 500 𝑚𝑚
𝑏 = 350 𝑚𝑚

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

 5 Load on Beam B-2
 For Floor Load, we take marked red area,
the tributary area for Beam B-2: Take HALF
distance to B-1 and HALF distance to B-3
2.9 2.9
+
2 2

Load Type Service Load Factored Load

Self Wt. B-2 0.35 x 0.5x 23.6 =4.13 1.2 x 4.13 = 4.956
Floor D.L. 2.9 2.9 1.2 x 13.93 = 16.72
4.804 x + =13.93
2 2
Floor L.L. 2.9 2.9 1.6 x 11.6=18.56
4x + = 11.6
2 2
Wall Load None None
Sum D.L. 18.06 kN/m 21.68 kN/m
Sum L.L. 11.6 kN/m 18.56 kN/m

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

6 Analysis of Beam B-2

 Recall ACI 318-19 approximate method

➢ (a) Members are prismatic (similar section dimensions)→ 𝑂𝐾

➢ (b) Loads are uniformly distributed → 𝑂𝐾

➢ (c) L ≤ 3D (Unfactored live load does not exceed three times the unfactored dead load) → 𝑂𝐾

➢ (d) There are at least two spans → 𝑂𝐾

➢ (e) The longer of two adjacent spans does not exceed the shorter by more than 20 percent →
𝑁𝑜𝑡 𝑂𝐾

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

7 What should we do?

 We will utilize our knowledge in CENG 312

➢ (Analysis II) for indeterminate structures:
➢ Force Method (Consistent Deformations / Compatibility Method)
➢ Slope-Deflection Method
➢ Moment-Distribution Method
➢ 3-Moment Equation Method
 Of these methods, the 3-moment equation is the most suitable for continuous beams
and is the method we will use in exams. An example will be given later.

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

8 ETABS

 For the project, and other uses, we will use one of the most common commercial
structural analysis software available. We will use ETABS Pro. If you have not done so
yet, you should install it on your computer NOW. We will analyze B-2 on ETABS with
the following:
 Assume size 350 mm x 500 mm
 Material is concrete
 Beam has 3 spans – 6 m + 8 m + 8 m = 22 m
 Wu)DL ≈ 21.68 kN/m
 Wu)LL ≈ 18.56 kN/m

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

9 Load Cases

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

10 ETABS Results Case

Beam B-2

SFD B-2

BMD B-2

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

11 ETABS Results Case 1

Beam B-2

SFD B-2

BMD B-2

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

12 ETABS Results Case 2

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

13 ETABS Results Case 3

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

14 ETABS Results Case 4

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

15 ETABS Results Case 5

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

16 ETABS Results Case 6

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

17 Design Moment

Load 1 2 3 4 5
Dead Load 53.94 -98.34 50.41 -148.58 106.88
LL1 75.61 -15.82 -42.96 -70.11 115.49
LL2 -34.19 -68.37 85.75 -57.08 -28.54
LL3 38.67 -106.72 72.71 -47.58 -23.79
LL4 11.27 22.54 -28.54 -79.62 111.33
LL5 65.22 -38.35 -14.42 9.51 4.75
LL6 -22.92 -45.84 60.57 -136.7 87.94
Sum 129.55 -204.72 135.75 -285.28 222.37

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

18 Design of B1 at section 1 (1st span)

Solution:-
Assumed that h = 500mm and b = 350 mm
Max. moment at 1st Span (section 1) Mu
Positive
Mu = 129.55 kN.m

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

19

3- Assume that Φ=0.9 and calculate ρ and As

d = 500 – 40 – 8 – (20/2) = 442 mm
(assuming one layer of Φ20mm reinforcement and Φ8mm stirrups)

0.85 f c '  2 Mu 
ρ= 1− 1−
f y  Φ 0.85 f c' b d 2 

0.85(30)  2  129.55106 
ρ= 1− 1− = 0.0052
420  (0.9) 0.85 (30) 350 (442) 
2
 

As = ρ b d = 0.0052(350)(442) =810.35 mm2

Use 3 Φ 20 mm (As)prov.=942 mm2)

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

20

4- Check solution
a) Check spacing between bars
350 − 2  40 − 2  8 − 3 20 3Φ20
sc = = 97 mm  d b = 20 mm
(3 −1)
 25 mm OK 350

Beam cross-section
b) Check minimum steel requirement

0.25 f c 0.25 30
 bw d = (350)(442)=504.4 mm2
A s,min 
= max 
fy 420
 1.4
bw d =
1.4
(350)(442)=515.7 mm2
 fy 420

2
2
=504.4 mm < As)prov.=942 mm OK
Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411
21 c) Check Φ =0.9 (tension controlled assumption)
As fy 942 420
a= = = 44.33 mm
0.85f c ' b 0.85(30)350
a 44.33
β1 =1.064−0.00714 f c ' = 0.849 for fc' = 30 MPa  28 MPa  c = = = 52.15 mm
β1 0.85
d−c  442 − 52.5 0.003 = 0.022  0.005
ε t =   0.003 =  52.5 
 c   
for ε t  0.005  Φ = 0.90, the assumption is true ➔the section is tension controlled

d) Check moment capacity

𝑎
ΦMn = Φ𝐴 𝑠 𝑓𝑦 𝑑 −
2
 44.33 
= 0.90 942 420  442 −  = 149.9 10 N.mm = 149.9 kN.m
6

 2 
Φ𝑀𝑛 = 149.9 kN.m  M u = 129.5 kN.m OK
Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411
22

5- Sketch the cross section at span 1 and its reinforcement

500 442

3Φ20

350

Beam cross-section at Section 1

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

23 Design of B1 at section 2 (1st Internal Support)

Solution:-
Assumed that h = 500mm and b = 350 mm
Max. moment at 1st internal support (section 2)
Mu Negative
Mu = 204.72 kN. m

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

24

3- Assume that Φ=0.9 and calculate ρ and As

d = 500 – 40 – 8 – (20/2) = 442 mm
(assuming one layer of Φ20mm reinforcement and Φ8mm stirrups)

0.85 f c '  2 Mu 
ρ= 1− 1−
f y  Φ 0.85 f c' b d 2 

0.85(30)  2  204.72106 
ρ= 1− 1− = 0.00851
420  (0.9) 0.85 (30) 350 (442) 
2
 

As = ρ b d = 0.00851(350)(442) =1317.75 mm2

Use 5 Φ 20 mm (As)prov.=1570 mm2)

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

25
5Φ20
4- Check solution
500
a) Check spacing between bars

350 − 2  40 − 2  8 − 5 20
sc = = 38.5 mm  db= 20 mm
( 5−1)
 25 mm OK 350

b) Check minimum steel requirement Beam cross section

0.25 f c 0.25 30
 bw d = (350)(442)=504.4 mm2
A s,min 
= max 
fy 420
 1.4
bw d =
1.4
(350)(442)=515.7 mm2
 fy 420

2
2
=504.4 mm < As)prov.=942 mm OK
Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411
26 c) Check Φ =0.9 (tension controlled assumption)
As fy 1570 420
a= = = 73.88 mm
0.85f c ' b 0.85(30)350
a 73.88
β1 =1.064−0.00714 f c ' = 0.849 for fc' = 30 MPa  28 MPa  c = = = 86.94 mm
β1 0.85
d−c  442 − 86.94 0.003 = 0.012  0.005
ε t =  0.003 =
c   86.94 
   
for ε t  0.005  Φ = 0.90, the assumption is true ➔the section is tension controlled

d) Check moment capacity

𝑎
ΦMn = Φ𝐴 𝑠 𝑓𝑦 𝑑 −
2
 73.88 
= 0.90 1570 420  442 −  = 240.4 10 N.mm = 240.4 kN.m
6

 2 
Φ𝑀𝑛 = 240.4 kN.m  M u =204.72 kN.m OK
Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411
27

5- Sketch the cross section at support 2 and its reinforcement

5Φ20

500
442

350

Beam cross section

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

28 Note: Follow the same steps for sections 3, 4 &
5 or create an excel sheet

7Φ20

500 442 500 500 442

442

3Φ20 5Φ20

350 350 350

Beam cross-section at Section 3 Beam cross-section at Section 4 Beam cross-section at Section 5

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

29 Curtailment and Bend up of Reinforcement

Curtailment

Bent up

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

30 Curtailment Details of Beam B1

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411

31 `

Dr. Muhammad Ajmal CENG 411