Statistics For The Behavioral Sciences 10th Edition Gravetter Test Bank

Statistics For The Behavioral Sciences
10th Edition Gravetter Test Bank

Visit to download the full and correct content document: https://testbankdeal.com/dow
nload/statistics-for-the-behavioral-sciences-10th-edition-gravetter-test-bank/
1. An independent-measures study uses ____.
a. a different group of participants for each of the treatment conditions being compared
b. the same group of participants in all of the treatment conditions being compared
c. one group of participants to evaluate a hypothesis about one population mean
d. one individual to study andestimate population parameters
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 10.1 Introduction to the Independent-Measures Design
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Understand
2. A research design that uses a separate group of participants for each treatment condition(or for each
population) is called an independent-measures research designor a____.
a. repeated-measures design
b. dependent-measures design
c. between-subjects design
d. within-subjects design
ANSWER: c
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Remember
3. Researchers conduct a hypothesis test and use the data from two separate sets of observations drawn from the
same group of participants. Their research design is called a repeated-measures research design or a(n)____.
a. independent-measures design
b. dependent-measures design
c. between-subjects design
d. within-subjects design
ANSWER: d
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Apply
4. Which of the following is the correct null hypothesis for an independent-measures t test?
a. μ1 – μ2 = 0
b. M1 – M2 = 0
c. μ1 – μ2 ≠ 0
d. M1 – M2 ≠ 0
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 10.2 The Null Hypothesis and the Independent-Measures t Statistic
5. An independent-measures study uses two samples, each with n = 10, to compare two treatment
conditions.What is the df value for the t statistic for this study?
Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 1
a. 8
b. 9
c. 18
d. 19
ANSWER: c
6. An independent-measures study has one sample with n = 10 and a second sample with n = 15 to compare two
experimental treatments.What is the df value for the t statistic for this study?
a. 23
b. 24
c. 26
d. 27
ANSWER: a
7. An independent-measures study comparing two treatment conditions produces a t statistic with df = 18.If the
two samples are the same size, how many participants were in each of the samples?
a. 9
b. 10
c. 19
d. 20
ANSWER: b
8. A researcher reports an independent-measures t statistic with df = 30.If the two samples are the same size (n1
= n2), then how many individuals are in each sample?
a. n = 15
b. n = 16
c. n = 30
d. n = 31
ANSWER: b
9. One sample of n = 8 scores has a variance of s2 = 6 and a second sample of n = 8 scores has s2 = 10.If the
pooled variance is computed for these two samples, then the value obtained will be ____.
a. closer to 6 than to 10
b. closer to 10 than to 6
c. exactly half way between 6 and 10
d. equal to 10
ANSWER: c
10. What is the pooled variance for the following two samples?
Sample 1:n = 8 and SS = 168
Sample 2:n = 6 and SS = 120
a. 7
b. Ö7
c. 20.57
d. 24
ANSWER: d
2 2
11. One sample has a variance of s = 10 and a second sample has a variance of s = 6.If the two samples have
the same number of scores, what is the pooled variance for the two samples?
a. 4
b. 8
c. 14
d. 16
ANSWER: b
12. One sample has n = 10 scores and a variance of s2 = 20, and a second sample has n = 15 scores and a
variance of s2 = 30.What can you conclude about the pooled variance for these two samples?
a. It will be closer to 20 than to 30.
b. It will be closer to 30 than to 20.
c. It will be exactly half way between 20 and 30.
d. It will be equal to 25.
ANSWER: b
13. Two samples, each with n = 5 scores, have a pooled variance of 40.What is the estimated standard error for
the sample mean difference?
a. 4
b. 8
c. 10
d.
ANSWER: a
14. One sample has n = 5 scores and the second has n = 10 scores.If the pooled variance for the two sample is
30, then what is the value of the estimated standard error for the sample mean difference?
a. The square root of (30/15)
b. The square root of (60/15)
c. The square root of (30/5 + 30/10)
d. The square root of (30/4 + 30/9)
ANSWER: c
15. The data from an independent-measures research study produce a sample mean difference of 4 points and a
pooled variance of 16.If there are n = 8 scores in each sample, then what is the estimated standard error for the
sample mean difference?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 16
d. 128
ANSWER: a
16. Two samples, each with n = 6 subjects, produce a pooled variance of 20.Based on this information, what is
the estimated standard error for the sample mean difference?
a. 20/6
b. 20/12
c. The square root of (20/6 + 20/6)
d. The square root of (20/5 + 20/5)
ANSWER: c

17. An independent-measures study with n = 6 in each sample, produces a sample mean difference of 4 points
and a pooled variance of 12.What is the value for the t statistic?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 4/6
d. 4/8
ANSWER: b
18. The data from an independent-measures research study produce a sample mean difference of 6 points and an
estimated standard error of 2 points.If there are n = 8 scores in each sample, then the value for the t statistic is
____.
a. 6/2
b. 6/4
c. 6/0.25
d. 6/0.50
ANSWER: a
19. In an independent-measures hypothesis test, what must be true if t = 0?

a. The two population means must be equal.
b. The two sample means must be equal.
c. The two sample variances must be equal.
d. The two sample means are not equal.
ANSWER: b
20. A researcher reports t(22) = 5.30, p < .01 for an independent-measures experiment. How many individuals
participated in the entire experiment?
a. 20
b. 21
c. 23
d. 24
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 10.3 Hypothesis Tests with the Independent-Measures t Statistic
21. An independent-measures research study uses two samples, each with n = 12 participants. If the data
produce a t statistic of t = 2.50, then which of the following is the correct decision for a two-tailed hypothesis
test?
a. Reject the null hypothesis with α = .05 but fail to reject with α = .01.
b. Reject the null hypothesis with either α = .05 or α = .01.
c. Fail to reject the null hypothesis with either α = .05 or α = .01.
d. It cannot be answered without additional information.
ANSWER: a
22. An independent-measures research study uses two samples, each with n = 12 participants.If the data produce
a t statistic of t = 2.08, then which of the following is the correct decision for a two-tailed hypothesis test?
a. Reject the null hypothesis with α = .05 but fail to reject with α = .01
b. Reject the null hypothesis with either α = .05 or α = .01
c. Fail to reject the null hypothesis with either α = .05 or α = .01
d. It cannot be answered without additional information.
ANSWER: a
23. Two samples, each with n = 8, produce an independent-measures t statistic of t = –2.15.Which of the
following decisions is justified for a two-tailed hypothesis test?
a. Reject H0 with α = .05 but fail to reject with α = .01.
b. Reject H0 with α = .05 and reject H0 with α = .01.
c. Fail to reject H0 with α = .05 and fail to reject with α = .01.
d. Fail to reject H0 with α = .05 but reject H0 with α = .01.
ANSWER: c
24. The results of an independent-measures research study are reported as "t(20) = 2.12, p < .05, two tails."For
this study, what t values formed the boundaries for the critical region?
a. ±2.093
b. ±2.086
c. ±2.080
d. ±2.074
ANSWER: b

25. Two samples, each with n = 9 scores, produce an independent-measures t statistic oft = 2.00.If the effect size
is measured using r2, what is the value ofr2?
a. 4/16
b. 4/20
c. 2/16
d. 2/18
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 10.4 Effect Size and Confidence Intervals for the Independent-Measures t
26. One sample has M = 18 and a second sample has M = 14.If the pooled variance for the two samples is 16,
then what is the value of Cohen’s d?
a. 0.25
b. 0.50
c. 1.00
d. 4.00
ANSWER: c
27. For an independent-measures research study, what is measured by Cohen’s d or r2?

a. The risk of a Type I error
b. The risk of a Type II error
c. The size of the difference between the two treatments
d. Whether the difference between the two treatments is likely to have occurred by chance
ANSWER: c
28. For an independent-measures research study, the data show an 8-point difference between the two treatment
means and a pooled variance of 4.Given this information, what is the value of Cohen’s d?
a. 8/4
b. 8/2
c. 4/8
d. 8/1
ANSWER: b
29. An independent-measures study produces sample means of M1 = 35 and M2 = 31 and a pooled variance of
25.For this study, Cohen’s d = ____.
a. d = 4/25
b. d = 25/4
c. d = 4/5
d. d = 5/4
ANSWER: c
30. Two separate samples are being used to estimate the difference between population means for two treatment
conditions. Which of the following would produce the widest confidence interval?
a. n1 =n2 = 10 with a pooled variance of 10
b. n1 =n2 = 10 with a pooled variance of 100
c. n1 =n2 = 20 with a pooled variance of 10
d. n1 =n2 = 20 with a pooled variance of 100
ANSWER: b
31. For the independent-measures t statistic, what is the effect of increasing the sample variances?
a. Increase the likelihood of rejecting H0 and increase measures of effect size.
b. Increase the likelihood of rejecting H0 and decrease measures of effect size.
c. Decrease the likelihood of rejecting H0 and increase measures of effect size.
d. Decrease the likelihood of rejecting H0 and decrease measures of effect size.
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 10.5 The Role of Sample Variance and Sample Size in the Independent-Measures t Test
32. For the independent-measures t statistic, what is the effect of increasing the difference between sample
means?
c. Decrease the likelihood of rejecting H0 and increase measures of effect size.
d. Decrease the likelihood of rejecting H0 and decrease measures of effect size.
ANSWER: a

33. For an independent-measures t statistic, what is the effect of increasing the number of scores in the samples?
c. Increase the likelihood of rejecting H0 and have little or no effect on measures of effect size.
d. Decrease the likelihood of rejecting H0 and have little or no effect on measures of effect size.
ANSWER: c
34. If the sample mean difference is 3 points, which of the following sets of data would produce the largest
value for Cohen’s d?
a. n = 10 for both samples and a pooled variance of 15
b. n = 20 for both samples and a pooled variance of 15
c. n = 30 for both samples and a pooled variance of 15
d. Cohen’s d is the same for all three of the samples.
ANSWER: d
35. Which of the following sets of data would produce the largest value for an independent-measures t statistic?
a. The two sample means are 10 and 12 with sample variances of 20 and 25
b. The two sample means are 10 and 12 with variances of 120 and 125
c. The two sample means are 10 and 20 with variances of 20 and 25
d. The two sample means are 10 and 20 with variances of 120 and 125
ANSWER: c
36. If other factors are held constant, which of the following sets of data would produce the largest value for an
independent-measures t statistic?
a. The two samples both have n = 15 with sample variances of 20 and 25.
b. The two samples both have n = 15 with variances of 120 and 125.
c. The two samples both have n = 30 with sample variances of 20 and 25.
d. The two samples both have n = 30 with variances of 120 and 125.
ANSWER: c
37. Which combination of factors is most likely to produce a significant value for an independent-measures t
statistic?
a. large samples and large variance
b. large samples and small variance
c. small samples and large variance
d. small samples and small variance
ANSWER: b
38. If n = 15 for each sample, which of the following sets of data provides the clearest difference between the
two samples?
a. A sample mean difference of 5 points with s2 = 5 for both samples
b. A sample mean difference of 5 points with s2 = 10 for both samples
c. A sample mean difference of 10 points with s2 = 5 for both samples
d. A sample mean difference of 10 points with s2 = 10 for both samples
ANSWER: c
39. Which set of sample characteristics is most likely to produce a significant value for the independent-
measures t statistic?
a. A small mean difference and small sample variances
b. A large mean difference and small sample variances
c. A small mean difference and large sample variances
d. A large mean difference and large sample variances
ANSWER: b
40. Assuming that there is a 5-point difference between the two sample means, which set of sample
characteristics is most likely to produce a significant value for the independent-measures t statistic?
a. large sample sizes and small sample variances
b. large sample sizes and large sample variances
c. small sample sizes and small sample variances
d. small sample sizes and large sample variances
ANSWER: a
41. The null hypothesis for the independent-measures t test states that there is no difference between the two
sample means.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
42. If both samples have the same number of scores (n), then the independent-measures t statistic will have df =
2n – 2.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
43. If the two samples are the same size, the independent measures t statistic will have an even number for
degrees of freedom.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
44. Two separate samples, each with n = 10 scores, will produce an independent-measures t statistic with df =
19.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
45. If the two samples are the same size, then the pooled variance will equal the average of the two sample
variances.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
46. One sample has n = 7 scores with SS = 40, and a second sample has n = 5 scores with SS = 80.The pooled
variance for these two samples is 120/10 = 12.
a. True

b. False
ANSWER: True
47. If one sample has n = 5 scores with SS = 40 and a second sample has n = 5 scores with SS = 20, then the
pooled variance will be 60/10 = 6.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
48. If two samples each have s2 = 10, then the pooled variance will be equal to 20, regardless of sample size.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
49. For an independent-measures t statistic, you typically must compute the pooled variance before calculating
the estimated standard error.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
50. For an independent-measures t statistic, the estimated standard error measures how much difference is
reasonable to expect between the two sample means if the null hypothesis is true.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
51. If the df value for an independent-measures t statistic is an odd number, then it is impossible for the two
samples to be the same size.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
52. If an independent-measures t statistic has df = 20, then there were a total of 18 individuals participating in
the research study.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
53. If two sample variances are not equal, the pooled variance will be closer to the larger of the two variances.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
54. Two samples, each with n = 4 scores, have a pooled variance of 32.The estimated standard error for the
sample mean difference is .
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
55. The estimated standard error for the independent-measures t statistic provides a measure of how much
difference should exist, on average, between two sample means for samples selected from the same population.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True

56. When pooling variances, the resulting value will be closer to the variance for the sample with the smaller
number of scores.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
57. The independent-measures t statistic uses the data from two separate samples to draw inferences about the
mean difference between two populations or between two different treatment conditions.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
58. One method for correcting the bias in the standard error is to “pool” the two sample variances using a
procedure that allows the bigger sample to carry more weight in determining the final value of the variance.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
59. For a hypothesis test with the independent-measures t statistic, the null hypothesis states that the two
population means are the same and the homogeneity assumption states that the two population variances are the
same.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
60. The results from an independent-measures t hypothesis test are reported as “t(14) = 2.13,p > .05, two
tailed.”For this test, the null hypothesis was rejected.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
61. The results from an independent-measures t hypothesis test are reported as “t(24) = 3.85, p < .01, two
tailed.”The research study for this test used a total of 26 subjects.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
62. An independent-measures study produces t(21) = 3.00, p < .01.For this study, if effect size is measured with
r2, then r2 = 9/30.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
63. If two separate samples have M1 = 10 and M2 = 18 with a pooled variance of 16, then Cohen’s d = 0.50.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
64. An independent-measures study has M1 = 49 and M2 = 45 with an estimated standard error of 4.For this
study, Cohen’s d = 4/4 = 1.00.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
65. An independent-measures research study uses a total of 18 participants to compare two treatment conditions.
If the results are used to construct a 90% confidence interval for the population mean difference, then the t
values will be ±1.746.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
66. Confidence intervals with the independent-measures t statistic are used to estimate how much difference
there is between two population means
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
67. For an independent-measures study, the width of a confidence interval estimating µ1 – µ2 depends on the
size of the difference between M1 and M2.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
68. The 95% confidence interval for the difference between two treatment means extends from–2.50 to
+5.50.Based on this information, you can conclude that there is no significant difference between the treatments
at the .05 level of significance.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
69. The problems associated with high variance often can be minimized by transforming the original scores to
ranks and then conducting an alternative statistical analysis known as the Mann-Whitney test.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
70. If other factors are held constant, the larger the difference between the two sample means is, the larger the
value for the independent-measures t statistic will be.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
71. Describe the data that are collected for an independent-measures t test and the hypotheses that the test
evaluates.
ANSWER: An independent measures t statistic requires scores from two separate samples. The null
hypothesis states that there is no difference between the means of the two populations (or
treatments) from which the samples were obtained.
QUESTION TYPE: Essay
72. A researcher conducts an independent-measures study examining how the brain chemical serotonin is related
to aggression. One sample of rats serves as a control group and receives a placebo that does not affect normal
levels of serotonin. A second sample of rats receives a drug that lowers brain levels of serotonin. Then the
researcher tests the animals by recording the number of aggressive responses each of the rats display. The data
are as follows.
Control Low Serotonin
n = 10 n = 15
M = 14 M = 19
SS = 180.5 SS = 130.0
a. Does the drug have a significant effect on aggression? Use an alpha level of .05, two tails.
b. Compute Cohen’s d to measure the size of the treatment effect.
ANSWER: a. H0: µ1 µ2 = 0 (no effect). With df = 23, the critical region consists of t values beyond
±2.069. For these data, the pooled variance is 13.5, the standard error is 1.5, and the t statistic
is t(23) = 3.33. Reject H0. Lower serotonin levels cause an increase in aggression.
b. Cohen’s d = 5/13.5 = 1.36. Correction: Cohen’s d = 5/√13.5
73. The following data are from an independent-measures experiment comparing two treatment
conditions.
Treatment 1 Treatment 2
4 19
5 11
12 18
10 10
10 12
7 14
a. Does the data indicate a significant difference between the treatments at the .05 level of significance?
b. Compute r2 to measure the size of the treatment effect.
c. Write a sentence demonstrating how the outcome of the hypothesis test and the measure of effect size would
appear in a research report.
ANSWER: a.For treatment 1, M = 8 and SS = 50.For treatment 2, M = 14 and SS = 70.For these data the
pooled variance is 12, the standard error is 2, and the t statistic is t(10) = 3.00. With α = .05
and df = 10, the critical boundaries are ±2.228.Reject H0.
b.For these data, r2 = 9/19 = 0.474.
c.The data indicate a significant difference between treatments, t(10) = 3.00, p < .05, r2
=0.474.
74. A major company would like to assess the impact of using a professional trainer to conduct a confidence-
building workshop with their salespeople. A sample of 16 workers is obtained. Half (n = 8) attend the workshop
and the other half (n = 8) serves as a control group. For the first group of salespeople who attending the training,
M = 22.7 and SS = 100.For the second group of salespeople who did not attend the training, M = 17.5 and SS =
124.
Use the sample data to construct an 80% confidence interval for the mean difference in confidence between the
control group and the workshop conditions.
ANSWER: For these data, the pooled variance is 16 and the estimated standard error is 2.
Found by: = = = 16 and s(M1-M2) = = = 2
With df = 14 and 80% confidence, use t = 1.345.
The confidence interval is m1 - m2 = M1 – M2 ± ts(M1-M2) = 22.7 – 17.5 ± 1.345(2) and
extends from 2.51 to 7.89.
75. An educational psychologist studies the effect of frequent testing on retention of class material. In one
section of an introductory course, students are given quizzes each week. A second section of the same course
receives only two tests during the semester. At the end of the semester, both sections receive the same final
exam, and the scores are summarized below.
Frequent Quizzes Two Exams
n = 20 n = 20
M = 73 M = 68
a.If the first sample variance is s2 = 38 and the second sample has s2 = 42, do the data indicate that testing
frequency has a significant effect on performance? Use a two-tailed test at the .05 level of significance.(Note:
Because the two sample are the same size, the pooled variance is simply the average of the two sample
variances.)
b.If the first sample variance is s2 = 84 and the second sample has s2 = 96, do the data indicate that testing
frequency has a significant effect? Again, use a two-tailed test with α = .05.
c.Describe how the size of the variance affects the outcome of the hypothesis test.
ANSWER: a.The null hypothesis states that in the general population there is no mean difference
between the two testing conditions. Pooled variance = 40, standard error = 2, t(38) = 2.50.
With α = .05 and df = 30 (because 38 is not listed in the table), the critical boundaries are
±2.042.Reject the null hypothesis.
b.The pooled variance is now 90, the standard error is 3, and t = 1.67.With df = 38, we fail to
reject the null hypothesis.
c.With larger variance, the 5-point mean difference is no longer significant. In general, larger
variance lowers the likelihood of finding a significant difference.

Statistics For The Behavioral Sciences 10th Edition Gravetter Test Bank

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Statistics For The Behavioral Sciences 10th Edition Gravetter Test Bank

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Statistics For The Behavioral Sciences

10th Edition Gravetter Test Bank

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 4

19. In an independent-measures hypothesis test, what must be true if t = 0?

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 6

27. For an independent-measures research study, what is measured by Cohen’s d or r2?

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 8

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 11

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 13

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 18

You might also like