Building Construction

Corse Code : CB 322

Lecturer : Dr. Waleed Elemary

Reinforced Concrete
Columns
Introduction and Site layout
Building Openings
Reinforced Concrete Columns
Reinforced Concrete Beams
Slab Structure Systems
Reinforced Concrete Walls
 Earthworks
Shallow Foundations
Deep Foundations
 Brick Works
Stairs
Structural System Superstructure
The upper part of a building which is constructed above the
ground level.
Structural System Substructure
The lower part of a building which is constructed below the
ground level.
 Reinforced Concrete Columns
Reinforced Concrete Column is a vertical superstructure
member which transfers the loads from beams, slabs and the
entire structure to the foundations.

Column : if D/B ≤ 5

Wall : if D/B > 5

Where D depth of the column (largest dimension)

B width of the column (smallest dimension)
Materials Used in RC Column

1. Cement
2. Fine Aggregate
3. Coarse Aggregate
4. Water
5. Steel
6. Shuttering (Formwork)
 Types of RC Column
a. Based on Shapes

i. Circular for exposed outside for good architecture view

ii. Square or rectangular traditional for any structure
 Types of RC Column (Cont’d)
b. Based on length
i. Short column: if L/B ≤ 12
ii. Long column: if L/B > 12
Where L is the height of the column, B is width

c. Based on moments

i. Biaxial column: Designed for axial load and moment in 2 directions

ii. Uniaxial columns: Designed for axial load and moment in 1 direction
 Reinforced Concrete Columns
1. Construction Methods
Construction of RC Columns Involve Four Steps:
I. Columns Layout
II. Columns Formwork
III. Columns Reinforcement work
IV. Pouring of Concrete

2. Typical Structural Details

 Reinforced Concrete Column
1. Construction Methods
2. Typical Structural Details
 I. Columns layout
In this stage, the location of columns are determined practically
in the site by laying rope according to column and axes plan and
then mark the location of columns related to the rope OR the
location of the columns can be marked by using “Total Station”
Columns and axes plan
 II. Columns formwork
Columns carry the load of structure and therefore they are
critical. It is important to align them for verticality so that load
is transmitted properly. The column shuttering should be
strong enough to take the pressure of fresh concrete and
remain in position while concrete pouring.
 II. Columns Formwork
Guidelines on Column Shuttering:
• Column box or shuttering for columns is made of plywood sheets or steel sheets.
• Assemble 3 sides only from the plywood formwork in order to place the reinforcement.
• A thin films of oil or grease should be applied to inner surface of the shuttering to
enable easy removal of the column after the concrete hardens.
• Shuttering should be properly aligned to its verticality and diagonals to be checked
to ensure accuracy in dimensions.
• Formwork has to be thoroughly supported with braces and yokes before pouring
the concrete so that it does not moves horizontally or vertically during concreting.
• Spraying the formwork with a little amount of water to close the gaps b/w the
plywood to prevent any leakage of slurry.
 III. Columns Reinforcement work

In this stage, After marking the column

locations and assemble 3 sides of the
plywood. We then start to place the main
reinforcement and stirrups as instructed in the
structural drawing.

This is generally described in the drawing as

( C1 - 12Ø18) and (Stirrup - Ø10 @120 mm C/C)
 III. Columns Reinforcement work
Column Reinforcement Works needs following Checklist on Site:

1. Check the numbers and diameter of vertical bars.

2. Spacing between vertical bars.
3. Check development length which depends on diameter of bar.
4. Lapping should not come inside beam or slab.
5. Lapping should be at L/3 or 2L/3 of column as per structural notes.
6. Lapping should not come at same level (Staggered).
7. Spacing between stirrups is as per the drawing.
8. Vertical bar should come at right angle edge of stirrup properly
9. Bound with binding wire.
III. Columns Reinforcement work
Column dowels
III. Columns Reinforcement work
Main Reinforcement, Stirrups, and Ties
 III. Columns Reinforcement work
Consultant Engineer Approval Checklist
Before Column Closing
1. Column location
2. Column dimensions
3. Column reinforcement

After Column Closing

1. horizontal belts (yokes)

2. Column bracing
3. Column verticality
 IV. Concrete Pouring

Manually

Pumping
 IV. Concrete Pouring
Some Guidelines before and after concrete pouring:
1. Machine mix concrete is used For small quantity and Ready Mix Concrete (RMC)
is ordered for larger quantity.
2. Concrete should be poured up to slab bottom; the remaining column gets concreted
during pouring of slab & beam.
3. Mechanical vibrator should be used in the column but excess vibration can cause
segregation. Each layer should be thoroughly compacted.
4. Target slump to be 160 mm.
5. Height of pouring concrete should not exceed 1.5 m.
6. Proper cover as per structural drawings to be maintained.
7. Temperature should be below 30 degree while pouring concrete.
 IV. Concrete Pouring
Applications Lead to Segregation:
1. Moving the concrete overlong distance.
2. Too much vibration.
3. Pour concrete from high distance .
4. Pour concrete not vertically and at an angle.
Remove formwork after 24 hours
 Concrete Curing
Concrete which is moist cured for 7 days is about
50% stronger than uncured concrete
 Concrete Curing
Curing can be accomplished using any of the four materials:
1. Water (Spraying)
2. Wet Mats or Blankets
3. Plastic Sheet
4. Liquid Curing Compound
 Reinforced Concrete Column
Reinforcement Lapping according to Egyptian code
 Reinforced Concrete Column
2. Typical Structural Details
Types of Column Stirrups according to the Egyptian
code
 Reinforced Concrete Column
2. Typical Structural Details
Types of Column Stirrups according to the Egyptian code
Reinforced Concrete Column
2. Typical Structural Details
Shapes of Column Stirrups according to the
Egyptian code
Reinforced Concrete Column

2. Typical Structural Details Column Reduction