Principles of Radiographic Imaging 5th

Edition Carlton Test Bank

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CHAPTER 10—FILTRATION

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Filtration is the process of eliminating undesirable ____ by the insertion of absorbing materials into the
primary beam.
a. high-energy x-ray photons
b. high-energy incident electrons
c. low-energy x-ray photons
d. low-energy incident electrons
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

2. Filtration permits the radiographer to ____ the photon emission spectrum into a more useful beam.
a. narrow c. soften
b. widen d. increase
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Medium

3. Beam filtration does what to patient dose?

a. It has no effect on patient dose.
b. It increases patient dose.
c. It decreases patient dose.
d. It increases patient dose by the square of the filter thickness.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Medium

4. Beam filtration affects patient dose by

a. removing high-energy photons. c. softening the beam.
b. removing low-energy photons. d. converting beam electrons to photons.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Medium

5. In general, low-energy x-ray photons

a. improve image quality by affecting contrast.
b. are absorbed by the image receptor.
c. penetrate the patient and detector.
d. are absorbed by the patient.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Medium

6. Which of the following are considered filter media as the beam traverses toward the patient?
a. glass c. aluminum
b. dielectric oil d. all of the above
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Medium

7. The most common diagnostic x-ray beam filter material is

a. aluminum. c. copper.
b. brass. d. tin.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

8. All filtration can be expressed in terms of the thickness of

a. HVL. c. Al/Eq.
 b. Pb/Eq. d. Sn/Eq.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

9. The amount of material that will reduce the intensity of the primary beam to one-half its original value
is the
a. half-value layer. c. aluminum equivalency.
b. radioactive half-life. d. HVL/keV ratio.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Medium

10. The half-value layer is typically expressed in

a. Kerma. c. Al/Eq.
b. Gray (Gy). d. Pb/Eq.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

11. If the half-value layer of diagnostic radiographic equipment is too low, it may be corrected by
a. increasing the primary beam filtration.
b. decreasing the primary beam filtration.
c. decreasing the kVp.
d. increasing the mAs.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Medium

12. Which of the following is affected by half-layer value?

a. x-ray beam resolution c. focal spot length
b. image size d. patient skin exposure
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Medium

13. What term describes filtration that is part of the x-ray tube, the tube housing, and the collimation
device?
a. total c. inherent
b. added d. compensating
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

14. How many half-value layers must be added to the primary beam to reduce its intensity to less than 20
percent of its original value?
a. 1 c. 3
b. 2 d. 4
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult

15. Which of the following filtrations would result in the lowest entrance skin exposure to the patient?
a. 1.0 Al/Eq c. 0.5 Al/Eq
b. 1.0 Pb/Eq d. 0.5 Pb/Eq
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Medium

16. Which term best describes the filtration that occurs as the primary beam passes through the glass
window of the x-ray tube?
a. total c. added
b. inherent d. scatter
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy
17. Most of the inherent filtration of a typical x-ray equipment comes from the
a. dielectric oil.
b. window of the glass envelope.
c. Plexiglas collimator shadow plate.
d. collimator mirror.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Medium

18. The collimator device is considered part of the ____ filtration.

a. inherent c. added
b. compensation d. primary
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

19. A Thoraeus filter combines all of the following materials EXCEPT

a. silver. c. tin.
b. copper. d. aluminum.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

20. The problem of unequal subject radiographic density is solved by a

a. Thoraeus filter. c. K-edge filter.
b. compensation filter. d. grid.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Medium

21. Which one of the following compensating filters is used most commonly in radiography of the femur?
a. K-edge c. trough
b. wedge d. Thoraeus
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Medium

22. Which one of these statements is true?

a. The thickest portion of the wedge filter is placed over the densest part of the patient.
b. The thickest portion of the wedge filter is placed over the less dense part of the patient.
c. The thinnest portion of the wedge filter is placed over the less dense part of the patient.
d. A Thoraeus filter is recommended for radiography of very thick body parts..
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Medium

23. Total beam filtration is equal to the sum of ____ filtration.

a. added and compensating
b. inherent and compensating
c. compound and compensating
d. inherent and added
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

24. When filtration is ____, technical factors must be ____ to maintain the same density.
a. increased; increased c. increased; decreased
b. decreased; decreased d. decreased; increased
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Medium

25. For mammography tubes, ________ is inserted into the window of the tube.
 a. beryllium c. molybdenum
b. very thin aluminum d. graphite
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Medium

26. All of the following are true of K-edge filters EXCEPT

a. They are also called compound filters.
b. Copper and aluminum are the materials of choice.
c. They rely on photoelectric interactions and the production of characteristic radiation.
d. The x-ray beam traverses aluminum first, followed by the copper layer.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult

27. For an x-ray beam operated at 80 kVp,

a. the HVL should be 3.8 mm of Al.
b. a lower HVL is necessary.
c. the beam is harder than a 60 kVp beam.
d. adding filtration will increase patient dose.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult

28. For an x-ray beam operated at 90 kVp, the required minimum filtration must be
a. 0.7 mm Al/Eq inherent plus 1.0 mm Al/Eq added.
b. 1.0 mm Al/Eq inherent plus 1.5 mm Al/Eq added.
c. 0.5 mm Al/Eq inherent plus 1.0 mm Al/Eq added.
d. none of the above
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult

29. A compensating wedge filter would be appropriate for

a. PA hand radiography.
b. AP shoulder radiography.
c. AP foot radiography.
d. AP cervical spine radiography.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Medium

30. When comparing two x-ray beams, one at 60 kVp and another at 85 kVp,
a. adding aluminum to the 60 kVp beam greatly reduces the skin dose to the patient.
b. the 85 kVp beam will offer a lower entrance skin exposure.
c. adding 0.5 mm of aluminum to the 85 kVp beam will require no additional mAs in order
to maintain beam intensity.
d. all of the above
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficult

MATCHING

Match the choices below with the statements as they relate to beam filtration.
a. compound filter f. aluminum
b. added g. HVL
c. Thoraeus filter h. keV
d. trough filter i. 1.5 mm aluminum minimum filtration
e. beryllium j. 2.5 mm Al
1. mammography tube window material
2. expression of photon energy
3. tubes operated at 60 kVp
4. unit of overall x-ray beam quality
5. a type of compensating filter
6. radiotherapy filter
7. K-edge filter
8. filtration other than inherent

1. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Medium

2. ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: Medium
3. ANS: I PTS: 1 DIF: Medium
4. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: Medium
5. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Medium
6. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Medium
7. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Medium
8. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Medium